1、Designation: G154 12aG154 16Standard Practice forOperating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus forExposure of Nonmetallic Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation G154; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice is limited to the basic principles for operating a fluorescent UV lamp and w
3、ater apparatus; on its own, it doesnot deliver a specific result.1.2 This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for using fluorescent UV light, and water apparatus It isintended to be used in conjunction with a practice or method that defines specific exposure conditions for
4、an application along witha means to evaluate changes in material properties. This practice is intended to reproduce the weathering effects that occur whenmaterials are exposed to sunlight (either direct or through window glass) and moisture as rain or dew in actual usage. This practiceis limited to
5、the procedures for obtaining, measuring, and controlling conditions of exposure. A number of exposure proceduresare listed in an appendix; however, this practice does not specify the exposure conditions best suited for the material to be tested.NOTE 1Practice G151 describes performance criteria for
6、all exposure devices that use laboratory light sources. This practice replaces Practicegeneralprocedures to be used when exposing nonmetallic materials in accelerated test devices that use G53, which describes very specific designs for devicesused for fluorescent UV exposures. The apparatus describe
7、d in Practice laboratory light sources.G53 is covered by this practice.NOTE 2A number of exposure procedures are listed in an appendix; however, this practice does not specify the exposure conditions best suited forthe material to be tested.1.3 Test specimens are exposed to fluorescent UVlight under
8、 controlled environmental conditions. Different types of fluorescentUV lightlamp sources are described.NOTE 3In this standard, the terms UV light and UV radiation are used interchangeably.1.4 Specimen preparation and evaluation of the results are covered in ASTM methods or specifications for specifi
9、c materials.General guidance is given in Practice G151 and ISO 4892-1. More specific information about methods for determining the changein properties after exposure and reporting these results is described in ISO 4582.NOTE 4General information about methods for determining the change in properties
10、after exposure and reporting these results is described inISO 4582 and Practice D5870.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, as
11、sociated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.7 This standard is technically similar to ISO 4892-3 and ISO DIS 11507.16474-3.2. Referenced Docume
12、nts2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3980D5870 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and Related MaterialsCalculating Property Retention Index of Plastics(Withdrawn 1998)E691D6631 Practice for Guide for Committee D01 for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the for the Purposeof Determining t
13、he Precision of a Test Method1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G03 on Weathering and Durability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G03.03 on Simulatedand Controlled Exposure Tests.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2012March 1, 2016. Published December 2012Sept
14、ember 2016. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in20062012 as G154 06.G154 12a. DOI: 10.1520/G0154-12a.10.1520/G0154-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvo
15、lume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to ade
16、quately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM
17、 International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1G53 Practice for Operating Light-and Water-Exposure Apparatus (Fluorescent UV-Condensation Type) for Exposure ofNonmetallic Materials (Withdrawn 2000)3G113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artifici
18、al Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic MaterialsG151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG177 Tables for Reference Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Distributions: Hemispherical on 37 Tilted Surface2.2 CIE Standard:CIE-Publ. No. 85: Recommend
19、ations for the Integrated Irradiance and the Spectral Distribution of Simulated Solar Radiationfor Testing Purposes42.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 4582 PlasticsDetermination of the Changes of Colour and Variations in Properties After Exposure to Daylight UnderGlass, Natural Weathering or Artificial LightISO
20、 4892-1 PlasticsMethods of Exposure to Laboratory Light Sources, Part SourcesPart 1, GuidanceISO 4892-3 PlasticsMethods of Exposure to Laboratory Light Sources, Part SourcesPart 3, Fluorescent UV lampsISO DIS 1150716474-3 PaintPaints and VarnishesExposureVarnishesMethods of Coatings to Artificial We
21、athering inApparatusExposure to Fluorescent Ultraviolet and CondensationApparatusExposure to Laboratory Light SourcesPart 3:Fluorescent UV Lamps3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions given in Terminology G113 are applicable to this practice.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This StandardAs
22、used in this practice, the term sunlight is identical to the terms daylightand solar irradiance, global as they are defined in Terminology G113.3.2.1 Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) ApparatusAn apparatus for performing exposure tests using fluorescent UV lamps as thelight source.3.2 Definitions of Term
23、s Specific to This StandardAs used in this practice, the term sunlight is identical to the terms daylightand solar irradiance, global as they are defined in Terminology G113.3.2.1 Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) lamp Apparatusan apparatus specifically designed for performing artificial acceleratedweath
24、ering and irradiation tests using fluorescent UV lamps as the light source and including a means to expose the test specimensto moisture and controlled temperature.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Specimens are exposed to repetitive cycles of light and moisture under controlled environmental conditions.4.1
25、.1 Moisture is usually produced by condensation of water vapor onto the test specimen or by spraying the specimens withdemineralized/deionized water.4.2 The exposure condition may be varied by selection of:4.2.1 The fluorescent lamp,4.2.2 The lampslamps irradiance level,4.2.3 The type of moisture ex
26、posure,4.2.4 The timing of the light light, dark, and moisture exposure,periods, and4.2.5 The temperature of light exposure, and4.2.5 The temperature of moisture exposure, and during each exposure condition.4.2.7 The timing of a light/dark cycle.4.3 Comparison of results obtained from specimens expo
27、sed in same model of apparatus should not be made unlessreproducibility has been established among devices for the material to be tested.4.4 Comparison of results obtained from specimens exposed in different models of apparatus should not be made unlesscorrelation has been established among devices
28、for the material to be tested.5. Significance and Use5.1 The use of this apparatus is intended to induce property changes associatedconsistent with the end use conditions, includingthe effects of the UV portion of sunlight, moisture, and heat. These Typically, these exposures may include a means to
29、introducemoisture to the test specimen. would include moisture in the form of condensing humidity. Exposures are not intended to simulatethe deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena, such as atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure.Alternatively, the exposure may s
30、imulate the effects of sunlight through window glass. Typically, (WarningRefer to PracticeG151 for full cautionary guidance applicable to all laboratory weathering devices.these exposures would include moisture in theform of condensing humidity.)3 Available from American National Standards Institute
31、 (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.G154 162NOTE 2Caution: Refer to Practice G151 for full cautionary guidance applicable to all laboratory weathering devices.5.2 Variation in results may be expected when operating conditions are varied within the accepted limi
32、ts of this practice.Thispractice provides general procedures for operating fluorescent UVlamp weathering devices that allow for a wide range of exposureconditions. Therefore, no reference shall be made to results from the use of this practice unless accompanied by a report detailingthe specific oper
33、ating conditions in conformance with the Section 10.5.2.1 It is recommended that a similar material of known performance (a control) be exposed simultaneously with the testspecimen to provide a standard for comparative purposes. Generally, two controls are recommended: one known to have poordurabili
34、ty and one known to have good durability. It is recommended that at least three replicates of each material evaluated beexposed in each test to allow for statistical evaluation of results.5.2.2 Comparison of results obtained from specimens exposed in the same model of apparatus should not be made un
35、lessreproducibility has been established among devices for the material to be tested.5.2.3 Comparison of results obtained from specimens exposed in different models of apparatus should not be made unlesscorrelation has been established among devices for the material to be tested.NOTE 5See Guide D663
36、1 for guidance.6. Apparatus6.1 Laboratory Light SourceThe light source shall be one or more fluorescent UV lamps. A variety of fluorescent UV lampscan be used for this procedure. Differences in lamp intensity or spectrum may cause significant differences in test results.Adetaileddescription of the t
37、ype(s) of lamp(s) used should be stated in detail in the test report. The particular testing application determineswhich lamp should be used. See Appendix X1 for lamp application guidelines.NOTE 3Do not mix different types of lamps. Mixing different types of lamps in a fluorescent UV light apparatus
38、 may produce major inconsistenciesin the light falling on the samples, unless the apparatus has been specifically designed to ensure a uniform spectral distribution.6.1.1 Do not mix different types of lamps. Mixing different types of lamps in a fluorescent UV apparatus may produce majorinconsistenci
39、es in the light falling on the samples, unless the apparatus has been specifically designed to ensure a uniform spectraldistribution.6.1.1.1 A detailed description of the type(s) of lamp(s) used shall be stated in the test report. The particular testing applicationdetermines which lamp is used. See
40、Appendix X1 for lamp application guidelines.NOTE 4Many fluorescent lamps age significantly with extended use. Follow the apparatus manufacturers instructions on the procedure necessaryto maintain desired irradiance (1,2).6.1.2 Actual irradiance The apparatus should include an irradiance control syst
41、em to monitor and control the irradiance. Inapparatuses without irradiance control, the actual irradiance levels at the test specimen surface may vary due to the type or oflamps, manufacturer of the lamp used, or both, the lamps, age of the lamps, the accumulation of dirt or other residue on the lam
42、ps,distance to the lamp array, and the air temperature within the chamber and the ambient laboratory temperature. Consequently, theuse of a radiometer to monitor and control the radiant energy is recommended.NOTE 6In general, in apparatuses without irradiance control, lamp output will decrease with
43、increasing chamber or laboratory temperature, or both.6.1.3 Several factors can affect the spectral power distribution of fluorescent UV lamps:Fluorescent lamps age with extendeduse. Follow the apparatus manufacturers instructions on the procedure necessary to maintain desired irradiance (1, 2).46.1
44、.2.1 Aging of the glass used in some types of lamps can result in changes in transmission. Aging of glass can result in asignificant reduction in the short wavelength UV emission of some lamp types,6.1.2.2 Accumulation of dirt or other residue on lamps can affect irradiance,6.1.2.3 Thickness of glas
45、s used for lamp tube can have large effects on the amount of short wavelength UV radiationtransmitted, and6.1.2.4 Uniformity and durability of phosphor coating.6.1.4 Spectral Irradiance: Standard Fluorescent UV LampsNOTE 5Fluorescent UVAlamps are available with a choice of spectral power distributio
46、ns that vary significantly.The more common may be identifiedas UVA-340 and UVA-351. These numbers represent the characteristic nominal wavelength (in nm) of peak emission for each of these lamp types. Theactual peak emissions are at 343 and 350 nm, respectively.Fluorescent UV lamps are available wit
47、h a choice of spectral power distributionsthat vary significantly. The more common are identified as UVA-340, UVA-351, and UVB-313. These numbers represent thecharacteristic nominal wavelength (in nm) of peak emission for each of these lamp types. The actual peak emissions are at 343nm, 350 nm, and
48、313 nm, respectively.7 Gueymard, C., “Parameterized Transmittance Model for Direct Beam and Circumsolar Spectral Irradiance,” Solar Energy, Vol 71, No. 5, 2001, pp. 325-346.8 Gueymard, C.A., Myers, D., and Emery, K., “Proposed Reference Irradiance Spectra for Solar Energy Systems Testing,” Solar Ene
49、rgy, Vol 73, No 6, 2002, pp. 443-467.4 Myers, D. R., Emery, K., and Gueymard, C., “Revising and Validating Spectral Irradiance Reference Standards for Photovoltaic Performance Evaluation,” Transactionsof the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Vol 126, pp 567574, Feb. 2004. The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to alist of references at the end of this standard.G154 1636.1.4.1 Spectral Irradiance Power Distribution of UVA-340 Lamps for Daylight UVThe spectral power distribution ofUVA-340 fluoresc
