1、 ATIS-0300063 INITIAL REPORT TO THE NORTH AMERICAN NUMBERING COUNCIL (NANC) ON NUMBER POOLING The INC agreed that no further work on the Initial Report was warranted. This was due to work already taking place under other INC issues (e.g., 164, 177, 222, 243). The Initial Report accurately reflected
2、industry thinking at the time of issuance and still stands as a snapshot view (Issue 171 Resolution Statement). December 4, 1997 Copyright 1997 by the Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions, Inc. All rights reserved. The Initial Report to the North American Numbering Council (NANC) on Nu
3、mber Pooling dated December 4, 1997 (former document number INC 97-1017-019) is copyrighted, published and distributed by ATIS on behalf of the Industry Numbering Committee (INC). Except as expressly permitted, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form, including elect
4、ronic media or otherwise, without the prior express written permission of ATIS. Participants in the INC and other parties are hereby authorized to reproduce this document and distribute it within their own business organizations for business purposes, provided that this notice continues to appear in
5、 the reproduced documentation. Resale is prohibited. For ordering information, please contact: ATIS 1200 G Street N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20005 (202) 628-6380 incatis.org A complete listing of INC Documents is available on the ATIS Web Site at: http:/www.atis.org/inc/docs/.asp ATIS is the lea
6、ding technical planning and standards development organization committed to the rapid development of global, market-driven standards for the information, entertainment and communications industry. More than 250 companies actively formulate standards in ATIS 18 Committees, covering issues including:
7、IPTV, Service Oriented Networks, Energy Efficiency, IP-Based and Wireless Technologies, Quality of Service, and Billing and Operational Support. In addition, numerous Incubators, Focus and Exploratory Groups address emerging industry priorities including “Green”, IP Downloadable Security, Next Gener
8、ation Carrier Interconnect, IPv6 and Convergence. ATIS is the North American Organizational Partner for the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), a member and major U.S. contributor to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Radio and Telecommunications Sectors, and a member of the Inte
9、r-American Telecommunication Commission (CITEL). For more information please visit . - The Industry Numbering Committee (INC) provides an open forum to address and resolve industry-wide issues associated with planning, administration, allocation, assignment and use of North American Numbering Plan (
10、NANP) numbering resources within the NANP area. This document is maintained under the direction of ATIS and the INC. Suggestions for improvement of this document are welcome. They should be sent to the Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions, INC Staff, 1200 G Street NW, Suite 500, Washin
11、gton, DC 20005. All changes to this document shall be made through the INC issue resolution process and adopted by the INC as set forth in the ATIS Operating Procedures. - Notice of Disclaimer or the area of pooling could conceivably comprise an entire state. It is not contemplated that the area of
12、pooling would extend beyond a state boundary. 4.3 NUMBERING RESOURCES SUBJECT TO POOLING The initial establishment of a numbering pool could include only growth numbers - that is, numbers in unassigned NXX codes; or, it could include embedded numbers (subject to the possibility of a threshold, yet t
13、o be determined) - that is, numbers from NXX codes previously assigned to a given service provider; or both. For example, if pooling were implemented with 1000s block assignments, the pool would be populated with all 1000s blocks from unassigned NXX codes. However, it is certainly feasible that the
14、pool could also contain 1000s blocks from NXXs allocated to service providers but in which there were no end user assignments. It is also possible that even those 1000s blocks within an NXX code allocated to a given service provider which have a minimal number of end user assignments (yet to be dete
15、rmined) could be allocated to another service provider. If individual telephone number pooling were implemented, similar considerations relative to growth and embedded numbers would have to be addressed. The establishment of the industry inventory pool would no doubt contain numbers from unassigned
16、NXX codes but could also include numbers from allocated NXXs. 4.4 NUMBER INVENTORY Numbers assigned to a given service provider can be placed in an inventory maintained by that service provider (Service Provider Inventory) and subsequently assigned from that inventory to end users. This is what is d
17、one today after an NXX code is assigned to a service provider. A pictorial representation of number pooling with the use of service provider inventories is shown below. Alternatively, it is possible that a service provider would not maintain its own inventory but use only an industry inventory, whic
18、h the service provider would access to search for and obtain assignments based upon specific end user requests for service. The use of an industry inventory is represented below. SERVICE PROVIDER INVENTORY SERVICE PROVIDER INVENTORYSERVICE PROVIDER INVENTORY INDUSTRY INVENTORY PROVISIONING SYSTEM PR
19、OVISIONING SYSTEM PROVISIONING SYSTEM INDUSTRY INVENTORY NANPAPROVISIONING SYSTEM PROVISIONING SYSTEM PROVISIONING SYSTEM PROVISIONING SYSTEM PROVISIONING SYSTEM NANPAScenarios for number pooling will therefore be classified as supporting a service provider inventory of numbers or an industry invent
20、ory of numbers, or a combination of both. The figure below represents a pooled environment where assignments could be populated in service provider inventories or service provider provisioning systems might interact directly with the industry pool. Numbers can be made available to a given service pr
21、ovider using either a batch process or a real time/interactive process. A batch assignment is associated with a specific request for resources based upon a service provider forecast, and the allocation of those resources to a service provider for subsequent assignment to subscribers. The real time p
22、rocess implies the assignment of numbers based upon a specific subscriber need and the immediate assignment of the resource to the subscriber. The use of a service provider inventory could be associated with either a batch or real time assignment mechanism. A number pooling scenario which allocates
23、numbers by 1000s blocks would support a batch process through which the 1000s block is provided to the service providers inventory, from which future subscriber assignments can be made. Real time assignments could also be made from the pool to a service providers inventory to satisfy the demand of a
24、 given subscriber, either for an individual number or a block of numbers. Alternatively, a scenario which does not include service provider inventories, but relies on the use of an industry inventory, would only be associated with real time assignments. PROVISIONING SYSTEM PROVISIONING SYSTEM PROVIS
25、IONING SYSTEM PROVISIONING SYSTEM PROVISIONING SYSTEM SERVICE PROVIDER INVENTORY SERVICE PROVIDER INVENTORYSERVICE PROVIDER INVENTORYINDUSTRY INVENTORY NANPA5.0 GENERAL AREAS OF IMPACT Number pooling represents a major change in number assignment and administration. Its impact, however, extends beyo
26、nd these areas and requires modifications to network infrastructure, changes in operations support systems, and variations in call processing, including call routing and rating. 5.1 ROUTING Historical network routing mechanisms are based upon the understanding that geographic numbers are assigned on
27、 a central office (NXX) basis and associated with a specific switch, and the recognition that the network address to which the call must be routed is embedded in the first six digits (NPA-NXX) of the called number. The use of number pooling eliminates this association of NXX to end office and demand
28、s an alternative routing mechanism for call completion. Such a mechanism is provided with the infrastructure associated with Location Routing Number (LRN) Local Number Portability (LNP). Accordingly, and most importantly, any implementation of pooling can only be supported if permanent LRN LNP is av
29、ailable.2The current implementation of this capability will only support pooling within the rate center. Similarly, non-call associated signaling messages associated with database (e.g., LIDB or HLR) queries, or the processing of certain CLASS services, are traditionally routed using six digit analy
30、sis of a designated telephone number. Again, number pooling breaks the association of NPA-NXX with the required destination and demands more granular analysis and (global title) translations. The mechanisms available with LRN LNP also provide this capability. 5.2 RATING Today call rating is derived
31、from the geographic information embedded in the calling and called party numbers, specifically the first six digits of those numbers (the NPA-NXX). The use of number pooling supports these rating mechanisms assuming that the area of pooling - that is, the area in which numbers are assigned and share
32、d among different service providers - is consistent with the established rate center boundaries, and that the NPA-NXX(s) assigned to the pool uniquely identify the rate center in which subscribers assigned numbers reside.32Although switch based seven digit analysis and translation can conceivably be
33、 supported in many switches and could, therefore, be used to route calls in some pooled number environments, it is the consensus of the industry that this capability as administratively burdensome and inefficient in its use of switch memory. Therefore, seven digit analysis is not a practical routing
34、 alternative using the mechanisms of LNP. 3The assignment of numbers to subscribers who reside in the rate center to which a given NPA-NXX is assigned is a wireline service provider paradigm. It should be recognized that wireless service providers typically are not constrained to this assignment pro
35、cedure and may assign numbers to their subscribers If an area of pooling is defined that extends beyond existing rate center boundaries and numbers from a given NPA-NXX can be assigned over multiple rate centers, an alternative to the current call rating mechanisms would be required to accommodate c
36、hanges to billing structures. This mechanism, which is not now available, may associate rating information with a given 10 digit number (i.e., the subscriber), perhaps through the use of a separate, additional location parameter. This location information may be provided in call detail records and u
37、sed in downstream rating processes. 5.3 THE REQUIRED INFRASTRUCTURE The use of number pooling will require the development and deployment of the necessary network infrastructure. Specific architectural issues include whether the number administration database will be used simply as a repository of n
38、umber assignments or will function on an immediate basis, allowing service providers to search for and reserve numbers as a result of a specific customer request. In addition, it appears that routing requirements demand close coordination between the number assignment process and the Service Managem
39、ent System (SMS) associated with LRN LNP. Accordingly, this may require a link between the number administration database and the LNP SMS. Upon the allocation of numbering resources within the number administration database, or perhaps later when a specific subscriber assignment is made, a record as
40、sociating the assigned number with the appropriate service provider, along with routing information necessary to direct any calls dialed with that number to the designated central office switch, would be transmitted to the LNP SMS. Information in the LNP SMS would be downloaded to the network routin
41、g databases (SCPs) and thereby made available for call processing. Finally, it is recognized that the architecture associated with pooling is directly related to the process flows which will be used in the number assignment process. These process flows will be dependent on the specific implementatio
42、n of the number administration database and the possible use of service provider inventories. Specific number pooling architecture proposals and their associated number assignment process flows are described in Section 7.0. 5.4 ADMINISTRATION As is the case with all number administration processes,
43、number pooling will require the oversight of an administrator to establish the pool, allocate the resources from the pool, monitor the utilization of the pool, determine the rate of growth, determine its projected exhaust, and plan for its relief in accordance with industry guidelines. It is expecte
44、d that from a given NPA-NXX even if those subscribers reside outside the rate center with which the NPA-NXX is associated. a neutral third party will perform this function. Administration of the resources will be subject to regulatory oversight. A detailed description of number administration in a p
45、ooled environment is given in Section 10.0. 5.5 ADMINISTRATIVE AND ASSIGNMENT GUIDELINES Guidelines will be required to describe the specific methods and procedures through which numbers will be assigned in a number pooling environment. The manner in which numbers are allocated, reserved, aged, or d
46、esignated spare must be determined. Further, limitations on the quantity of numbers that may be reserved at any one time by a given service provider must be considered. Definitions and practices related to number assignment in a pooled environment are provided in Section 8.0. 5.6 OPERATIONS SUPPORT
47、SYSTEMS Operations Support Systems (OSSs), especially those associated with service provisioning, will be directly impacted by the implementation and use of number pooling. Systems which provision new services for customers are typically based upon the availability of numbering resources within a ce
48、ntral office code (block of 10,000 numbers) and will have to be modified and, in some cases, possibly replaced to accommodate number pooling. Other OSSs used for maintenance and repair are similarly configured and may also require modification. It is recognized that some of the necessary modificatio
49、ns may have been made to accommodate LNP. The extent that additional changes may be needed to support number pooling is described in Section 9.0. It is also recognized that in some cases new system(s) may need to be developed and deployed to accommodate number pooling. 5.7 CAPACITY Number pooling will increase the quantity of numbers
