1、 ATIS-0600001 Technical Report on - ELECTRICAL PROTECTION STANDARDS AND REFERENCE DOCUMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS ATIS is the leading technical planning and standards development organization committed to the rapid development of global, market-driven standards for the informati
2、on, entertainment and communications industry. More than 200 companies actively formulate standards in ATIS 17 Committees, covering issues including: IPTV, Cloud Services, Energy Efficiency, IP-Based and Wireless Technologies, Quality of Service, Billing and Operational Support, Emergency Services,
3、Architectural Platforms and Emerging Networks. In addition, numerous Incubators, Focus and Exploratory Groups address evolving industry priorities including Smart Grid, Machine-to-Machine, Networked Car, IP Downloadable Security, Policy Management and Network Optimization. ATIS is the North American
4、 Organizational Partner for the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), a member and major U.S. contributor to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Radio and Telecommunications Sectors, and a member of the Inter-American Telecommunication Commission (CITEL). ATIS is accredited by the A
5、merican National Standards Institute (ANSI). For more information, please visit . Notice of Disclaimer illustrates the necessity for care and thoroughness in implementation of grounding, bonding, and shielding; and provides supplemental information to assist in the solution of those problems and sit
6、uations not specifically addressed. In Volume II, Applications, the principles and theories, including RED/BLACK protection, are reduced to the practical steps and procedures which are to be followed in structural and facility development, electronic engineering, and in equipment development, These
7、applications should assure personnel equipment and structural safety, minimize electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems in the final operating system; and minimize susceptibility to and generation of undesirable emanations. The emphasis in Volume II goes beyond development to assembly and constru
8、ction, to installation and checkout, and to maintenance for long term use. MIL-STD-188-124B (1 February 1992), Grounding, Bonding And Shielding For Common Long Haul/Tactical Communication Systems Including Ground Based Communications-Electronics Facilities And Equipments. Objectives The objectives o
9、f this standard are to provide for the protection of personnel, equipments, buildings, and structures against the hazards posed by electrical power faults and lightning strikes. It also provides for the reduction of noise and electromagnetic interference caused by inadequate bonding, grounding and s
10、hielding of ground based military communications installations to acceptable performance levels. It shall be required that the grounding, bonding, and shielding system be engineered to be compatible with the supplemental requirements of the specific equipment or facility supporting these communicati
11、ons. 3. CENTRAL OFFICE: Telecommunication central offices and similar type facilities, such as Remote Switch Units, CEV, etc. are typically grounded following the guidelines in ATIS-0600313. This includes the external ground electrode and all the connections to it. The ground electrode provides the
12、means to equalize voltages. The equipment within these facilities are grounded and bonded following the recommendations in ATIS-0600333. ATIS-0600001 6Newer equipment in use in the central offices and similar facilities include electronic components that could be easily damaged by electrostatic disc
13、harges (ESD) if not handled properly. The test procedures in ATIS-0600308 are intended to provide the methods to determine the sensitivity of the equipment to ESD. Some critical central offices, either by their relative location or by the type of equipment within them, need to be hardened against th
14、e threats imposed by high-energy electromagnetic pulses. The guidelines to accomplish this level of protection are included in ATIS-0632000. 3.1 North American Standards ATIS-0600308.2008 (formerly known as T1.308), Central Office Equipment - Electrostatic Discharge Immunity Requirements. Abstract T
15、his standard provides electrostatic discharge (ESD) immunity criteria and test procedures for equipment assemblies intended for use in telephone central offices. It is intended to establish the capability of central office equipment to function normally after receiving typically encountered electros
16、tatic discharges. ATIS-0600313.2008 (formerly known as T1.313), Electrical Protection for Telecommunications Central Offices and Similar Type Facilities. Abstract Telecommunications central offices and similar type facilities are often subjected to disturbances from lightning and AC power line fault
17、s, either directly or indirectly, through the communications cables and AC power facilities that serve them. This standard provides the minimum electrical protection, grounding, and bonding criteria necessary to mitigate the disruptive and damaging effects of lightning and AC power faults. It is int
18、ended to serve as a guide for designers of such facilities in the application of electrical protection, grounding, and bonding as a function of the electrical environment. ATIS-0632000.2005 (formerly known as T1.320), Basic Protection Against HEMP for Central Offices and Similar Type Facilities (an
19、Above Baseline Standard). Abstract Telecommunications central offices and similar-type facilities may be subjected to the effects of a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP). HEMP is a by-product of a high altitude (i.e., above the atmosphere) nuclear explosion. Such a pulse is capable of causin
20、g extensive upset and possibly disabling damage to unprotected telecommunications facilities within line-of-sight of the nuclear device detonation point(s). Central offices and similar-type facilities that incorporate the baseline electrical protection measures specified in T1.313-1996 provide a mea
21、sure of protection against the HEMP contingency. The purpose of this new above-baseline standard is to provide additional mitigation measures that will significantly increase the protection of critical components of the public telecommunications network in the event that it becomes exposed to the ef
22、fects of HEMP. This standard is intended as a guide for the designers of such facilities in the application of basic HEMP protection measures to those central offices and similar-type facilities that may be specifically designated under government contract to receive such measures. ATIS-0600333.2007
23、 (formerly known as T1.333), Grounding and Bonding of Telecommunications Equipment. Abstract This standard defines and describes the grounding and bonding topologies commonly used for the installation of network telecommunications equipment in central offices and similar type facilities. It addresse
24、s the baseline grounding and bonding requirements for telecommunications equipment, the associated DC and AC power facilities, and the interfacing of co-located telecommunications systems installed in central offices and similar facilities. In addition, the document defines a harmonized grounding an
25、d bonding terminology, using the terminology developed by the Telecommunication Standardization Sector of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T). Grounding and bonding information from other standards related to telecommunications equipment is also included. ATIS-0600001 7Telcordia GR-295
26、-CORE, Mesh and Isolated Bonding Networks: Definition and Application to Telephone Central Offices, Issue 1, November 2004 Purpose and Scope This Generic Requirements document (GR) presents the Telcordia view of proposed generic criteria covering Mesh Bonding Networks (Mesh-BNs) and Isolated Bonding
27、 Networks (IBNs) for telecommunications equipment and systems installed in the telecommunications network environment. The document applies to switching equipment and other similar multiframe or multicabinet equipment that requires bonding networks. 3.2 International standards ITU-T Recommendation K
28、.27: Bonding configurations and earthing inside a telecommunication building (05/96). This Recommendation: a) Is a guide to bonding and earthing of telecommunication equipment in telephone exchanges and similar telecommunication switching centers; b) Is intended to comply with safety requirements im
29、posed by IEC or national standardizing bodies on AC power installations; c) Can be used for installation of new telecommunication centers, and, if possible, for expansion and replacement of systems in existing centers; d) Treats coordination with external lightning protection, but does not provide d
30、etails of protective measures specific to telecommunication buildings; e) Addresses the shielding contribution of the effective elements of the building; f) Addresses shielding provided by cabinets, cable trays and cable shields; g) Is intended to encourage EMC planning, which should include bonding
31、 and earthing arrangements that accommodate installation tests and routine diagnostics; h) Does not include: Required values of surge current immunity and insulation withstand voltages; Limits of radiated and conducted electromagnetic emission or immunity; Techniques for verifying and maintaining bo
32、nding and earthing networks. ITU-T Recommendation K.35: Bonding configurations and earthing at remote electronic sites (05/96). This Recommendation covers bonding configurations and earthing for equipment located at remote electronic sites such as switching or transmission huts, cabinets or controll
33、ed environmental vaults with only one level, a need for AC mains power service, and a floor space of about 100 m2without an antenna tower on the roof of the building as well as nearby; but are more substantial than small electronic housings, such as carrier repeaters or distribution terminals. Exper
34、ience in the operation of Electronic Equipment Enclosures shows that the use of a bonding configuration and earthing that are coordinated with equipment capability and with electrical protection devices has the following attributes: Promotes personnel safety and reduces fire hazards; Enables signali
35、ng with earth return (functional earthing); Minimizes service interruptions and equipment damage caused by lightning, exposures to power lines and faults in internal DC power supplies; Minimizes radiated and conducted emissions and susceptibility; Improves system tolerance to discharge of electrosta
36、tic energy. Within this framework, this Recommendation: a) Is a guide to bonding configurations and earthing of telecommunication equipment in Electronic Equipment Enclosures; ATIS-0600001 8b) Is intended to comply with safety requirements imposed by IEC 5 or national standardizing bodies on AC powe
37、r installations; c) Is intended for installation of new Electronic Equipment Enclosures; d) Treats coordination with electrical protection devices, but does not provide details of protective measures specific to Electronic Equipment Enclosures; e) Utilizes the shielding contribution of effective ele
38、ments of the structure and its contents; f) Addresses the bonding of cable shields; g) Is intended to facilitate electromagnetic compatibility of telecommunications equipment; h) Does not include protection against LEMP (Lightening Electromagnetic Pulse) ITU-T Recommendation K.39: Risk assessment of
39、 damages to telecommunication sites due to lightning discharges (10/96). This Recommendation gives support to protection engineers in evaluating the risk for severe damages caused by lightning. It comprises a risk analysis that includes the effect from direct and nearby lightning strikes as well as
40、overvoltages originating from incoming services, mainly power and communication networks. The analysis also indicates the most efficient additional protective measures for sites with insufficient basic protection. Part of this Recommendation deals with the risk of injuries to people being present at
41、 the site during thunderstorms. This Recommendation is based on a concept from IEC TC 81 and modified to be applicable to practical cases in telecommunication systems. The example in Appendix I of K39 applies to a telecommunication site with an adjacent antenna mast. 4. DC POWER The design, engineer
42、ing, installation, and acceptance of centralized DC power systems for telecommunication central offices and similar type facilities are generally done following the guidelines of ATIS-0600311. Equipment voltage ranges and other characteristics of a centralized power system follow the guidelines foun
43、d in ATIS-0600315. Requirements for the use of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid Batteries are contained in ATIS-0600330. 4.1 North American Standards ATIS-0600311.2010 (formerly known as T1.311): DC Power SystemsTelecommunications Environment Protection. Abstract This is a protection standard for the desig
44、n and installation of telecommunications DC power systems in a controlled or limited access area. This standard is applicable to the design, engineering, installation, and acceptance of centralized DC power systems. This is the only national standard specifically intended for the acceptance of such
45、systems. ATIS-0600315.2007 (formerly known as T1.315): Voltage Levels for DC-Powered EquipmentUsed in the Telecommunications Environment. Abstract This standard establishes requirements and objectives for voltage ranges and associated characteristics for telecommunications load equipment operating f
46、rom centralized DC power systems, owned or operated by an exchange or interexchange carrier. ATIS-0600001 9ATIS-0600330-2008 (formerly known as T1.330): Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid Batteries Used in the Telecommunications Environment. Abstract This standard establishes requirements for Valve-Regulated
47、 Lead-Acid (immobilized electrolyte) stationary cells and batteries used in telecommunications applications. It covers both absorbed as well as gelled electrolyte types and addresses the issues of gas recombination and thermal runaway. 4.2 International standards None identified at this time. 5. OUT
48、SIDE PLANT The outside plant (OSP) is that portion of the telephone network that is normally located outside of buildings. It may consist of aerial, buried, or underground facilities and associated terminals, closures, pedestals, and supporting structures. The outside plant facilities are typically
49、subject to disturbances from either AC power faults and/or faults originated by lightning activity. The general electrical protection guidelines are provided by ATIS-0600316. The electrical protection of broadband facilities is described in ATIS-0600332. Additionally, ATIS-0600337 establishes the maximum voltage, power, and current levels allowed in the OSP cables. 5.1 North American Standards ATIS-0600316.2008 (formerly known as T1.316): Electrical Protection of Telecommunications Outside Plant. Abstract Telecommunications outside plants, by nature of their outdoor loc
