1、 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS ATIS-0600029.2013 STANDARD FOR IRREVERSIBLE COMPRESSION LUGS, INLINE SPLICES, AND TAPS As a leading technology and solutions development organization, ATIS brings together the top global ICT companies to advance the industrys most-pressing business
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3、nt lifecycle from design and innovation through solutions that include standards, specifications, requirements, business use cases, software toolkits, and interoperability testing. ATIS is accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). ATIS is the North American Organizational Partn
4、er for the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), a founding Partner of oneM2M, a member and major U.S. contributor to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Radio and Telecommunications sectors, and a member of the Inter-American Telecommunication Commission (CITEL). For more informati
5、on, visit . AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Approval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Sta
6、ndards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward
7、s their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the stan
8、dards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the Amer
9、ican National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National St
10、andards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Notice of Disclaimer establish minim
11、um quality requirements; establish recommended lug landing patterns, including lug width; and establish barrel size requirements. The standard does not cover irreversible crimp compression terminals for smaller wire sizes. 1.3 Applications This standard is intended to: a) Establish minimum pull-out
12、force limits; b) Establish some uniformity in the application of covers for taps, splices, and lugs; c) Require proper application of dies and tools; and d) Inform the user how to ensure they are using properly listed lugs, taps, and splices. 2 Normative References The following standards contain pr
13、ovisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the
14、 most recent editions of the standards indicated below. UL 94, Test for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Applications, 5thEdition, October 1996.1UL 224, Extruded Insulating Tubing, 6thEdition, March 2006.1 UL 467, Grounding and Bonding Equipment, 9thEdition, September 2007.
15、1 UL 486A-486B, Wire Connectors, 2ndEdition, January 2010.1 UL 486C, Splicing Wire Connectors, 6thEdition, April 2009.1 1This document is available from Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (via comm2000). ATIS-0600029.2013 2 3 Definitions 3.1 2-hole: A type of lug that has two holes in order to prevent
16、rotation after installation. 3.2 Antioxidant: A compound applied in a thin layer between pads of lugs and terminals and/or on wires before insertion into the barrel. 3.3 Barrel: The area of a lug or inline splice where the wire is inserted and then crimped. Barrels may be standard length or “long”.
17、3.4 Battery Lug: One or two-hole, plated (usually) lug, sometimes with a belled end, and usually without an inspection hole, for making connections to battery posts and term plates. 3.5 Belled End: A wire barrel end that is flared to allow for easier insertion of flex cable. 3.6 Blind End: A lug or
18、inline splice without an inspection hole; used around batteries to help prevent corrosion inside the splice. 3.7 Butt Splice: See Inline Splice. 3.8 Cover: An insulating covering required for power connections for Inline Splices, and H-taps, and possibly used on C-taps (the cover may not be required
19、 for grounding connections). 3.9 C-Tap: An irreversible copper compression crimp connector with an open side prior to crimping (in the shape of the letter C). 3.10 Die Set: Form that goes into a crimp compression tool, sized appropriately for a given wire size and crimp connector, providing a circum
20、ferential (circular, oval, hexagonal, or diamond-shaped) deformation around the connector, in order to join the connector to the cable(s). 3.11 H-tap: An irreversible copper compression crimp connector with at least two openings (prior to crimping) to allow multiple cables to be spliced/tapped (some
21、 of the simpler H-taps are in the shape of the letter H prior to crimping). 3.12 Inline Splice: A splice where two cables enter from opposite ends and “butt-up” to each other. 3.13 Inspection Hole: A small hole in the transition area between a wire barrel and tongue of a lug, or on both sides of the
22、 central portion of an inline splice, that allows the installer to see if the wire has been fully inserted into the barrel. 3.14 Inspection Window: See Inspection Hole. 3.15 Irreversible Crimp Compression: A copper compression connection made with a circumferential die set that cannot be taken apart
23、 without destroying the connector. 3.16 Listed: Equipment, materials, or services included in a list published by an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of products or services, that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed
24、equipment and materials, and whose listing states that either the equipment or material meets appropriate designated standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose. 3.17 Lug: A copper compression connector with a barrel for wire insertion and crimping, and a pad (tongue) wit
25、h one or two holes for attachment to a termination point. 3.18 Narrow Tongue: A lug with a narrower pad (tongue) than the standard width for that wire size, to allow placement in tight quarters. 3.19 Pad (Tongue): The flat connection side of a lug or terminal. 3.20 Peep Hole: See Inspection Hole. 3.
26、21 Plated: Refers to the outer plating metal of the copper connector, which may be nickel, lead, tin, silver, or an alloy of some of these. 3.22 Reducing Splice: A splice where two cables of differing sizes enter from opposite ends and “butt-up” against each other. 3.23 Shiner: The area of exposed c
27、opper between the inserted end of a cable (with the insulation removed from that end) and the barrel of a lug or inline splice. ATIS-0600029.2013 3 3.24 Slotted Lug: A two-hole lug where one of the holes is a slot that allows for multiple landing pad hole spacings. 3.25 Skive: See Inspection Hole. 3
28、.26 Tang: See Pad. 3.27 Tap: Connection of a branch of cable from a continuous main run of another cable. 3.28 Two-way Splice: An Inline Splice where the two cables are the same size. 4 Descriptions 4.1 Barrels All major lug and inline splice manufacturers make most connector sizes in standard barre
29、l length. The standard barrel length varies by manufacturer and by wire size, but generally offers the ability for two or more circumferential crimps for the larger wire sizes, or one for smaller wire sizes. The major lug and inline splice manufacturers also make long barrel connectors. Again, the l
30、ength of a “long-barrel” varies by manufacturer and wire size, but offers room for more crimps than would be found on the standard barrel. In most cases, use of long-barrel lugs is not needed except in high-vibration applications. A few manufacturers may make short barrel (shorter than the standard
31、barrel) connectors for certain wire sizes. These typically only have room for a single crimp. Figure 1 - Standard Barrel Lug Figure 2 - Long Barrel Lug Some lug barrels can come with belled (flared) ends in order to ease insertion of flex cable. ATIS-0600029.2013 4 Figure 3 - Belled End Lug There do
32、es not have to be an exact fit between the inside diameter of a barrel and the outside diameter of the wire in the cable; however, they need to be close so that the crimp compression makes a conductive fit that is highly resistive to being pulled off. That said, the compression tools compress the ba
33、rrels enough that there is enough difference between inside barrel diameter and outside cable diameter that some barrels can fit multiple sizes of wire. For example, a given lug might fit both 1/0 AWG Class B (standard stranding) and 1/0 AWG Class I (flex) cables. The manufacturer will specify for w
34、hich sizes the barrel has been listed. 4.2 Inline Splices Inline splices provide a method of joining two cables end to end (also known as a butt splice) in order to minimize the space taken in a cable rack when lengthening a cable or changing size. The inline splice is essentially like two back-to-b
35、ack lug barrels (no tongues). The inline splice may connect the same size to itself (sometimes known as a two-way splice), or change from a larger size to a smaller wire size (reducing splice). The inline splice usually has inspection holes to ensure proper wire insertion, and is usually covered wit
36、h clear heat shrink (in single or multiple layers, depending on the thickness of the heat shrink) to facilitate inspection of the connector after-the-fact. Figure 4 - Reducing Splice Kit ATIS-0600029.2013 5 Figure 5 - Installed Reducing Splice 4.3 Inspection Holes Many lugs contain an inspection hol
37、e right where the transition zone starts between the barrel and the tongue. This allows an installer to determine if theyve fully inserted the wire into the barrel. Standard and short-barrel lugs (except for battery lugs) come with inspection holes. Long-barrel lugs normally do not come with an insp
38、ection hole because full wire insertion (while still important) is not as important due to the increased number of crimps. A modification to the long-barrel part number allows the user to order it with an inspection hole. Most lugs used around flooded batteries also do not contain an inspection hole
39、, in order to prevent intrusion of electrolyte mist. For straight lugs through 45 degree lugs, the inspection hole is on the top side. For greater angles (such as 60 or 90 degree lugs), the inspection hole is on the opposite side of the barrel. Figure 6 - 45 and 90 degree 2-hole Lugs Figure 7 - 2-ho
40、le Long Barrel lug w/o Inspection Hole ATIS-0600029.2013 6 Most inline splices contain two inspection holes, in order to determine proper insertion of both wires. For reducing splices, the inspection hole is right at the end of the barrel before it begins the transition zone to the other size. Figur
41、e 8 - Inline Reducing Splices with Inspection Holes 4.4 Taps There are essentially two types of taps: H-taps and C-taps. Taps can be used for transitioning from a larger cable size to one or more smaller cables, or can be used to “tap-off” a cable from a continuous main run. A tap may or may not hav
42、e a cover (clear or black), depending on whether it is used on a feed or return cable (these almost always have covers), or on a grounding system cable (these are generally not required to be covered, although they often are for aesthetic reasons). Figure 9 - Thick Walled “C“ Tap ATIS-0600029.2013 7
43、 Figure 10 - Thin Wall “C“ Tap Figure 11 - “H“ Tap 4.5 Covers however, some of them have removable two-piece dies that come from a die set that corresponds to the tool. Figure 20 - Manually Pumped Hydraulic Crimp Tool with Rotating Head Figure 21 - Detail of Rotating Head Some tools may include a ma
44、nual pump (hand or foot, or self-contained) to build hydraulic pressure. For the largest sizes of connectors and cables, electrical power is typically required to provide enough hydraulic pressure. The electrical power may be part of the tool itself (battery). There are also tools with a hydraulic p
45、ump that plugs into a wall outlet. This pump is then connected to a remote crimping head through a hydraulic hose. All of the larger tools use removable two-piece dies. 4.10 Color Codes & Die Indices Dies and connectors are color-coded to match each other. Oftentimes the name of the color is printed
46、 (and sometimes stamped) on the connector and possibly on the die so that color-blind people are not confused. Usually, the colors are common between major connector manufacturers, but there are some exceptions. Therefore, ensure that the connector manufacturers manuals, catalogs, application notes,
47、 and/or toolbox cards are consulted prior to using tools and dies from a manufacturer other than the connector manufacturer, and simply assuming that the color codes are the same. In addition, most manufacturers utilize an Index Code ATIS-0600029.2013 12 Numbering system. Each connector is assigned
48、a unique number and the associated die also contains this number. The number may be numeric, alpha, or alpha numeric. This is a secondary measure for the end user to make sure they are making a proper installation. If the connection is properly made, the die will emboss the connector with an index c
49、ode that has been engraved into the die set. 4.11 Direct-Burial Crimp Compression Connectors Buried ground wire and ground rods may be connected with mechanical connectors, exothermic welds, or irreversible copper crimp compression connectors. In larger telecommunications site applications, exothermic welds were historically used, but listed direct-burial irreversible copper crimp compression connections have been gaining in availability and popularity. Direct-burial irreversible crimp compression copper connections may use a special anti-oxidant impregnated with copper particles to
