1、Specification forBrazing Procedureand PerformanceQualificationAWS B2.2/B2.2M:2010An American National Standard550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126AWS B2.2/B2.2M:2010An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteJuly 7, 2009Specification forBrazing Procedure andPe
2、rformance Qualification3rd EditionSupersedes ANSI/AWS B2.2-91Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) B2 Committee on Procedure and Performance QualificationUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis specification provides the r
3、equirements for qualification of brazing procedure specifications, brazers, and brazingoperators for manual, mechanized, and automatic brazing. The brazing processes included are torch brazing, furnacebrazing, diffusion brazing, resistance brazing, dip brazing, infrared brazing, and induction brazin
4、g. Base metals, brazingfiller metals, brazing fluxes, brazing atmospheres, and brazing joint clearances are also included.iiAWS B2.2/B2.2M:2010International Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-762-7American Welding Society550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 2009 by American Welding SocietyAll right
5、s reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaAmended: April 22, 2010Photocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the c
6、opyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriatefee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Cent
7、er, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet:.iiiAWS B2.2/B2.2M:2010Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are volunt
8、ary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations
9、of other govern-mental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWSstandards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part ofthose laws and regulations. In all cases, these stan
10、dards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other documentthat invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirementsof an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are deve
11、loped through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While the AWS administers theprocess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, ev
12、alu-ate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectl
13、y resulting from the publication, use of, or relianceon this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any informationpublished herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for
14、oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of r
15、easonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions are entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. Users should ensure that they have the latest edition.Publication
16、 of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement ofany patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this stand
17、ard.Finally, the AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are postedon the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpre
18、tations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 550 N.W. LeJeune Ro
19、ad, Miami, FL 33126 (see Annex G).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only
20、 the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an offi
21、cial interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS B2 Committee on Procedure and Performance Qualification.It must be reviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recom-mendations, additions, or deletions) and any pe
22、rtinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are requiredand should be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS B2Committee on Procedure and Performance Qualification and the author of the comments will be informed of theCommittees resp
23、onse to the comments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS B2 Committee on Procedureand Performance Qualification to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decisionconcerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activ
24、ities Committee. A copy ofthese Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.This page is intentionally blank.ivAWS B2.2/B2.2M:2010vAWS B2.2/B2.2M:2010PersonnelAWS B2 Committee on Procedure and Performance QualificationJ. J. Fluckiger, Chair Idaho N
25、ational LaboratoryJ. L. Cooley, 1st Vice Chair J. C. B2.2, Specification for Brazing Procedure and Performance Qualifica-tion; B2.3, Specification for Soldering Procedure and Performance Qualification; and B2.4, Specification for WeldingProcedure and Performance Qualification for Thermoplastics.This
26、 is the third edition of AWS B2.2, Specification for Brazing Procedure and Performance Qualification. AWS B2.2was first published in 1985. AWS B2.2-85, Standard for Brazing Procedure and Performance Qualification, was firstrevised in 1991. This edition supersedes B2.2-91 and has renamed the standard
27、. Also incorporated into this standard arefour amendments correcting 4.3.11.2 to require a minimum overlap, standardizing the magnification requirements formacroetch tests in 4.2.5.1 and 5.3.3.2, and clarifying verbiage for visual examination in 5.2.1. Underlined text in clauses,tables, or figures i
28、ndicates an editorial or technical change from the 1991 edition. A vertical line in the margin also indicatesa revision from the 1991 edition.This standard originated in the B2A Subcommittee on Brazing Qualification. The B2A Subcommittee was formed in theearly 1980s in order to explicitly address th
29、e unique requirements of brazing procedure and brazing performance qualifi-cation outside the spectrum of B2.1, Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification.Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary,AWS B2 Com
30、mittee on Procedure and Performance Qualification, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road,Miami, FL 33126.This page is intentionally blank.viiiAWS B2.2/B2.2M:2010ixAWS B2.2/B2.2M:2010Table of ContentsPage No.Personnel vForeword.viiList of Tables.xList of Figures.xList of Forms.x1. Scope.11.
31、1 Base Metals11.2 Filler Metals.22. Normative References .23. Terms and Definitions .34. Brazing Procedure Qualification .44.1 General.44.2 Test Brazements and Acceptance Criteria .54.3 Qualification Variables 75. Brazing Performance Qualification.145.1 General.145.2 Qualification by Visual Examinat
32、ion.145.3 Qualification by Specimen Testing155.4 Qualification Variables for Brazers .165.5 Qualification Variables for Brazing Operators 17Annex A (Normative)Brazing Flow Positions, Specimens, Tension Test, Bend Test, and Suggested Forms23Annex B (Normative)Base Metal Groups 37Annex C (Normative)Fi
33、ller Metal Groups .53Annex D (Informative)Brazing Fluxes.61Annex E (Informative)Brazing Atmospheres.63Annex F (Informative)Brazing Joint Design 65Annex G (Informative)Guidelines for the Preparation of Technical Inquiries.67List of AWS Documents on Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification69xAW
34、S B2.2/B2.2M:2010List of TablesTable Page No.4.1 Procedure Qualification Test Brazement .94.2 Thickness Range Qualified for Butt, Scarf, and Lap Joints.95.1 Base Metals Qualified185.2 Brazing Test Position Qualified by Position of Test Brazement18B.1 Base Metal Groups.39C.1 Filler Metal Groups54D.1
35、Classification of Brazing Fluxes with Brazing or Braze Welding Filler Materials .61E.1 Brazing Atmosphere Types 63F.1 Joint Clearance.65List of FiguresFigure Page No.4.1 Cutting Plan of Test Brazement for Butt Joints in Plate 104.2 Cutting Plan of Test Brazement for Lap Joints, Single and Double Spl
36、iced Butt Joints, andRabbet Joints in Plate.114.3 Cutting Plan of Test Brazement for Lap Joints and Single and Double Spliced Butt Joints in Plate 124.4 Cutting Plan of Test Brazement for Procedure Qualification Joints in Pipe and Tube of GreaterThan 3 in 75 mm Outside Diameter 134.5 Typical Workman
37、ship Test Brazements.135.1 Plate Performance QualificationSection Testing .195.2 Plate Performance QualificationPeel Testing.205.3 Pipe Performance Qualification .21A.1A Brazing Test Positions25A.1B Qualified Production Position(s)26A.2A TensionReduced Section for Butt and Scarf JointsPlate27A.2B Te
38、nsionReduced Section for Butt, Lap, and ScarfPipe28A.2C TensionReduced Section for Lap and Rabbet JointsPlate29A.2D TensionFull Section for Lap, Scarf, and Butt JointsSmall Diameter Pipe.30A.3A Bend Specimen for Butt Joints.31A.3B Bend Test for Butt Joints32List of FormsForm Page No.A-1 Brazing Proc
39、edure Specification (BPS).33A-2 Brazing Procedure Qualification Record (BPQR) .34A-3 Brazing Performance Qualification Record.36AWS B2.2/B2.2M:201011. ScopeThis specification provides the requirements for qualification of Brazing Procedure Specifications (BPSs). This specifi-cation also provides req
40、uirements for the performance qualification of brazers and brazing operators. This specificationis intended for use where referenced by a product standard or contract document.Employers shall be responsible for the brazing done by their organization, including the use of qualified brazing pro-cedure
41、s, qualified brazers, and qualified brazing operators. It is the Employers responsibility to assure that BrazingProcedure Specifications meet any additional requirements of the Referencing Document. Each Employer shall maintainthe applicable Brazing Procedure Specifications, Brazing Procedure Qualif
42、ication Records (BPQRs), and Brazing Per-formance Qualification Records during the period of their use.When not otherwise specified by the Referencing Document, the edition of this specification to be used shall be estab-lished in accordance with the following: (1) editions may be used at any time a
43、fter the effective date of issue; (2) the latestedition of this document should be used for new contracts; (3) editions established by contract date may be used during theentire term of the contract, or the provisions of later editions may be used when agreed upon by the contracting parties.This doc
44、ument is intended primarily for use with the following brazing processes:(1) Torch Brazing (TB)(2) Furnace Brazing (FB)(3) Induction Brazing (IB)(4) Resistance Brazing (RB)(5) Dip Brazing (DB)(6) Infrared Brazing (IRB)(7) Diffusion Brazing (DFB)This standard makes use of both U.S. Customary Units an
45、d the International System of Units (SI). The latter are shownwithin brackets ( ) or in appropriate columns in tables and figures. The measurements may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system must be used independently.Safety and health issues and concerns are beyond the scope of this standa
46、rd and therefore are not fully addressed herein.Safety and health information is available from other sources, including, but not limited to, ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Weld-ing, Cutting, and Allied Processes, and applicable federal, state, and local regulations.1.1 Base Metals. The grouping of base meta
47、ls by Base Metal Number (BM No.) in Table B.1 has been made on the basisof metallurgical compatibility, chemical composition, and brazeability to decrease the number of required brazing quali-fications. The grouping does not imply that base metals may be indiscriminately substituted within the same
48、BM No.without consideration of their applicability. For some materials or combinations of materials, additional tests may berequired by the procuring activity, the Referencing Document, or the design engineer.Specification for Brazing Procedureand Performance QualificationAWS B2.2/B2.2M:20102Base me
49、tals are identified by their American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), American Bureau of Shipping(ABS), or Unified Numbering System (UNS) designations. Cross reference specifications, listed in the Unified Number-ing System for Metals and Alloys opposite a given UNS No., are included in the same BM No. group as the given UNSNo. An American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) designation, which is the same as an ASTM designationpreceded by the letter S, is included in the same BM No. group.Eight categories are included as follows:(1) Ferrous metals (BM Nos.
