1、StructuralWelding CodeSteelAWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015An American National Standardsecond printing, March 2016AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteJuly 28, 2015Structural Welding CodeSteel23rd EditionSupersedes AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2010Prepared by the
2、American Welding Society (AWS) D1 Committee on Structural WeldingUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis code covers the welding requirements for any type of welded structure made from the commonly used carbon andlow-alloy constru
3、ctional steels. Clauses 1 through 9 constitute a body of rules for the regulation of welding in steelconstruction. There are nine normative and eleven informative annexes in this code. A Commentary of the code isincluded with the document.AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015iiISBN: 978-0-87171-864-8 2015 by American
4、 Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaErrata: Second Printing, March 2016Photocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without
5、the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriatefee is
6、 paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet:.iiiAWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the Ame
7、ricanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws
8、 and regulations, or the regulations of other governmen-tal bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standardsmust be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those lawsand
9、regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokesthe AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWSstandard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS
10、 American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers the pro-cess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus,
11、 it does not independently test, evaluate,or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential, or co
12、mpensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or relianceon this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information pub-lished herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render
13、professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent profession
14、al in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. This standard may also be corre
15、cted through publica-tion of amendments or errata, or supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editions of AWSstandards including amendments, errata, and addenda is posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Users shouldensure that they have the latest edition, amendments, er
16、rata, and addenda.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement ofany patent or product trade name resulti
17、ng from the use of this standard.AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are postedon the AWS Webpage (www.aws.org).Of
18、ficial interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 8669
19、 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166 (see Annex N).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions
20、represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitu
21、te for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS D1 Committee on Structural Welding. It must be reviewedevery five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions,or deletions) and any pertinent d
22、ata that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should be addressed toAWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS D1 Committee on Structural Weld-ing and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to the comments. Guest
23、s are invited toattend all meetings of the AWS D1 Committee on Structural Welding to express their comments verbally. Procedures forappeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Ac-tivities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be o
24、btained from the American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130,Miami, FL 33166.This page is intentionally blank.ivAWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015vAWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015DedicationThis 23rd edition of AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015, StructuralWelding CodeSteel, is dedicated by the D1 Committeeon Structural Welding and the D1Q
25、 Subcommittee onSteel Structures to Keith Landwehr. In his 15 years ofservice, Keith contributed 30 years of expertise to thedevelopment of the D1.1, Structural Welding CodeSteel, D1.4, Structural Welding CodeReinforcing Steel,D1.8, Structural Welding CodeSeismic Supplement, andother national standa
26、rds. The D1 community will for-ever miss Keith for his commitment, but more impor-tantly, for his friendship and wise counsel, and hopesthat this dedication will inspire the structural weldingcommunity to excellence as Keith did in his service.This page is intentionally blank.viAWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015vi
27、iAWS D1.1/D1.1M:2015PersonnelAWS D1 Committee on Structural WeldingA. W. Sindel, Chair Alstom Power Steam, IncorporatedT. L. Niemann, Vice Chair Minnesota Department of TransportationR. D. Medlock, 2nd Vice Chair High Steel Structures, LLCJ. Molin, Secretary American Welding SocietyF. G. Armao The L
28、incoln Electric CompanyE. L. Bickford Acute Technological ServicesT. M. Burns AlcoTec Wire CorporationH. H. Campbell, III Pazuzu EngineeringR. D. Campbell BechtelR. B. Corbit CB coincident with this, the D1.1code changed references of buildings and bridges to statically loaded and dynamically loaded
29、 structures, respectively, inorder to make the document applicable to a broader range of structural applications. After the publishing of the 2010 edi-tion, it was decided that the AWS Structural Welding CodeSteel would be published on a five year revision cycleinstead of a two year revision cycle.
30、This was done in order to sync the publication cycle of AWS Structural WeldingCode-Steel with the publication cycles of the AISC Steel Building Specification and the International Building Code.This 2015 edition is the 23rd edition of D1.1.Underlined text in the clauses, subclauses, tables, figures,
31、 or forms indicates a change from the 2010 edition. A verticalline in the margin of a table or figure also indicates a change from the 2010 edition.The following is a summary of the most significant technical changes contained in D1.1/D1.1M:2015:The 2015 edition of the code has been reorganized. The
32、 tubular provisions, tables, and figures previously locatedthroughout the code are now within Clause 9 entitled “Tubular Structures.” The reorganization required numerous refer-ence changes and renumbering of the subclauses, tables, and figures. Many of the tables in Clause 4 contained provisionsfor
33、 Plate as well as Pipe or Tubing. The tables have been divided to only include Plate if contained in Clause 4 and Pipeor Tubing if contained in Clause 9. This separation of the information contained in the tables also resulted in manychanges to the footnotes delineated in the tables.Clauses 1, 7, an
34、d 8 have only been slightly impacted by the reorganization. However, Clauses 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 have beengreatly impacted with the reorganization.Summary of ChangesClause/Table/Figure/Annex ModificationClause 2 The most significant change to Clause 2 from the 2010 edition is that Part D entitled “Spe
35、cificRequirements for Design of Tubular Connections (Statically or Cyclically Loaded)” has beenrelocated to Clause 9.2.4.2.7 Additional language was added regarding the calculation of effective throat of a combinationPJP flare bevel groove weld and fillet weld.xviAWS D1.1/D1.1M:20152.9.3.5 Added pro
36、visions for wrapping welds on opposite sides of a common plane to permit sealwelding.Table 2.5 Fatigue curve cases and figures revised to agree with AISC 360.3.7.4 Shielding gas provisions revised to permit the use of electrodes classified to AWS A5.36. 3.13.2.1 New subclause that provides condition
37、s under which backing other than steel may be used inprequalified WPSs.Table 3.1 Reformatted the table moving filler metals in corresponding groups in Table 3.2. Updated the listof base metals permitted in prequalified WPSs and corrected the group of some base metalgrades.Table 3.2 New table for fil
38、ler metal requirements that contains the information previously contained inTable 3.1 with the addition of a classification for A5.36 for carbon and low-alloy steel electrodesfor FCAW and metal cored electrodes for GMAW processes.Table 3.3 (Previously Table 3.2) Revised the base metals to correspond
39、 with those in Table 3.1Table 3.4 (Previously Table 3.3) Addition of AWS A5.36.Table 3.7 (Previously Table 3.6) Clarification of a SAW parameter variable.Notes for Figures 3.2 and 3.3Addition of note “O” permitting various orientations of connected elements in CJP Groove, T-,and Corner joints.Figure
40、 3.5 New figure for prequalified fillet weld joint details.Figure 3.6 New figure for prequalified CJP groove, T-, and corner joints.4.12.3 Restructured for easier reading.4.21 (Previously 4.25, 4.26, 4.30) Reorganized “Extent of Qualification.”4.27.7 (Previously 4.36.7) Clarified CVN Test requiremen
41、ts when sub-sized specimens are tested.Tables 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.10, and 4.11The information found in the tables that referenced pipes and tubing are now contained in thetables found in Clause 9.Tables 4.5, 4.6, and 4.9Added provisions for electrodes classified to AWS A5.36.5.3.2.5 Additional lan
42、guage and clarification regarding baking requirements when welding with low-hydrogen electrodes for ASTM A514 and A517 steels.5.3.4 Reorganized the list of AWS Filler metal specifications for GMAW and FCAW as well as addedAWS A5.36.5.6 Clarified language regarding preheat and interpass temperatures.
43、5.7 Moved language regarding oxygen gouging to 5.14.6 and 5.25.5.8.1 Revised for clarification.5.8.3 Revised to delete ASTM A709 100 (690) and 100W (690W) and to include ASTM A709 GradeHPS 100W HPS 690W per ASTM.5.9 (Previous 5.9 entitled “Backing, Backing Gas, or Inserts” was deleted) (Previously 5
44、.10)Restructured for clarification. Summary of Changes (Continued)Clause/Table/Figure/Annex ModificationxviiAWS D1.1/D1.1M:20155.9.1.3 (Previously 5.10.3) “Backing Thickness” was revised to make a general requirement that steelbacking be of sufficient thickness to prevent melt-through. The explicit
45、thicknesses previouslyrequired were moved to commentary as recommendations.5.14.15.14.4 (Previously 5.15) Substrate cleanliness requirements were significantly revised.5.14.6 (Previously 5.15.2) Revised to clarify when oxygen gouging is permitted.5.17.2 (Previously 5.18.2) Revised for clarity regard
46、ing when locations of the depth of the web fromtension flanges of beams or girders are considered outside the tension zone.5.19 (Previously 5.20) Revised provisions regarding the location and sequence of member and elementsplices. 5.25 (Previously 5.26) Revised to limit oxygen gouging to as-rolled s
47、teels.Table 5.8 (Previously Table 5.9) Note c revised to clarify when welds are exempt from reinforcement andconvexity limitations.Table 5.9 (Previously Table 5.10) Minimum allowable convexity was eliminated from Schedule D foroutside corner joints. Table footnote b was rewritten regarding restricti
48、on on convexity wasreplaced with a note regarding concavity and now applies to Schedules B and D.6.4.2 Revised to clarify as to what a welder, welding operator, or tack welder must demonstrate, whentheir work appears to be below the requirements of the code.6.4.3 Revised to include tack welder.6.10
49、Revised to replace “applicable requirements” with “acceptance criteria.”6.11 Revised to remove ASTM A709 Grades 100 and 100W and include ASTM A709 Grade HPS100W HPS 690W.6.21.1 (Previously 6.22.1) Reference added to new Table 6.8 showing qualification and calibrationrequirements. 6.24.2 Revised to clarify when calibration for sensitivity and horizontal sweep shall be made.Table 6.1 Revised to remove ASTM A709 Grades 100 and 100W and include ASTM A709 Grade HPS100W HPS 690W.Tables 6.4 and 6.5 Revised to remove the tubular provisions, now contained in Tables found in Clause 9.Tab
