1、 ANSI/AWWA B703-11 (Revision of ANSI/AWWA B703-06) AWWA Standard Effective date: Nov. 1, 2011. First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors July 30, 1954. This edition approved June 12, 2011. Approved by American National Standards Institute Aug. 17, 2011. 6666 West Quincy Avenue Advocacy Denve
2、r, CO 80235-3098 Communications T 800.926.7337 Conferences www.awwa.org Education and TrainingScience and TechnologySections The Authoritative Resource on Safe WaterFluorosilicic Acid SM Copyright 2011 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. ii AWWA Standard This document is an Americ
3、an Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifi- cations. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by th
4、e user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is
5、entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or codes of any governmental authority. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory serv
6、ice. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the Official Notice section of Journal AWWA. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal AWWA publication of the official notice. American
7、 National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does
8、 not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. Ameri- can National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to o
9、btain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encouraged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards.
10、 Caution n oti Ce : The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm,
11、 revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036;
12、 (212) 642-4900, or e-mailing infoansi.org. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotati
13、ons for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Copyright 2011 by American Water Works Association Printed in USA Copyright 2011 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. iii Committee Personnel The AWWA Standards Committee on Fluorides, which reviewed and appr
14、oved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval: David W. Heumann, Chair Gus Navar, Secretary General Interest Members F. Barker, Department of Public HealthRadiation Control Program, Dorchester, Mass. (NEW WA) K. Duchon, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, G
15、a. (USCDC) H.C. Liang, Tetra Tech, Denver, Colo. (AWWA) M.L. Magnant, Department of Public Health, Des Moines, Iowa (AWWA) C. Marcos, Northeast Pump June 18, 1971; Jan. 30, 1984; Jan. 29, 1989; Jan. 30, 1994; Jan. 23, 2000; and Feb. 12, 2006. This edition was prepared by the AWWA Standards Committee
16、 on Fluorides and approved on June 12, 2011. I.C. Acceptance. In September 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certification program for d
17、irect and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the original consortium included the American Water Works Association Research Foundation (AwwaRF, now Water Research Foundation ) and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). The American Water Works Associatio
18、n (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later. In April 1990, USEPA formally withdrew its list of acceptable drinking water additives, and regulatory oversight of direct and indirect drinking water additives passed to the process developed by the consortium
19、 under the leadership of NSF. In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with, drinking water rests with individual states. Local agencies may choose to impose requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health effects of products
20、 and drinking water additives from such products, state and local agencies may use various references, including two standards developed under the direction of NSF, NSF /ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects (NSF/ANSI 60), and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System Components Health
21、Effects (NSF/ANSI 60). NSF, in cooperation with ASDWA, does a biennial * AWWA Manual M4, Water Fluoridation Principles and Practices, AWWA, Denver, Colo. Water Research Foundation, 6666 W. Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235. Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority hav
22、ing jurisdiction. NSF International, 789 N. Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. Copyright 2011 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. ix survey of the US state and Canadian provinces/territories to determine which states and provinces/territories require, by legislation, regulations o
23、r policies that products and drinking water additives be evaluated by NSF/ANSI 60 and 61. Survey results from 2009 show adoption of NSF/ANSI 60 by 47 states and 9 provinces/territories, and adoption of NSF/ANSI 61 by 46 states and 11 provinces/territories. Several organizations are accredited by nat
24、ional or international third-party agen- cies to certify products in accordance with NSF/ANSI 60. States, provinces/territories, local agencies, and water utilities can determine which certification organizations are acceptable within their individual jurisdictions. Annex A, “Toxicology Review and E
25、valuation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 60 does not stipulate a total allowable concentration (TAC) or a single product allowable con- centration (SPAC) value of a contaminant for substances not regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The TACs and SPACs of an unspecified list of “unre
26、gulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines (noncarcino- gens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier. ANSI/AWWA B703 addresses additives requirements in Sec. 4.3 of the standard. The t
27、ransfer of contaminants from chemicals to processed water or to residual solids is becoming a problem of greater concern. Sec. 4.3.3 recommends that material covered by this standard be certified by an accredited agency for compliance with NSF/ANSI 60. As noted above, most states and provinces/terri
28、tories require that direct additives be certified to NSF/ANSI 60. A user of this standard should consult with the state, province/territory, or local agency having jurisdiction for certification requirements, but the user may require certification even in the absence of such a requirement by the age
29、ncy having jurisdiction. II. Special Issues. II.A. Storage, Handling, and Safety Precautions. Fluorosilicic acid must be handled carefully because it is corrosive. If the acid comes in contact with skin, the affected parts should be immediately rinsed thoroughly for at least 15 min with water. Then
30、apply 2.5 percent calcium gluconate gel liberally to areas suspected of fluorosilicic acid contact, paying particular attention to areas under the fingernails. It is recommended that a supply of the gel be kept on-site wherever fluorosilicic acid is handled or stored. Prompt medical attention should
31、 follow. For information on safety, refer to the material safety data sheets (MSDS) available from the chemical supplier or manufacturer. Protective safety gear should be worn when handling fluorosilicic acid. The following protective clothing and equipment should be the minimum available: Copyright 2011 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
