1、AWWA Standard SM Reduced-Pressure Principle Backflow Prevention Assembly Effective date: Sept. 1, 2017. First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors June 23, 1991. This edition approved Jan. 14, 2017. Approved by American National Standards Institute Jan. 24, 2017. ANSI/AWWA C511-17 (Revision o
2、f ANSI/AWWA C511-07) Copyright 2016 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. ii AWWA Standard This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and admi
3、nistrative information normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA pub- lication of a standard does not con
4、stitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or code of any governmental authority. AWWA s
5、tandards are intended to represent a consensus of the water industry that the product described will provide satisfactory ser- vice. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the Official Notice section of Journal American Water Wo
6、rks Association. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal American Water Works Association publication of the official notice. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope
7、 and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marke
8、ting, purchasing, or using products, processes, or proce - dures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cau- tioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encourage
9、d to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards. Caution n oti Ce : The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this sta
10、ndard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American
11、National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036; 212.642.4900; or emailing infoatansi.org. hours of work by your fellow water professionals. Revenue from the sal
12、es of this AWWA material supports ongoing product development. Unauthorized distribution, either electronic or photocopied, is illegal and hinders AWWAs mission to support the water community. This AWWA content is the product of thousands of ISBN-13, print: 978-1-62576-254-2 eISBN-13, electronic: 97
13、8-1-61300-441-8 DOI: http:/dx.doi.org/10.12999/AWWA /C511.17 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief ex
14、cerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Copyright 2017 by American Water Works Association Printed in USAiii Committee Personnel The AWWA Standards Committee on Backflow Preventers, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following person
15、nel at the time of approval: John F. Graham, Chair General Interest Members S.F. Asay, Backflow Prevention Institute IAPMO, Westminster, Colo. (AWWA) S. Cleary,* IAPMO/ASSE, Scranton, Pa. (AWWA) D.M. Flancher, Standards Engineers Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA) S.J. Garner, CaliforniaNevada Sect
16、ion, West Sacramento, Calif. (AWWA) S. Gould, Atkins Global, Austin, Texas (AWWA) B.R. Hardin, Hardin & Associates Consulting LLC, Irving, Texas (AWWA) K.J. Kelly, Kevin Kelly PE PC, Pine Bush, N.Y. (AWWA) F.E. Kenney Jr., New England Water Works Association, Medway, Mass. (NEWWA) D.S. Schwartz, Sta
17、ndards Council Liaison, City of Waynesboro, Waynesboro, Va. (AWWA) P.H. Schwartz, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif. (AWWA) R.C. Williams, United States Public Health Service, Norcross, Ga. (CDC) Producer Members C. Corral, Zurn Industries LLC, Paso Robles, Calif. (AWWA) L.W. Fle
18、ury Jr., Mueller Group, Smithfield, R.I. (AWWA) J. Hawkins, Watts Water Technologies Inc., North Andover, Mass. (AWWA) J.F. Higdon, Apollo Valves/Conbraco Industries Inc., Pageland, N.C. (AWWA) A. Kobliner, A.R.I. Flow Control Solutions, Kibbutz Kfar Haruv, Israel (AWWA) H. Ohren,* Apollo Valves/Con
19、braco Industries Inc., Matthews, N.C. (AWWA) S. Perry,* Watts Water Technologies Inc., Woodland, Calif. (AWWA) L.J. Ruffin, L.J. Ruffin & Associates, Orlando, Fla. (AWWA) User Members R.A. Coates, 300 Engineering Group, Bloomfield, Conn. (AWWA) T.M. Dolan, Tualatin Valley Water District, Beaverton,
20、Ore. (AWWA) * Alternate Liaison, nonvoting Copyright 2016 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. iv J.F. Graham, California Water Service Company, Chico, Calif. (AWWA) L.W. Pawluk, Metro Vancouver, Vancouver, Canada (AWWA) S.Y. Tung, City of Houston, Houston, Texas (AWWA) Copyright 2
21、016 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. v Contents All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format may be found in a particular standard. SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE Foreword I Introduction vii I.A Background . vii I.B History vii I.C
22、Acceptance . viii II Special Issues ix II.A Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) Parts ix II.B Chlorine and Chloramine Degradation of Elastomers x III Use of This Standard . x III.A Purchaser Options and Alternatives . x III.B Modification to Standard . xi IV Major Revisions xi V Comments . xi Stan
23、dard 1 General 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Purpose . 1 1.3 Application 2 2 References 2 3 Definitions . 3 4 Requirements 4.1 Materials . 4 4.2 General Design . 6 4.3 Detailed Design 7 4.4 Workmanship . 12 5 Verification 5.1 Testing and Uniformity . 12 6 Delivery 6.1 Marking 13 6.2 Preparation for Shipment. 13 6
24、.3 Affidavit of Compliance 13 Tables 1 Parameters for Reduced-Pressure Principle Backflow Prevention Assembly . 6 2 Pressure Differential Relief Valve Discharge Rates . 10 3 Thermal Test Minimum Flow Rates . 11 Copyright 2016 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. This page intention
25、ally blank.vii Foreword This foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI*/AWWA C511. I. Introduction. I.A. Background. The production and preservation of safe potable water are the objectives of greatest priority for public water utilities and other agencies having jurisdiction. When
26、safe water has been produced and put into the public distribution system, precautions must be taken to be certain that it is not contaminated with water or liquids from other sources. Most water-using premises may have actual or potential cross-connection hazards. The water distribution systems of s
27、ome premises served by public water systems, such as hotels, hospitals, and industrial plants, can be quite complex. On these premises, contaminated backflow into the public system can be a result of either backpressure or backsiphonage from appliances and equipment or from cross-connection with oth
28、er sources of supply. Cross-connection control programs usually will require that back- flow prevention assemblies be installed at the water-service connections to premises where potentially hazardous conditions exist. Water users (utility customers) have a clearly implied responsibility to protect
29、the safety of the water in the public supply system. Water users must also protect the integrity of the water supply on their own premises. Protection of a buildings piping system must be done in accordance with the requirements of the local authority having jurisdiction. Cross-connection hazards va
30、ry widely in degree. Generally, the degree of protection against backflow resulting from a cross-connection should be commensurate with the degree of hazard. Two types of backflow prevention assemblies are commonly used: the double check-valve assembly and the reduced-pressure principle assembly. If
31、 local regula- tions or ordinances do not specify the type to use or the conditions under which one or the other may be used, recommendations may be found in AWWA Manual M14, Back- flow Prevention and Cross-Connection Control: Recommended Practices. I.B. History. The Conference of State Sanitary Eng
32、ineers (CSSE) and the American Water Works Association (AWWA) appointed the Joint Committee on Backflow Preventers and Cross-Connection Control in September 1959 to carry out the recommendations of an earlier joint committee. These recommendations were * American National Standards Institute, 25 Wes
33、t 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036. Copyright 2016 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. viii included in the joint committees final report published in the December 1958 edition of Journal AWWA. The first work of the committee resulted in AWWA Manual M14, which was pub
34、 - lished in the April 1966 edition of Journal AWWA. After publication of AWWA Manual M14, the committee produced a standard that received final approval from the AWWA Board of Directors on Jan. 27, 1969, and was designated as AWWA C506-69, Backflow Prevention DevicesReduced- Pressure Principle and
35、Double Check Valve Types. Revision of ANSI/AWWA C506 was approved in 1978. The 1978 edition was subsequently reaffirmed without revision in 1983. In 1989, ANSI/AWWA C506-78 was separated into two standards: ANSI/AWWA C510 covers the double check-valve backflow prevention assembly, and ANSI/AWWA C511
36、 covers the reduced-pressure principle backflow prevention assembly. The second revision of ANSI/AWWA C511 was approved on June 15, 1997. The third edition was approved June 24, 2007. This edition was approved on Jan. 14, 2017. I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (US
37、EPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certification program for direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the original consortium included the Water Research Foundatio
38、n (formerly AwwaRF*) and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). The American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later. In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact wit
39、h, drinking water rests with individual states. Local agencies may choose to impose requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local agencies may use various references, including
40、 1. Specific policies of the state or local agency. 2. Two standards developed under the direction of NSF : NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealth Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System ComponentsHealth Effects. * Water Research Foundation, 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO
41、 80235. Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction. NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. Copyright 2016 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. ix 3. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemica
42、ls Codex, Water Chemicals Codex,* and other standards considered appropriate by the state or local agency. Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in accor- dance with NSF/ANSI 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept or accredit certificati
43、on organizations within their jurisdictions. Accreditation of certi- fication organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 61 does not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not regula
44、ted by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines (noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A procedures may not always be identical, depending on the c
45、ertifier. ANSI/AWWA C511 does not address additives requirements. Thus, users of this standard should consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in order to 1. Determine additives requirements including applicable standards. 2. Determine the status of certifications by parties
46、 offering to certify products for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water. 3. Determine current information on product certification. In an alternative approach to inadvertent drinking water additives, some jurisdic- tions are calling for reduced lead limits for materials in contact with potab
47、le water. Various third-party certifiers have been assessing products against these lead content criteria, and a new ANSI-approved national standard, NSF/ANSI 372, Drinking Water System ComponentsLead Content, was published in 2010. On Jan. 4, 2011, legislation was signed revising the definition for
48、 “lead free” with the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) as it pertains to “pipe, pipe fittings, plumbing fittings, and fix- tures.” The changes went into effect Jan. 4, 2014. In brief, the new provisions to the SDWA require that these products meet a weighted average lead content of not more than 0.25
49、percent. II. Special Issues. II.A. Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) Parts. Parts installed during servicing and repair shall be provided by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) * Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001. Copyright 2016 America
