1、BRITISH STANDARD BS1016-107.2: 1991 Methods for Analysis and testing of coal and coke Part 107: Caking and swelling properties of coal Section 107.2 Assessment of caking power by Gray-King coke testBS1016-107.2:1991 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Solid Mineral
2、Fuels Standards Policy Committee, was published underthe authority of the Standards Board and comes intoeffect on 31 July1991 BSI09-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee referenceSFC/3 Draft for comment90/56252DC ISBN 0 580 19689 5 Committees responsible fo
3、r this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Solid Mineral Fuels Standards Policy Committee (SFC/-) to Technical Committee SFC/3, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Cement Association British Coal Corporation British Gas plc British Ste
4、el Industry Department of Trade and Industry (Standards and Quality Policy Unit, Quality, Design and Education Division) Electricity Supply Industry in United Kingdom GAMBICA (BEAMA Ltd) Institute of British Foundrymen Institute of Petroleum Power Generation Contractors Association (BEAMA Ltd) Amend
5、ments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS1016-107.2:1991 BSI 09-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 3 Principle 1 4 Reagents and materials 1 5 Apparatus 1 6 Preparation of test sample 5 7 Procedure 5 8 Expression of resul
6、ts 7 9 Precision 7 10 Test report 7 Figure 1 Example of single tube furnace 2 Figure 2 Example of multiple tube furnace 3 Figure 3 Retort tube 4 Figure 4 Gray-King coke type 8 Table 1 Standard anthracite 2 Table 2 Relationship between crucible swelling number and Gray-King coke type 5 Table 3 Identi
7、fication of Gray-King coke type 6 Table 4 Precision 7 Publication(s) referred to Inside back coverBS1016-107.2:1991 ii BSI 09-1999 Foreword This Section of BS1016 has been prepared under the direction of the Solid Mineral Fuels Standards Policy Committee. Part107 is a revision of the1980 edition of
8、BS1016-12, which is superseded and withdrawn. This Section replaces clause 6 in BS1016-12:1980, from which the principal change is that the standard anthracite is now specified as the only material for mixing with highly swelling coals (the electrode carbon having been omitted). Part107 is a further
9、 Part numbered under a scheme for rationalizing and restructuring BS1016. The new series, when complete, will begin with Part100, which will include a general introduction. The earlier series of Parts is as follows, with the new Part numbers (which will be given to revisions when they are published)
10、 in parentheses. Part 1: Total moisture of coal (Part101); Part 2: Total moisture of coke (Part102); Part 5: Gross calorific value of coal and coke (Part105); Part 6: Ultimate analysis of coal (Part106); Part 7: Ultimate analysis of coke (Part106); Part 8: Chlorine in coal and coke (Part106); Part 9
11、: Phosphorus in coal and coke (Part106); Part 10: Arsenic in coal and coke (Part106); Part 11: Forms of sulphur in coal (Part106); Part 14: Analysis of coal ash and coke ash (Part114); Part 15: Fusibility of coal ash and coke ash (Part113); Part 16: Methods for reporting results (Part100); Part 17:
12、Size analysis of coal (Part109); Part 18: Size analysis of coke (Part110); Part 20: Determination of Hardgrove grindability index of hard coal (Part112); Part 21: Determination of moisture-holding capacity of hard coal (Part103). The following Parts in the new series have been published. Part 104: P
13、roximate analysis; Part 107: Caking and swelling properties of coal; Part 108: Tests special to coke; Part 111: Determination of abrasion index of coal. Part107 is divided into four Sections as follows. Section 107.1: Determination of crucible swelling number; Section 107.2: Assessment of caking pow
14、er by Gray-King coke test; Section 107.3: Determination of swelling properties using a dilatometer; Section 107.4: Determination of plastic properties using a constant-torque Gieseler plastometer 1) . This Section is related to ISO502:1982, published by the International Organization for Standardiza
15、tion (ISO). The principal difference is that ISO502 specifies standard electrode carbon as the material for mixing with highly swelling coals (as well as allowing the use of equivalent materials). WARNING NOTE. This British Standard does not necessarily detail all the precautions necessary to comply
16、 with the requirements of the Health and Safety at Work etc.Act1974 or the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations1988. Attention should be paid to any appropriate precautions and the method should be operated only by trained personnel. 1) In preparation.BS1016-107.2:1991 BSI 09-1999 i
17、ii A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document compris
18、es a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi toiv, pages1 to8, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.iv blankBS1016-107.2:1991 BSI
19、 09-1999 1 1 Scope This Section of BS1016 describes a method of assessing the caking power of a coal by determining its Gray-King coke type. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Section of BS1016,
20、the definitions given in BS1017-1 apply, together with the following. Gray-King coke type the type, denoted by a letter, with a subscript in certain instances, which defines, by reference to a series of standard profiles, the size and texture of the coke residue obtained when a specified mass of coa
21、l is heated in a retort tube under specified conditions 3 Principle A test portion is heated in a retort tube to a final temperature of600 C. The coke residue obtained is classified by comparison with a photograph of a set of standard residues and a table of descriptions. 4 Reagents and materials 4.
22、1 Liquid paraffin, laboratory grade, density at20 C of0.83g/mL to0.86g/mL. 4.2 Standard anthracite, complying with Table 1 2) . 5 Apparatus 5.1 Balance, capable of weighing to the nearest0.01g. 5.2 Furnace, horizontal, electrically heated, designed either for separate determinations (single tube fur
23、nace) or for simultaneous determinations (multiple tube furnace). A single tube furnace shall have an internal diameter of50mm and a length of300mm, with one end closed and the other carrying a plug of insulating material which is bored centrally with a hole25mm in diameter. The winding of the furna
24、ce shall be such that the middle200mm is at a uniform temperature within 5 C at both300 C and600 C. Alternatively, the furnace may be constructed from an electrically-heated aluminium-bronze block, with one bore (single tube furnace) or several bores (multiple tube furnace) of diameter25mm. The furn
25、ace shall be thermally insulated and located in a cover of metal or other suitable material, and shall be equipped with a suitable thermocouple, lying above the retort tube, or tubes, when the latter is/are in position and with the junction at the centre of the furnace. An indicator shall be provide
26、d for showing the furnace temperature to an accuracy of 5 C. A suitable means of controlling the energy input shall also be provided to achieve an increase in temperature at a rate of5K/min. The furnace may be of the fixed type or mounted on rails. Suitable furnaces are shown in Figure 1 and Figure
27、2. 5.3 Retort tube (see Figure 3), of heat-resistant glass or transparent silica, internal diameter20mm and length300mm, closed at one end, with a side arm, internal diameter8mm and length50mm, at a distance of25mm from the open end. The tube shall be smooth and have either uniform bore or a slight
28、taper(19mm to21mm), such that the open end is the larger. 5.4 Positioning rod, with a flat disc, of diameter19mm, at one end to assist in the packing of the coal and marked to indicate the correct position of the free end of the test portion in the retort tube. 5.5 Means of disposing of the gas and
29、tar NOTEFor a single tube furnace, this may be a glass vessel of adequate size, suitably supported and attached to the side arm of the retort tube, fitted with an outlet tube leading to the atmosphere or to a piece of small bore silica tubing at the end of which the gas leaving the receiver can be b
30、urned or conducted to a fume extraction system. The receiver may conveniently be a U-tube which can be immersed in water. For a multiple tube furnace, the side arms of the retort tubes may be connected to a manifold and the tar collected in bulk, the crude gas being burnt in a mains gas flame (see F
31、igure 2). 2) For information on the availability of a suitable material, apply to Customer Information, BSI, Linford Wood, Milton Keynes MK146LE.BS1016-107.2:1991 2 BSI 09-1999 Table 1 Standard anthracite Property Test method Requirement % (m/m) Ash BS1016-104.4 lower than5 Volatile matter content B
32、S1016-104.3 lower than8 Size distribution Passing212m test sieve Passing125m test sieve Passing63m test sieve BS1016-17 100 90 to95 65 to75 Figure 1 Example of single tube furnaceBS 1016-107.2:1991 BSI 09-1999 3 Figure 2 Example of a multiple tube furnaceBS1016-107.2:1991 4 BSI 09-1999 Figure 3 Reto
33、rt tubeBS1016-107.2:1991 BSI 09-1999 5 6 Preparation of test sample The coal used for the determination of the Gray-King coke type is the general analysis sample, ground to pass a sieve of212 m aperture (seeclause 22 of BS1017-1:1989). Expose the sample in a thin layer for the minimum time required
34、for the moisture content to reach approximate equilibrium with the laboratory atmosphere. Prepare the test sample on the same day that the test is carried out. Immediately before weighing out the test portion (see7.2 or7.6), mix the test sample for at least1min, preferably by mechanical means. 7 Pro
35、cedure 7.1 General If the coke residue produced is so swollen that it fills the cross section of the retort tube, the determination is repeated with the coal admixed with a suitable quantity of standard anthracite. For these highly swelling coals the Gray-King coke type (designated G x ) is defined
36、by the minimum amount of standard anthracite (x g) required to produce a strong hard coke residue of the same volume as the original coal and standard anthracite mixture. NOTEAlthough there is no precise relationship between the crucible swelling number, determined by the method described in BS1016-
37、107.1, and the Gray-King coke type, Table 2 shows the broad relationship to be expected. This will be found useful for indicating the necessity for blending with standard anthracite and the probable amount required. The above relationship is known to be applicable to UnitedKingdom coals and is inten
38、ded only as a general guide. Table 2 Relationship between crucible swelling number and Gray-King coke type Raise the temperature of the furnace until it is steady at325 5 C. Then proceed as described in7.2 to7.5 or, if the coal is expected to produce a swollen, hard and strong coke, as described in7
39、.6. 7.2 Test portion Using the balance(5.1) weigh, to the nearest0.01g,20.00g to20.01g of the test sample and transfer it to the retort tube(5.3), held in such a manner that the coal cannot enter the side arm, allowing the coal to fall to the far end of the retort tube. Hold the tube horizontally wi
40、th the side arm vertically downwards, insert the positioning rod(5.4) so that the face of the disc is150mm from the closed end of the retort tube and spread the coal into a layer of uniform depth by shaking and turning. Withdraw the positioning rod and insert a flattened pad of heat-resistant materi
41、al to retain the coal in position. Without disturbing the position of the coal, close the open end of the retort tube with a heat-resisting stopper. 7.3 Preparation of the coke Insert the retort tube containing the test portion (see7.2) in position in the furnace(5.2), so that the centre of the coal
42、 layer coincides with the centre of the furnace, with the side arm connected to the means of disposing of the gas and tar(5.5). If the furnace is mounted on rails, clamp the retort tube in a horizontal position and run the furnace into position. Raise the energy input to the furnace in such a manner
43、 that the temperature of325 5 C is regained in3min to7min and maintain a uniform rate of rise of5K/min thereafter until a temperature of600 5 C is reached. Maintain this temperature for15min. Withdraw the retort tube (or retract the furnace) and allow it to cool. Detach the side arm connection, remo
44、ve the stopper and slide the coke residue out for examination. 7.4 Visual assessment of coke type Determine the coke type by comparison with the standard residues in Figure 4 and by reference to the descriptions in Table 3. If necessary, determine the volume of the coke as described in7.5. If the co
45、ke is assessed as being type G x(types G 1and G 2are shown in Figure 4 as examples), proceed as described in7.6. Crucible swelling number Gray-King coke type 0 to0.5 1 to4 4.5 to6 6.5 to8 8.5 to9 A to B C to G 2 F to G 4 G 3to G 9 G 7or aboveBS 1016-107.2:1991 6 BSI 09-1999 Table 3 Identification of
46、 Gray-King coke typeBS1016-107.2:1991 BSI 09-1999 7 7.5 Measurement of coke volume If the coke is not in one piece, glue it together using a suitable adhesive. Completely immerse the coke in the liquid paraffin(4.1) in a glass tube,180mm to200mm long, for15min. NOTE 1For swollen cokes that float, it
47、 is convenient to hold the coke below the surface of the paraffin using a piece of wire fixed into a cork pushed into the top of the tube. After immersion, remove the coke and allow it to drain for30min whilst lying in a horizontal position and supported on two narrow strips of wood or equivalent ma
48、terial. After draining, completely immerse the coke in water contained in a tube fitted with a side arm. Collect the displaced water and determine its volume, and hence that of the coke, to the nearest0.1cm 3 . NOTE 2The volume of the displaced water can be determined conveniently by weighing it and
49、 then calculating the volume from its density. 7.6 Examination of coals which produce swollen, hard and strong cokes Using the balance(5.1) weigh, to the nearest0.01g, y g of the standard anthracite(4.2), where y is an integer (being an estimate of the subscript of the coke type of the coal under test, see7.1), into a weighing bottle and add(20.00y)g, weighed to the nearest0.01g, of the test sample. Insert the stopper and mix the contents thoroughly. Treating the mixtu
