1、Designation: C 1162 90 (Reapproved 2004)e1Standard Test Method forLoose Density of Asbestos1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1162; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEAsbestos warning was moved from 7.1 to 1.3 in September 2004.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the loosedensity of asbe
3、stos fiber for Groups 5 to 9, inclusive.2 ,31.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated healthrisks for users and fo
4、r those with whom they come into contact.In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos, refer to “Safe Useof Chrysotile Asbestos: A Manual on Preventive and ControlMeasures.”41.4
5、This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specifichaza
6、rd warning, see 1.3.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:5D 2590 Test Method of Sampling Chrysotile AsbestosD 2946 Terminology Relating to AsbestosD 3639 Test Method for Classification of Asbestos byQuebec Standard TestD 3879 Test Method for Sampling Amphibole AsbestosE 177 Practice for Use of
7、the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods2.2 Other Standard:Quebec Standard Designation of Chrysotile Asbestos FiberGrades33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology D 2946.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test method consists of measuring the weight of a1770-cm3(116 ft3) volume of asb
8、estos fiber, and of computingthe loose density in kilograms per cubic meter (pounds percubic foot).5. Significance and Use5.1 Loose density gives an indication of the degree offiberization, harshness, and loftiness of asbestos fiber.6. Apparatus6.1 Container, 1770 cm3(116 ft3) in volume made of plas
9、tictubing 12.7 cm (5 in.) inner diameter, with 6-mm (0.25-in.)thick walls and 13.4-cm (5.5-in.) internal height (commerciallyavailable tubing). The bottom consists of a flat disk of the sameplastic cemented to the tubing.6.2 Scoop, capable of holding at least 2.8 dm3(0.1 ft3).6.3 Straight-edged Spat
10、ula or Ruler.7. Safety Hazards7.1 Warningsee 1.3.8. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units8.1 SamplingTake samples in accordance with TestMethod D 2590 in the case of chrysotile asbestos or TestMethod D 3879 in the case of amphibole asbestos.8.2 Test Specimens:8.2.1 The test specimen must exceed t
11、he volume of thecontainer by approximately 50 %. Therefore its volume mustbe at least 2.8 dm3(0.1 ft3).8.2.2 Two specimens are required.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber-Reinforced Cement Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC17.03 on Asbes
12、tosCement Sheet Products and Accessories.Current edition approved June 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approvedin 1990. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C 116290 (1999).2As determined by Test Method D 3639.3The classification is available from the Asbestos Institute, 1130 Sherbrook
13、e St.West, Suite 410 Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 2M8.4Available from The Asbestos Institute, http:/ referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document
14、Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.9. Procedure9.1 Place the specimen in the scoop and hold the latter 8 to10 cm (3 to 4 in.) above the container.9.2 Pour the specimen into the container u
15、sing a continuousshaking motion and fill the container to overflowing.9.3 Using the spatula, or a ruler, immediately level off thefiber to the top of the container. Do this in several passes toavoid compressing the fiber.9.4 Determine the mass of fiber contained in the measure tothe nearest 2 g (0.1
16、 oz).NOTE 1The mass in ounces is equivalent to the loose density inpounds per cubic foot.9.5 Repeat the procedure on the second specimen.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the loose density in kilograms per cubiccentimetre (pounds per cubic foot).10.2 Average the results of the two specimens.10.3 If equi
17、valent units are desired, divide results in kilo-grams per cubic metre by 16.03 to get pounds per cubic foot.11. Report11.1 Report results in kilograms per cubic centimetre(pounds per cubic foot).11.2 Fully identify the sample as to designation and origin.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Precision:12.1.1
18、The single-laboratory-apparatus multi-operatordayprecision (repeatability) is 62 % (two sigma limits expressedin units of percentage) (2S %) as defined in Practice E 177 overthe range of 160 to 1600 kg/m3(10 to 100 lb/ft3).12.1.2 A partial verification of the repeatability that con-firmed the above
19、data is on file at ASTM Headquarters.612.2 BiasNo justifiable statement on the bias can be madesince the true values of loose density cannot be established byan accepted referee method.13. Keywords13.1 asbestos; bulk; bulk density; loose densityASTM International takes no position respecting the val
20、idity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is sub
21、ject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headqua
22、rters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standa
23、rd is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).6Research Report available at ASTM International Headquarters. RequestRR:C17-1003.C 1162 90 (2004)e12
