1、BRITISH STANDARD CONFIRMED AUGUST 1992 BS 245:1976 Specification for Mineral solvents (whitespirit and related hydrocarbon solvents) for paints and other purposes UDC 667.629.2:66.061:665.73.033.2BS245:1976 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Petroleum Standards Co
2、mmittee, was published under the authority of the Executive Board on 30 November 1976 BSI 07-1999 First published May 1926 First revision July 1936 Second revision February 1956 Third revision November 1976 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PTC/8 D
3、raft for comment 74/54719 ISBN 0 580 09530 4 Cooperating organizations The Petroleum Standards Committee, under whose supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives of the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations: British Lubricants Fe
4、deration Ltd Chemical Industries Association Department of Industry, National Engineering Laboratory Hydrocarbon Solvents Association Ltd* Institute of Petroleum London Transport Executive Ministry of Defence The industrial organization marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the fo
5、llowing, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this British Standard: British Railways Board Dyers and Cleaners Research Organization Paint Research Association Paintmakers Association of Great Britain White Spirit Association Amendments issued since publicatio
6、n Amd. No. Dateofissue CommentsBS245:1976 BSI 07-1999 i Contents Page Cooperating organizations Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope and field of application 1 2 References 1 3 Required characteristics and their tolerances 1 4 Samples 1 Appendix A Method for the comparison of colour 3 Appendix B M
7、ethod for the determination of viscosity reduction power 3 Table 1 Required characteristics and their tolerances 2 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS245:1976 ii BSI 07-1999 Foreword This British Standard was originally published in 1926 and revised in 1936 and1956 under the title “White sp
8、irit”. The present edition has been prepared to bring the standard substantially into line with International Standard ISO 1250 “Mineral solvents for paints White spirits and related hydrocarbon solvents”, but it has been considered not necessary to include all the details of the test methods given
9、in ISO 1250 as some are already published in British Standard methods. In preparing this British Standard it has also been considered necessary to deviate from ISO 1250 in some details, notably in specifying a lower limit for residue on evaporation and the deletion of method B in the distillation te
10、st corresponding to Institute of Petroleum method IP 195/73; this method is not normally used in the UK for white spirit solvents. This British Standard is intended to cover the essential requirements for mineral solvents used in the paint industry and in other industries; these solvents may be cons
11、idered as falling into two categories according to aromatics content, namely: Type A, having an aromatics content less than 25 % (v/v); Type B, having an aromatics content of 25 % to 50 % (v/v). In the International Standard it was at first intended to use the simple title “White spirit”, but discus
12、sion showed that this term would not be generally acceptable for such a wide range of solvents because in some countries it is used with a much more restricted meaning. Accordingly a longer, but more explanatory, title was adopted for the International Standard and, therefore, for this corresponding
13、 British Standard. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This
14、document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1to4, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.BS245:1976 B
15、SI 07-1999 1 1 Scope and field of application This British Standard specifies the requirements for two categories of mineral solvents for use in paints and varnishes, and for other purposes, as follows: Type A, having an aromatics content below25%(v/v); Type B, having an aromatics content of 25 % to
16、 50 % (v/v). These materials meet the requirements of the Highly Flammable Liquids and Liquefied Petroleum Gases Regulations 1972 as not constituting “highly flammable liquids”. 2 References The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 3 Required c
17、haracteristics and their tolerances Mineral solvents consist essentially of a mixture of hydrocarbons, but the presence of a denaturant is permitted when agreed between the interested parties; the materials shall have the characteristics shown in Table 1. 4 Samples 4.1 Representative samples, each h
18、aving a volume of not less than 500ml, shall, wherever possible, be taken in triplicate from one or more original and previously unopened containers or from the bulk during packing, as may be agreed between the interested parties. Samples shall be packed in clean, dry, airtight bottles of dark glass
19、, or of clear glass provided they are protected from light. The containers shall be of such a size that they are nearly filled by the sample. Each sample container so filled shall be sealed with a material unaffected by the contents and marked with the full details and date of sampling. Guidance on
20、sampling is given in BS 4726. 4.2 If an agreed sample is required for the purpose of clause 3 in relation to odour, it shall comply in all other respects with the requirements of this specification. It shall have a volume of not less than500ml and shall be packed in the manner described in 4.1.BS245
21、:1976 2 BSI 07-1999 Table 1 Required characteristics and their tolerances Characteristic Requirement Test method (seenote) Clarity Clear, no solid matter present Visual inspection Undissolved water at 20 C Absent Visual inspection Odour If required by purchaser, to conform to agreed sample As agreed
22、 between the interested parties Colour Not darker than standard colour solution Appendix A Distillation at 1013 mbar: volume of condensate recovered These limits apply to mineral solvents with or without denaturant: notmorethan 1 ml below 130 C notmore than10 ml below 145 C notless than90 ml below 2
23、00 C end point, not above220 C BS 4349 Aromatics content Type A: less than 25% (v/v) Type B: 25% to 50 % (v/v) If required, more precise limits may be agreed between the interested parties BS4712 Residue on evaporation Not more than 5 mg per 100 ml BS 4348 using the method described for aviation and
24、 motor gasoline and the air-jet apparatus Neutrality Neutral By agreement between the interested parties, this requirement may be waived or modified in relation to denatured materials When 50 ml of sample is shaken with 10 ml of distilled water, the water layer shall be neutral to methyl orange Free
25、dom from objectionable sulphur compounds No more than slight tarnish of copper strip BS 4351:1971 using the procedure given in 7.1.2 Aniline point If required, to be agreed between the interested parties BS 4715 using 10 ml of both the sample and of aniline Flash point Not flashing at 32 C (90 F) BS
26、 3900-A8 Viscosity reduction power If required, to be agreed between the interested parties Appendix B NOTEThe following methods published by the Institute of Petroleum are technically identical with the test methods specified: Technically identical with BS 4348 BS 4349 BS4351:1971 BS4712 BS4715 AST
27、M D 381:IP 131 ASTM D 86:IP 123 ASTM D 130 68:IP154/69 ASTMD1319:IP156 IP 2BS245:1976 BSI 07-1999 3 Appendix A Method for the comparison of colour A.1 Standard colour solution. Dissolve 4.8 mg of pure anhydrous potassium dichromate in 1 litre of distilled water or deionized water of at least equal p
28、urity. A.2 Apparatus. Two 50ml Nessler cylinders complying with BS 612 with the height of the 50ml mark above the inside of the base matched to within1mm in the range 110mm to 116mm. A.3 Procedure. Pass the sample through a filter paper about 150mm in diameter and reject the first10ml of filtrate. F
29、ill one of the Nessler cylinders to the mark with the filtered sample, and the other with the standard colour solution. Place the cylinders vertically 75mm above the surface of an opaque opal glass sheet reflecting diffuse daylight, and compare the colour of the sample with that of the standard colo
30、ur solution. Report the colour of the sample as being equal to, or lighter or darker than the colour of the standard colour solution. A.4 Alternative methods. Alternative methods, employing permanent colour standards and giving results equivalent to the specified colour, may be used by agreement bet
31、ween the interested parties. Appendix B Method for the determination of viscosity reduction power B.1 Field of application. Viscosity reduction power is defined as the ratio of the viscosity of a resin dissolved in a control hydrocarbon solvent to the viscosity of a solution of the same resin at the
32、 same concentration in the hydrocarbon solvent under test. This method of test specifies a procedure for determining the comparative viscosity reduction power of mineral solvents for various types of resinous materials. B.2 Reagents B.2.1 Control solvent, a hydrocarbon solvent as agreed between the
33、interested parties. B.3 Apparatus B.3.1 Glass bottles of about 500ml capacity, some having a narrow mouth with a cork to fit, others having a wide mouth with screw cap and seal of aluminium foil. NOTEIf desired 500ml friction-top cans may be substituted. B.3.2 Balance, sensitivity of 0.05 g. B.3.3 M
34、ortar and pestle, or other suitable equipment for grinding hard resin. B.3.4 Mechanical agitator B.3.5 Temperature regulator, suitable for maintaining temperature at 25 0.5 C. B.3.6 Viscometers, of any approved type agreed between the interested parties, giving accurate results in centistokes, or re
35、sults that can be converted to centistokes 1) . NOTESuitable capillary viscometers are described in BS 188 and BS 4708. B.4 Procedure B.4.1 Preparation of solutions from hard resins. Prepare duplicate solutions as follows. Into a clean, dry, narrow-mouth bottle of about 500 ml capacity, weigh the ap
36、propriate quantity of freshly ground lump resin to the nearest 0.05 g (see note). Add the necessary volume of control solvent. The mass of resin and the volume of solvent shall be agreed between the interested parties and shall be in such proportion that the resultant solution has a viscosity of bet
37、ween 100 cSt and 500 cSt 1) . The total volume of the solution shall be at least 300 ml. Prepare a similar solution with an equivalent amount of the resin and the solvent under test. Cork the bottles tightly and dissolve the resin in the solvents by mixing at room temperature with a mechanical agita
38、tor until solution is complete. The test shall be discontinued if the solution is not perfectly clear, because this indicates incomplete compatibility of resin and solvent. When solution is complete, the bottles shall be allowed to stand at room temperature to eliminate air bubbles, but the viscosit
39、y shall be determined as soon as possible after the bubbles have cleared. NOTESince many resins are subject to oxidation in storage, only large lumps should be selected for grinding in order to minimize the effects of oxidation. The resin should be ground sufficiently fine to ensure rapid solution o
40、f the material but should not be ground to the consistency of a “flour” because it is difficult to handle in that state. 1) The SI unit for kinematic viscosity is square metre per second (m 2 /s); 1 centistokes (cSt) = 10 6 m 2 s/s = 1 mm 2 /s.BS245:1976 4 BSI 07-1999 B.4.2 Preparation of solutions
41、from liquid resins or resin solutions. Prepare duplicate solutions as follows. Into a clean, dry, wide-mouth bottle of about500 ml capacity, weigh the appropriate quantity of liquid resin or resin solution to the nearest 0.05g. If the resin or resin solution is very viscous, mild heating to a maximu
42、m temperature of50 C will facilitate transfer to the bottle in which the solution is to be prepared, care being taken that solvents in a resin solution are not allowed to evaporate. Add the necessary volume of control solvent. The mass of resin and the volume of solvent shall be agreed between the i
43、nterested parties and shall be in such proportion that the resultant solution has viscosity of between 100 cSt and500cSt. The total volume of the solution shall be at least300 ml. Prepare a similar solution with an equivalent amount of the liquid resin or resin solution and the solvent under test. C
44、ap the bottles tightly and dissolve the liquid resin or resin solution in the solvents by mixing at room temperature with a mechanical agitator for at least 15 min. When solution is complete, the bottles shall be allowed to stand at room temperature to eliminate air bubbles, but the viscosity shall
45、be determined as soon as possible after the bubbles have cleared. B.4.3 Determination of viscosity. If there is any lint or dirt in the solution after mixing is complete, the bottle shall be centrifuged before viscosity determinations are made. In order to obtain reliable data, duplicate solutions s
46、hall be prepared and tested. Determine the viscosity of each solution at25 C, using suitable temperature control, by means of any approved apparatus agreed between the interested parties. B.5 Calculation. Calculate the viscosity reduction power (VRP) as follows: where If the result is less than 100,
47、 the solvent under test has a lower VRP than the control solvent. If the result is greater than 100, the solvent under test has a higher VRP than the control solvent. B.6 Reproducibility. Results obtained in any one laboratory (mean of at least two determinations) should not be considered suspect un
48、less they deviate from the average of two or more laboratories by more than 15%. v 1 is the mean value of the viscosity of the solutions made with the control solvent (incSt) v 2 is the mean value of the viscosity of the solutions made with the solvent under test (in cSt)VRP v 1 v 2 - 100BS245:1976
49、BSI 07-1999 Publications referred to BS 188, Methods for the determination of the viscosity of liquids in c.g.s. units. BS 612, Nessler cylinders. BS 3900, Methods of test for paints. BS 3900-A8, Danger classification by flashpoint (closed cup method). BS 4348, Method for determination of existent gum in fuels by jet evaporation. BS 4349, Method for distillation of petroleum products. BS 4351, Method for detection of copper corrosion from petroleum products by the copper strip tarnish method. BS 4708, Method for determination of viscosity
