1、BS 437:2008Specification for cast iron drain pipes, fittings and their joints for socketed and socketless systemsICS 23.040.10, 23.040.40, 91.140.80NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displ
2、ayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 57781 9The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference PSE/10Draft for comment 08/30156969 DCPublication historyFirst published February 1932Second edition, June 1933Third e
3、dition (as BS 437-1), November 1970Fourth edition (as BS 437), October 1978Fifth (present) edition, April 2008Amendments issued since publicationAmd. no. Date Text affectedBS 437:2008 BSI 2008 iBS 437:2008ContentsForeword ii1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions 14 Technical requir
4、ements 35 Performance requirements for flexible joints 8AnnexesAnnex A (normative) Test methods 9Bibliography 12List of figuresFigure 1 Socket dimensions 4Figure 2 Sealing zones for couplings 5Figure A.1 Crush test apparatus for pipes 11List of tablesTable 1 Dimensions of pipes and fittings 3Table 2
5、 Socket dimensions 4Table 3 Sealing zone lengths 6Table 4 Mechanical properties of pipes, fittings and couplings 6Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 12, an inside back cover and a back cover.BS 437:2008ii BSI 2008ForewordPublishin
6、g informationThis British Standard is published by BSI and came into effect on 30 April 2008. It was prepared by Technical Committee PSE/10, Iron pipes and fittings. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.SupersessionThis British Standard su
7、persedes BS 437:1978+A1:1988, which is withdrawn.Information about this documentThis is a full revision of the standard, which now includes:a) performance requirements for the joints, based on the requirements of BS EN 877;b) socketless fittings not previously covered in BS 437;c) ductile iron coupl
8、ings for jointing socketless systems.The revision takes account of changes to the foundry practice concerned with the making of cast iron drain goods.Presentational conventionsThe provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Its requirements are expressed in sentences in w
9、hich the principal auxiliary verb is “shall”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented in smaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Requirements in this standard are drafted in accordance with The BSI guide to standardization Section 2: Rules for th
10、e structure, drafting and presentation of British Standards, subclause 11.3.1, which states, “Requirements should be expressed using wording such as: When tested as described in Annex A, the product shall .”. This means that only those products that are capable of passing the specified test will be
11、deemed to conform to this standard.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. BSI 2008
12、 1BS 437:20081 ScopeThis British Standard specifies the requirements for cast iron drain systems for use in buried applications or suspended within a basement, in areas not subject to fire regulations, where any pressure likely to occur is a maximum of 3.5 bar.NOTE In this standard, all pressures ar
13、e relative pressures, expressed in bars (100 kPa = 1 bar).The nominal sizes of the drain systems are DN 100, DN 150 and DN 225 inclusive.The standard specifies the requirements for materials, dimensions and tolerances, mechanical properties and surface condition for cast iron pipes and fittings. It
14、also indicates performance requirements for all components, including joints.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the refere
15、nced document (including any amendments) applies.BS EN 681-1, Elastomeric seals Material requirements for pipe joint seals used in water and drainage applications Part 1: Vulcanized rubberBS EN 877, Cast iron pipes and fittings, their joints and accessories for the evacuation of water from buildings
16、 Requirements, test methods and quality assurance3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this British Standard the following terms and definitions apply.3.1 cast ironalloy of iron and carbon in which graphite can be present in different formsNOTE In grey cast iron the graphite is in flake form; i
17、n ductile iron it is formed as nodules.3.2 couplingconnecting piece used to join together the spigots of mating pipes or fittings3.3 drainsystem of pipes, fittings and joints which will be buried in the ground or suspended within basements, in order to connect the discharge system of the building to
18、 a sewer or septic tank3.4 fittingcast iron component, other than a pipe, which allows deviation, a change in direction or diameter, including access componentsBS 437:20082 BSI 20083.5 flexible jointjoint which permits significant angular deflection both during and after installation and which can a
19、ccept a slight offset of the centreline3.6 gasketelastomeric sealing component of a joint3.7 jointconnection between the ends of pipes and/or fittings using various methods of sealing including socket/spigot or coupling, with sealing effected by elastomeric gasket(s) or sealing compounds3.8 joint as
20、semblytwo spigots or a socket and spigot and means of joining them together, assembled into a single unit3.9 lengtheffective length of a pipe or fittingNOTE For socket and spigot pipes and fittings, the effective length is equal to the overall length minus the spigot insertion depth as given in the
21、manufacturers catalogues.3.10 nominal size (DN)alphanumeric designation, used for reference purposes, of the of size of components and pipework system comprising the letters DN followed by a dimensionless whole number which is indirectly related to the physical size, in millimetres, of the bore or o
22、utside diameter of the end connectionsBS EN ISO 6708:1996, 2.1NOTE In this standard it is the bore.3.11 pipecasting of uniform bore, straight in axis, normally having plain ends but can also be socketed3.12 rigid jointjoint that does not permit significant angular deflection either during or after i
23、nstallation3.13 sewersystem of pipes designed to collect surface water and waste water from buildings and convey them to the point of disposal or treatment3.14 type testproof of design test which is carried out once to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of this standard and which is repeat
24、ed only after significant change in manufacture, design or material3.15 waste waterwater which is contaminated by use and all water discharging into the drainage system, e.g. domestic and trade effluent, condensate water and rainwater when discharged into a waste drainage system BSI 2008 3BS 437:200
25、84 Technical requirements4.1 GeneralThe requirements for pipes, fittings and joints are defined in 4.2 to 4.8.4.2 Surface conditionWhen inspected in accordance with A.1, pipes and fittings shall be free from defects (superficial and other defects) which could be detrimental to their correct operatio
26、n as defined in this standard.4.3 Dimensions4.3.1 Nominal sizeThe nominal sizes shall be DN 100, DN 150 and DN 225.4.3.2 External diameter (DE)The standard external diameters (DE) of the coated spigot ends of pipes and fittings, as well as the tolerances applicable to these, shall conform to the val
27、ues given in Table 1, when measured in accordance with A.2.In addition, the ovality of the pipes and of the sealing zones of fittings (see 4.3.9) shall remain within the tolerances on DE shown in Table 1.4.3.3 Internal diameter of pipesWhen measured in accordance with A.3, the internal diameter in m
28、illimetres (mm) of pipes shall be not less than (DN 1) mm.NOTE The minimum internal diameter ensures the hydraulic function of the pipes.4.3.4 Wall thicknessWall thicknesses of pipes and fittings shall conform to the minimum values given in Table 1 when measured in accordance with A.4.Table 1 Dimens
29、ions of pipes and fittingsDimensions in millimetresDN External diameter DE Min. wall thicknessNominal value Tolerance100 117 6.7150 171 7.7225 254 10.2+2121+22+BS 437:20084 BSI 20084.3.5 Socket dimensions for rigid jointsSockets for rigid joints shall conform to the dimensions given in Figure 1 and
30、Table 2 when measured in accordance with A.5. Socket profiles might vary from manufacturer to manufacturer but shall conform to the minimum dimensions given in Table 2.Figure 1 Socket dimensionsKey1 Alternative shaped groove2 Optional 5 mm high bead for socket and spigot system onlyTable 2 Socket di
31、mensionsDimensions in millimetresSocket dimension DN100 150 225Minimum internal diameter F 136 190 276Minimum thickness H 14 14 17Minimum depth of socket K 75 90 1151KHF2 BSI 2008 5BS 437:20084.3.6 Straightness of pipesWhen measured in accordance with A.6, the pipes shall be straight with a maximum
32、deviation of 0.15% of their length.4.3.7 End facesThe end faces of the products shall be free from defects which might impair their fitness for use and their planes shall be perpendicular with the axes of symmetry of the products. When measured in accordance with A.7, the maximum deviation from the
33、right angle shall be 3.4.3.8 Length of pipesStandard pipes shall be produced with a length of 3 m. When measured in accordance with A.8, the length shall be within a tolerance of 20 mm.NOTE Other lengths are available.4.3.9 Length of fittings and sealing zones/socket depthsThe length of fittings sha
34、ll be given in the manufacturers catalogue. When measured in accordance with A.8 the lengths of fittings shall be within a tolerance of 5 mm.The ends of the fittings shall have sealing zones straight in axis (see Figure 2) and free from markings and defects which could impair their fitness for use.T
35、he length of the socket insertion depth (Figure 1, dimension K) and the sealing zone (Figure 2, dimension J) shall conform to the values given in Table 2 and Table 3 respectively.Figure 2 Sealing zones for couplingsJJBS 437:20086 BSI 20084.3.10 Angles of fittingsFittings shall be designed to the ang
36、les specified below with a design tolerance of 2:bends: 10, 22.5, 35, 45, 60, 67.5, 80, 87.5;branches:45, 67.5, 87.5.The angle(s) of fittings shall be determined to an accuracy of 30.4.3.11 Access components and trapsThe minimum dimension of the openings of access components shall be not less than t
37、he minimum internal diameter of the fitting.The height of water seal of traps shall be at least 50 mm.4.4 MassThe nominal mass of finished products (pipes and fittings) shall be given in the manufacturers catalogues. When the mass is measured in accordance with A.9, the lower deviation shall not exc
38、eed 15% of the nominal mass.4.5 Material characteristics of pipes and fittingsPipes and fittings shall be manufactured from grey cast iron in accordance with BS EN 877.Couplings shall be manufactured from ductile iron in accordance with BS EN 877.Mechanical properties shall be as given in Table 4.Ta
39、ble 3 Sealing zone lengthsDN Min. length of sealing zone, Jmm100 40150 40225 55Table 4 Mechanical properties of pipes, fittings and couplingsType of casting and materialMinimum tensile strengthA)MPa Crushing requirementB)kN/mMaximum Brinell hardness, HBWA)Pipes grey cast iron200 150 260Fittings grey
40、 cast iron150 260Couplings ductile iron420 250A)When measured in accordance with BS EN 877.B)When measured in accordance with A.10. BSI 2008 7BS 437:20084.6 Coatings for pipes, fittings and couplingsThe cast iron components shall be supplied coated internally and externally. Before applying the coat
41、ings the surfaces shall be dry and free from rust or non-adhering products or foreign matter, e.g. oil, grease.NOTE Points of contact inherent in the coating application system are permitted.Various coatings are available and the manufacturer shall state in his catalogue his coating options for both
42、 buried and suspended systems.4.7 Joints4.7.1 GeneralJoints shall permit an air and watertight connection between the ends of pipes and/or fittings.Rigid joints, usually socket and spigot, shall use a cold caulking jointing compound and ensure leak tightness in accordance with Clause 5.Flexible join
43、ts shall incorporate an elastomeric gasket (see 4.7.2.2) to ensure leak tightness, and, for couplings, to prevent direct contact between the ends of pipes/fittings. Flexible joints shall fulfil the leak tightness performance requirements of Clause 5.4.7.2 Flexible joint materials4.7.2.1 CouplingsCou
44、plings shall be made in accordance with BS EN 877.Cast iron couplings shall be coated as fittings in accordance with 4.6.For steel set screws and nuts the minimum strength class shall be in accordance with BS EN 877.4.7.2.2 GasketsThe elastomeric gasket shall conform to the requirements of BS EN 681
45、-1 for type WC.4.8 MarkingPipes, fittings and couplings shall be legibly and indelibly marked and shall bear at least the following information. Manufacturers name or mark. The identification of the production site. The period of manufacture, coded or not. The reference to this standard. The DN, or
46、several DN where applicable. The design angle of fittings where applicable.When the marking on the fittings is cast-on, it shall be located outside the sealing zone J, see Table 3.BS 437:20088 BSI 2008When the dimensions of the component do not permit full marking, an abbreviated marking providing i
47、dentification of the component shall be used.5 Performance requirements for flexible joints5.1 GeneralIn order to ensure their fitness for purpose, all flexible joints shall fulfil the performance requirements of Clause 5.There shall be a type test for at least one DN.All joints shall be fully flexi
48、ble and the angular deflection declared by the manufacturer shall be not less than: 3 for DN 100 and DN 150;1 45 for DN 225.5.2 Test conditionsAll flexible joints shall be type tested as follows:a) joint assembly aligned withdrawn and pressurized in accordance with BS EN 877;b) joint assembly deflec
49、ted and pressurized in accordance with BS EN 877;c) joint assembly sheared and pressurized in accordance with BS EN 877.The joints shall exhibit no visible leakage and show no detrimental damage.All rigid joints shall be type tested as a) for flexible joints and shall show no visible sign of leakage when subjected to a 2 bar hydrostatic test pressure. BSI 2008 9BS 437:2008Annex A (normative) Test methodsA.1 Surface conditionInspect the surface condition (see 4
