1、BRITISH STANDARD BS5131-1.9: 1985 Methods of Test for footwear and footwear materials Part1: Adhesives Section1.9 Measurement of green strength of adhesive joints NOTEIt is recommended that this Section should be read in conjunction with the information in the General introduction to BS5131, publish
2、ed separately. UDC 685.31:620.1:665.93:539.219.2BS5131-1.9:1985 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Textiles and Clothing Standards Committee,was published underthe authorityof theBoardofBSI and comesintoeffect on 31 May1985 BSI11-1999 The following BSI references r
3、elate to the work on this standard: Committee referenceTCM/39 Draft for comment82/36116DC ISBN 0 580 14211 6 A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British
4、Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to4 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be ind
5、icated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS5131-1.9:1985 BSI 11-1999 i Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 References 1 3 Principle 1 4 Apparatus 1 5 Test assemblies 1 6 Test procedure 2 7 Calculation and expression of results
6、2 8 Test report 3 Figure 1 Plan of rectangle for mechanical preparation 3 Figure 2 Cutting of adherends 4 Figure 3 Force/extension graph 4ii blankBS5131-1.9:1985 BSI 11-1999 1 1 Scope This Section describes a method for measuring the resistance to peeling of an adhesive joint between two sheet mater
7、ials immediately after it is made. This is usually known as the green strength. The main purpose of the test is to enable the green strength of joints made with various solvent-based adhesives between specific soling and upper materials to be compared. The test can also be used for joints between ot
8、her materials provided that at least one of them is flexible. NOTEAdequate green strength is especially important for sole-attaching adhesives during shoe manufacture, as otherwise the sole bond may partially fail cohesively, i.e.within the adhesive film, after leaving the press. 2 References This s
9、ection refers to the following publications: BS903, Methods of testing vulcanized rubber PartA26 Determination of hardness. BS5131, Methods of test for footwear and footwear materials Subsection1.1.2 Resistance to peeling Subsection1.1.3 Preparation of test assemblies for adhesion tests. 3 Principle
10、 The two adherends of a bonded assembly are peeled apart immediately after bonding by forces acting at an angle of180 . The peel angle depends on the flexibility of the adherend materials. The peeling force is recorded continuously and the average value60s after application of full bonding pressure
11、is calculated from the graph. 4 Apparatus 4.1 A tensile testing machine, as described in BS5131-1.1.2. 4.2 A conditioning cabinet or room, as described in BS5131-1.1.2. 5 Test assemblies 5.1 Choice of adherends 5.1.1 Select the adherends for the test assemblies according to the type of adhesive, as
12、follows. a) Polyurethane adhesives. Use polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-coated fabric as upper material bonded to resin rubber as soling material. b) Polychloroprene adhesives. Use upper leather as upper material bonded to resin rubber as soling material. c) Other adhesives. Use adherend materials for whic
13、h the adhesive is intended. 5.1.2 The types of adherend required in5.1.1 a) andb) shall be as follows. a) PVC-coated upper material, smooth, solid (i.e.non-cellular) PVC-coated woven cotton fabric of overall thickness1.1 0.2mm. b) Upper leather, either a pre-buffed, full chrome, pearl split, upper l
14、eather of thickness1.5 0.2mm, or a chrome grain side leather of thickness about2.0mm which will be reduced to a thickness of about1.5mm when its grain layer is removed during the preparation of the test joints. c) Resin rubber soling material, compounded resin rubber, hardness95 2 IRHD (determined a
15、s described in BS903-A26), thickness3.5 0.5mm. NOTEIn certain circumstances, e.g.where particular factory practices are to be simulated, or when adhesion to the adherends listed in5.1.2 is difficult, other materials of the same type, or different types, may be used. 5.2 Conditioning Before preparati
16、on keep all adherends for at least24h in an atmosphere of20 2 C and652% relative humidity, and maintain them under these conditions between preparation, adhesive application and bonding. 5.3 Number of test assemblies Prepare four test assemblies from adherends which are the exact width required for
17、a single test joint, using the procedures described in5.4, 5.5, 5.6 and5.7. NOTEThese assemblies will therefore differ from those prepared for the peel test, described in BS5131-1.1.2, which requires assemblies to be the width of two test joints plus margins. This is because the joints for measuring
18、 green strength are tested immediately after bonding and there is not time to cut them from larger assemblies. Cutting of a “green” assembly would in any case disturb the bond. 5.4 Cutting and preparation of adherend materials For materials that will not be prepared mechanically, cut two rectangles
19、each approximately70mm 50mm. Of the materials listed in5.1, these will be as follows. a) PVC-coated fabric, which is solvent wiped. b) Pearl split upper leather, which normally requires no further preparation. NOTEIf variability of results is suspected due to the pearl split leather, repeat the test
20、 ensuring that the pearl split is scoured or wire brush roughed before applying adhesive. c) Resin rubber, which is normally treated with a primer when a polyurethane adhesive is to be tested.BS5131-1.9:1985 2 BSI 11-1999 For materials that will be prepared mechanically, cut one rectangle approximat
21、ely70mm 100mm. Of the materials listed in5.1, these will be as follows. a) Grain side upper leather, which needs to have the grain removed by wire brush roughing or scouring. b) Resin rubber, which is normally prepared by scouring or wire brush roughing when a polychloroprene adhesive is to be teste
22、d. Use the procedures described in4.2.1 to4.2.7 of BS5131-1.1.3:1976 to prepare materials prior to adhesive application. Follow the procedure for peel testing,4.2.1.3 in those instances where this differs from the procedure for creep testing,4.2.1.2. After preparation, cut each70mm 100mm rectangle i
23、nto two70mm 50mm rectangles, as shown in Figure 1. 5.5 Preparation and application of adhesive Use the procedure described in5.1 to5.4 of BS5131-1.1.3:1976. NOTEThe materials are usually adhesive coated before being cut into the adherend rectangles needed for the individual test joints (see5.7). If
24、more convenient, the adherends may be cut to size before adhesive coating, but after surface preparation. 5.6 Open times and drying conditions “Open time” is the time between applying the adhesive and assembling the joint. Where factory conditions are to be simulated, adopt the open times and the dr
25、ying conditions used in practice. For evaluating or comparing adhesives where factory conditions are not known, adopt open times of605min on the upper and204h on the sole, drying at ambient temperature. NOTEThe green strength of the bond varies more with the open time used than does the final bond s
26、trength. Consequently when measuring green strength it is necessary to specify tighter tolerances for the open time than are needed for the measurement of the final bond strength. 5.7 Cutting of adhesive coated adherends When the adhesive is adequately dry but before the open time has elapsed, cut e
27、ach of the two upper and two sole material70mm 50mm rectangles into two rectangles301mm wide by not less than50mm long, discarding the two marginal strips as shown in Figure 2. Use a press knife, a sharp hand knife, or a rotary disc cutter. 6 Test procedure Adjust the tensile testing machine to a su
28、itable force range, e.g.0 to200N, and a jaw separation rate of100 20mm/min. Set the jaw separation to a distance that will allow the test joint to be clamped and put under tension with the minimum delay once the machine is set in motion. At the conclusion of the open time, bond one pair of sole and
29、upper adherend rectangles to form a joint using the procedures for adhesive reactivation and bonding described in6.1 of BS5131-1.1.3:1976. Since the activation conditions can affect the green strength it is important to use appropriate ones, i.e.either those being used in the factory or the standard
30、 conditions described in6.1 of BS5131-1.1.3:1976. When full pressure has been reached, bond at this pressure for152s and continue timing. After the15s bonding period, remove the joint from the press and immediately clamp its free legs in the jaws of the tensile testing machine. Set the machine in mo
31、tion so that the time from application of full bonding pressure to the commencement of peel separation of the adherends is35 5s. During peeling, mark the force/extension graph at the point corresponding to60 2s from the application of full bonding pressure. Examine the test joint after peeling and d
32、etermine the type of failure as described in7.1 of BS5131-1.1.2:1976. NOTEThe failure will often be cohesive, i.e.within the adhesive film. Repeat the procedure for the other three pairs of adherend rectangles. 7 Calculation and expression of results 7.1 For each of the four test joints make an esti
33、mate of the peeling force at the60s mark on the force/extension graph. If necessary smooth out the undulations in the trace by drawing an estimate line for the peeling force trend in the60s region (seeFigure 3). 7.2 Calculate the arithmetic mean of the four peeling forces and divide this by the widt
34、h of the test joint to express the result in N/mm. Record this as the green strength of the bonded assembly.BS5131-1.9:1985 BSI 11-1999 3 8 Test report Include the following items in the test report: a) the green strength expressed in accordance with clause7; b) types of failure observed and the per
35、centage of the total peeled area that each failure type represents; c) description of the adherends and their method of preparation; d) the type of adhesive, method of application and number of coats applied; e) adhesive drying conditions and open time; f) details of activation of adhesive; g) refer
36、ence to the method of test, i.e.BS5131-1.9; h) date of testing. NOTEThe shaded area shows the subsequent position of the paper or tape insert in the test joints (see5.5). Figure 1 Plan of rectangle for mechanical preparationBS5131-1.9:1985 4 BSI 11-1999 Figure 2 Cutting of adherends Figure 3 Force/e
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