1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5803-4: 1985 Thermal insulation for use in pitched roof spaces in dwellings Part 4: Methods for determining flammability and resistance to smouldering UDC 699.86:692.42:677.014.27:536.468BS5803-4:1985 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Elements
2、 and Components (of Diverse Materials) for Buildings Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 28February1985 BSI 09-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference ECB/38 Draft for comment 83/10120D
3、C ISBN 0 580 14245 0 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Elements and Components (of Diverse Materials) for Buildings Standards Committee (ECB/-) to Technical Committee ECB/38 upon which the following bodies were represented:
4、 Chartered Institution of Building Services Consumer Standards Advisory Committee of BSI Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment, Fire Research Station) Department of the Environment (Housing and Construction Industries) Department of the Environment (Property Services Agency)
5、 Eurisol (UK) (Association of Manufacturers of Mineral Fibre Insulation) Greater London Council Independent Waste Paper Processors Association Institution of Building Control Officers National Association of Loft Insulation Contractors National Council of Building Materials Producers Royal Institute
6、 of British Architects Thermal Insulation Manufacturers Association Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS5803-4:1985 BSI 09-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Flammability test 1 3 Smouldering resistance test 2 Appen
7、dix A Crib ignition source 5 Figure 1 Sample holder 6 Figure 2 Cylinder 7 Figure 3 Crib 8 Table 1 Parameters of crib ignition source 5 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS5803-4:1985 ii BSI 09-1999 Foreword This Part of BS5803, having been prepared under the direction of the Elements and Com
8、ponents (of Diverse Materials) for Buildings Standards Committee. Existing British Standard methods of test for the reaction to fire of building materials cannot be applied to many types of loft insulating material which may consist of loose-fill granules, beads or fibres, laid on a horizontal surfa
9、ce. In the absence of a standard method of test suitable for assessing the susceptibility of the products to the propagation of smouldering from ignition sources either above or within the material, a new procedure has been developed. This Part of this standard describes two tests: a) a flammability
10、 test in which a small wooden crib is placed on the top surface of a specimen of insulation in a specified tray and ignited; b) a smouldering resistance test in which a pre-heated metal cylinder is buried within a specimen of insulation in a specified tray. The results obtained from the tests will a
11、pply only to igniting sources of severity similar to those described in the test procedure. Results cannot be directly extrapolated in an attempt to predict the behaviour of loft insulating materials with other ignition sources. These tests reflect the resistance of the sample to flaming or smoulder
12、ing combustion. BS5803 comprises the following Parts. Part 1: Specification for man-made mineral fibre thermal insulation mats; Part 2: Specification for man-made mineral fibre thermal insulation in pelleted or granular form for application by blowing; Part 3: Specification for cellulose fibre therm
13、al insulation for application by blowing; Part 4: Methods for determining flammability and resistance to smouldering; Part 5: Specification for installation of man-made mineral fibre and cellulose fibre insulation. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a cont
14、ract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to8, an inside back cove
15、r and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS5803-4:1985 BSI 09-1999 1 1 Scope This Part of BS5803 describes methods of test for flammability and resistance
16、to smouldering of thermal insulating materials, which may consist of loose-fill granules, beads or fibres, designed to be laid horizontally between joists in lofts of dwellings. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Flammability test 2
17、.1 Principle A specimen of conditioned insulation is inserted in a tray having a plasterboard base and wooden sides representing a typical configuration of joists and ceiling forming the base of a loft. A small wooden crib is placed on the surface and ignited, providing an intensity of heating of ab
18、out3.5W/cm 2under the crib and an average intensity of0.3W/cm 2over an area of7 500mm 2 . Observations are made of the occurrence and duration of flaming and smouldering of the insulation outside the area covered by the crib and of the extent of spread of the combustion zone. 2.2 Apparatus NOTEAll d
19、imensions are nominal unless tolerances are specified. 2.2.1 Specimen holder, in the form of a tray, constructed as shown inFigure 1 from softwood timber 100mm 50mm and 50mm 50mm insection and from plasterboard 12.5mm thick.Itshall have internal dimensions of500mm 300mm 100mm deep. A movablesoftwood
20、 timber cross-piece 300mm 100mm 50mm shall beprovided to span between the500mm 100mm 50mm timbers to give a300mm square 100mm deep tray. 2.2.2 Crib ignition source, constructed in accordance withAppendix A. 2.2.3 Crib support, consisting of a piece of wire mesh made from heat-resisting steel wire, a
21、bout 0.5mm diameter woven to an aperture width of about1mm, and cut about 45mm square. 2.2.4 Stop watch or clock, capable of measuring to an accuracy of 1s in 1h. 2.3 Test environment The test shall be carried out at a temperature of23 5 C in a suitable draught free enclosure so that the operator is
22、 protected from decomposition products. NOTEWhere doubts exist about the harmful effects of such products then a physical separation of the test and operator may be necessary. Fan-assisted exhaustion of the products into the atmosphere is permissible only at the end of each test. Easily accessible m
23、eans of extinguishing combustion of the specimens shall be provided, e.g.fire blanket, extinguisher or water. 2.4 Conditioning of sample Condition a sample of the material, sufficienttomake at least five specimens300mm 300mm 100mm at the density described in2.5.1, in a ventilated oven controlled at
24、a temperature of 40 2 C for 12h. Either carry out the test between 2h and 4h after removal of the sample from the oven or transfer the material to polyethylene bags 1) . Knot each bag and place it inside a second bag and knot the second bag also. 2.5 Procedure 2.5.1 Fill the specimen holder, with th
25、e movable cross-piece in position, to form a specimen300mm 300mm 100mm deep. Form each specimen at the density at which the R value (thermal resistance) for that material is determined and tested. Carry out the test on five specimens. 2.5.2 Place the crib (2.2.2) centrally over the top surface of th
26、e specimen. NOTEWhere difficulty is experienced in supporting the crib on the surface because of the physical nature of the material, the wire mesh crib support (2.2.3) may be inserted between the crib base and the surface of the specimen. Ignite the crib by applying a match or taper to the lint and
27、 start the timing device simultaneously. If any fire from the burning specimen develops rapidly, extinguish it immediately, and report the fact. Otherwise, retain the specimen in the holder until all smouldering and flaming ceases or until the combustion zone extends at any depth to within25mm of an
28、y part of the timber surround. NOTEThis requirement is included because, in some specimens, the combustion zone is obviously prevented from reaching the timber surround by the edge effects of the apparatus, e.g. shrinkage of the specimen, accumulation of flame-retardant salts at the edges of the spe
29、cimen or thermal balance. After combustion has ended, carefully pull away the surfaces of the specimen still in contact with the timber surround to enable any combustion that may have occurred below the surface of the specimen and reached the timber surround to be observed. 1) Bin liners are suitabl
30、e.BS5803-4:1985 2 BSI 09-1999 Record the following observations for each of the five samples. a) Information essential for assessment of compliance with the appropriate Parts of BS5803, i.e. whether or not, after combustion has ceased, any part of the combustion zone has extended to within 25mm of a
31、ny part of the timber surround. b) Additional information (where requested), times being measured from the start of the test to the nearest 5s and distances to the nearest5mm: 1) the time to ignition of any part of the surface of the specimen; 2) if flaming of the specimen occurs and continues after
32、 flaming of the crib has ceased: i) the heights of flames, estimated visually; ii) the time at which flaming ceases if this is before the combustion zone extends to within 25mm of any part of the timber surround; iii) the time at which the flames first extend to within 25mm of any part of the timber
33、 surround; 3) the time at which the combustion zone, either on the surface or at any depth, extends to within 25mm of any part of the timber surround; 4) if, after combustion has ceased, no part of the combustion zone has reached to within25mm of any part of the timber surround, the extent of the sp
34、read of the combustion zone either at, or below the surface. 2.6 Test report The test report shall include the following essential information: a) name and address of testing laboratory; b) name and address of sponsor of test; c) date(s) of test(s); d) identification and description of the material
35、being tested; e) details of the process used to condition the sample; f) rate of application and density of the material in the specimens, based on the mass of the specimen before test; g) type(s) of ignition source used; h) ambient temperature at the time of testing; i) records for each specimen, a
36、s stated in2.5.2 a). The test report shall also contain any additional information as described in2.5.2 b) where requested. 3 Smouldering resistance test 3.1 Principle A specimen of conditioned insulation is inserted in a tray similar to that used in2.1 and containing a preheated metal cylinder. Obs
37、ervations are made of the duration of any flaming and smouldering of the insulation and of the extent of spread of the combustion zone. 3.2 Apparatus NOTEAll dimensions are nominal unless tolerances are specified. 3.2.1 Specimen holder, in the form of a tray, constructed as shown inFigure 1 from sof
38、twood timber 100mm 50mm and 50mm 50mm in section and from plasterboard 12.5mm thick. It shall have internal dimensions of500mm 300mm 100 deep. A movablesoftwood timber cross-piece 300mm 100mm 50mm shall beprovided to span between the500mm 100mm 50mm timbers to give a300mm 375mm 100mm deep tray. 3.2.
39、2 Ignition source, consisting of a stainless steel cylinder, as shown inFigure 2, having a diameter of50mm and a height of 50mm. A 2mm diameter hole is drilled in the top of the cylinder at a position15mm from its centre line and to a depth of25mm. The centre of the top of the cylinder is also drill
40、ed and tapped to a depth of 15mm to accommodate an8mm diameter stainless steel bolt set so as to leave a clearance of 10mm between the top of the cylinder and the upper side of the bolt head. The overall height of the cylinder with its fitted bolt shall be 601mm and the total mass shall be8005g. Two
41、 squares of mineral fibre insulating board75mm 75mm 12mm shall be stacked to provide a 24mm thick support for the stainless steel cylinder during the test. 3.2.3 Cylinder heater and temperature indicator. The heater shall be capable of raising the smouldering ignition cylinder to 500 C. NOTEThis may
42、 be an electrically heated muffle furnace or an open gas-fired burner (boosted, if necessary, by the use of a hand-held gas-fired blow lamp).BS5803-4:1985 BSI 09-1999 3 A thermo-electric temperature indicating device capable of being read at 445 C to within 0.5 C shall be fitted with a metal sheathe
43、d thermocouple suitable for use at temperatures up to 500 C and for insertion in the 2mm diameter hole in the stainless steel cylinder. The device shall be transportable or so positioned that the cylinder with a thermo-couple inserted may be transferred from the heater to the specimen holder located
44、 in its draught-free testing enclosure (see3.3). 3.2.4 Stop watch or clock, complying with2.2.4. 3.3 Test environment The test shall be carried out in an environment complying with2.3. 3.4 Conditioning of sample Condition a sample of the material, sufficient tomake at least five specimens300mm 375mm
45、 100mm at the density described in3.5.1, in a ventilated oven controlled at a temperature of 40 2 C for 12h. Either carry out the tests between 2h and 4h after removal of the sample from the oven or transfer the material to polyethylene bags 2) . Knot each bag and place it inside a second bag and kn
46、ot the second bag also. 3.5 Procedure 3.5.1 Weigh out a specimen of the material sufficient to fill the specimen holder, to form a specimen 300mm 375mm 100mm deep at the density at which the R value (thermal resistance) for that material is determined and tested. Carry out the test on five specimens
47、. NOTEIf it is necessary to repeat the test a further five specimens will be required. 3.5.2 With the movable cross-piece in position, stack the two squares of mineral fibre insulating board uniformly on the floor of the specimen holder so that their centres are 150mm away from each of the three fix
48、ed sides and 225mm from the movable cross-piece. Heat the stainless steel cylinder, fitted with its thermocouple (3.2.3) until the temperature is approximately 500 C. Transfer the cylinder, using tongs and without dislodging the thermocouple, and re-position it centrally on the stacked mineral fibre
49、 insulating boards to commence cooling. When the temperature indicating device shows that the cylinder has cooled to 445 C, immediately pour approximately half of the pre-weighed specimen of conditioned test material gently over it. Immediately remove the thermocouple and start the timing device. Pour the remainder of the specimen gently into unfilled areas of the specimen holder and bring the whole to a substantially even surcharge above the timbers by flicking material about, as necessary, with the finger tips. E
