1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 585-1:1989 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Wood stairs Part 1: Specification for stairs with closed risers for domestic use, including straight and winder flights and quarter or half landings UDC 692.622.2:692.625.2:692.635.2:692.64:691.11:674.11:001.4BS585-1:1989 This British Stan
2、dard, having been prepared under the direction of the Timber Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 30June1989 BSI 02-1999 First published, as BS585, December1944 First revision January1956 Second revision March1972 Third revision, as BS58
3、5-1, September1984 Fourth revision June1989 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference TIB/25 Draft for comment 86/14036 DC ISBN 0 580 16566 3 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Tim
4、ber Standards Committee (TIB/-) to Technical Committee TIB/25, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Woodworking Federation Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laborator
5、y) Department of the Environment (Housing and Construction Industries) Fibre Building Board Organization (FIDOR) Institute of Carpenters Joinery Managers Association Ltd. London Housing Consortium Royal Institute of British Architects Scottish Development Department Spiral Stair Manufacturers Associ
6、ation Timber Research and Development Association Timber Trade Federation Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue Comments 6510 April 1990 Indicated by a sideline in the marginBS 585-1:1989 BSI 02-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1
7、 2 Definitions 1 3 Sizes and tolerances 1 4 Materials and workmanship 2 5 Treads and risers 2 6 Strings 4 7 Newels 5 8 Construction 5 9 Handrails and balustrades 7 Appendix A Recommendations for site fixing of stairs 8 Appendix B Recommendations for the design of stairs with winder flights 12 Figure
8、 1 Glue blocks 3 Figure 2 Typical details of stairs with winder flights 4 Figure 3 Typical built-up newel 6 Figure 4 Assembly details of straight flight with balustrade 9 Figure 5 Assembly of balustrades for landings 10 Figure 6 Assembly of bullnose step 11 Figure 7 Clear width and going on winder f
9、lights 13 Figure 8 Overall dimensions of winding stairs 16 Figure 9 Calculation of centre going on winder flight 18 Figure 10 Calculation of minimum going on winder flight 20 Figure 11 Measurement of clear headroom on winder flight 21 Table 1 Minimum finished sizes of members 2 Table 2 Minimum overa
10、ll sizes of stairs with three or six winder treads 15 Table 3 Minimum overall sizes of stairs with four or eight winder treads 15 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS585-1:1989 ii BSI 02-1999 Foreword This Part of BS585, which has been prepared under the direction of the Timber Standards Com
11、mittee, is a revision of BS585-1:1984, which is withdrawn. It is a prescriptive specification for the construction of timber stairs which may include plywood risers and treads and/or edge-to-edge jointed timber and/or glue-laminated wood components. The principal changes made in this edition are the
12、 addition of stairs with winder flights, the inclusion of plywood treads and the increase in minimum size of strings and newels for stairs with more than nine goings unsupported. The proper functioning and durability of a stair complying with this standard depend on care in handling during transport
13、ation to, and on site, as well as careful site storage, correct installation (seeAppendix A), temporary protection, finishes and maintenance. Some general advice is given in BS5395-1. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standard
14、s are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi and ii, pages1 to22, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standa
15、rd has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.BS 585-1:1989 BSI 02-1999 1 1 Scope This Part of BS585 specifies materials and construction requirements for stairs constructed of timber, which m
16、ay include plywood risers and treads and/or edge-to-edge jointed timber and/or glue-laminated wood components. It applies to stairs intended primarily for use inside one-family dwellings, including one or more of the following: a) straight flights; b) winder flights; c) quarter landings; d) half lan
17、dings. This Part of BS585 does not apply to stairs with open risers, stairs having an overall width greater than1220mm, or stairs having a total going in one flight exceeding3800mm. Appendix A gives recommendations for site fixing of stairs. Appendix B gives recommendations for the design of stairs
18、with winder flights. NOTE 1For stairs constructed of wood-based materials, seeBS585-2. NOTE 2For guidance on the design of straight stairs, seeBS5395-1. NOTE 3The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purpose of this Part o
19、f BS585, the definitions given in BS5395-1, BS5578-1 and BS6100-1.0, BS6100-1.3.4 1)and BS6100-1.5.1 and BS6100-4 apply, together with the following. 2.1 glue-laminated wood wood consisting of laminations glued together, no constituent lamination being more than50mm or less than8mm thick, with the e
20、xception of facing laminations 2.2 edge-to-edge jointed jointing of timber of the same thickness to increase the width of the component 2.3 easement piece of timber that is added to a straight string to increase its depth so as to accommodate winder tread and riser ends 2.4 winder flight 2) a small
21、group of winders encompassing not more than a half turn 2.5 going on straight flight horizontal distance between the nosings of two consecutive treads or between the nosing of the tread and the nosing of the landing immediately above it 2.6 going on winder flight chord length on plan between two poi
22、nts on consecutive tread nosings at the same radius from the geometric centre of the winder flight NOTESeeB.3. 2.7 pitch line on straight flight notional line connecting the nosings of the treads of a stair and nosing of top of flight and extending down to the landing at the bottom of the flight 2.8
23、 pitch line on winder flight notional line consisting of an arc drawn about the geometric centre connecting the nosings of the treads of a stair 2.9 clear width unobstructed width between handrail and face of newel NOTESeeB.1. 3 Sizes and tolerances 3.1 Straight flights NOTEAll sizes specified in th
24、is standard are minimum finished sizes. The overall width of a flight including strings shall be not greater than1220mm and the total going of any one flight shall not exceed3800mm. The maximum permissible deviations from the work size width shall be+0mm, 3mm. All other sizes shall be in accordance
25、with BS5395-1. 3.2 Winder flights The overall width of a flight including strings shall be not greater than1220mm and the clear width shall be not less than770mm. The flight shall not encompass more than 180 in a continuous turn. The maximum permissible deviations from the work size width shall be+0
26、mm, 6mm. All other sizes shall be in accordance withAppendix B. 1) In preparation. 2) BS6100 definition repeated for information.BS585-1:1989 2 BSI 02-1999 4 Materials and workmanship 4.1 Materials NOTEIf stairs are required with non-opaque finishes, reference should be made to the manufacturer with
27、 regard to the quality of the timber and its finish. 4.1.1 Timber. Timber for stairs for painting shall comply with the requirements for class3 of BS1186-1, except that handrails shall comply with the requirements for class1 of BS1186-1. 4.1.2 Plywood for risers and treads. Plywood shall be used onl
28、y for risers and treads. It shall have an exposed surface suitable for painting and shall comply with BS6566. NOTEIf plywood is used for treads, the laminations may show on the nosing of the tread. 4.1.3 Glue-laminated components. Glue-laminated components shall comply with clause8 of BS1186-2:1988.
29、 4.1.4 Adhesives. Adhesives used for assembly of stairs shall be: a) synthetic resin gap-filling adhesives (phenolic and aminoplastic) complying with the requirements for type BR or type MR of BS1204-1; or b) one part polyvinyl acetate emulsion adhesives complying with BS4071; or c) two part polyvin
30、yl acetate emulsion adhesives complying with the relevant requirements of EN204 3) . 4.2 Workmanship The quality of workmanship shall comply with BS1186-2. 5 Treads and risers 5.1 Finished sizes The finished thickness of a tread or a riser shall be not less than the appropriate value given inTable 1
31、. Timber members of more than one piece shall be jointed as specified in BS1186-2. No piece of timber shall be less than50mm wide on the finished face of a member except that, in a jointed tread, the front piece on which the nosing is formed shall be not less than90mm wide. 5.2 Housing Risers shall
32、be tongued or housed not more than one-quarter of the actual tread thickness, but not less than one-quarter of the minimum tread thickness given inTable 1, into the underside of treads. The lower edge of risers shall be fixed to treads at centres not exceeding230mm with no.10 gauge screws to give a
33、penetration of at least23mm or1.5 times the thickness of the riser, whichever is the greater. 5.3 Glue blocking 5.3.1 Straight flights. For straight flights, risers and treads shall be glue-blocked as shown inFigure 1(a), using angle blocks not less than75mm long and38mm wide on the shortest edges s
34、eeFigure 1(b). 5.3.2 Winder flights. For winder flights, risers and treads shall be glue-blocked as shown inFigure 1(c), using angle blocks not less than75mm long and38mm wide on the shortest edges seeFigure 1(b). Table 1 Minimum finished sizes of members (see note) 3) In preparation. Support condit
35、ion Width of stair (overall including strings) String thickness Tread thickness Riser thickness Outer newel size Supported by a side wall, or, up to9 goings unsupported mm mm mm mm 69mm square or cross section of equivalent strength and stiffness Up to and including990 26 20 (18for plywood) 14 (9for
36、 plywood) Exceeding990 but not exceeding1220 26 26 (24 for plywood) 14 (9for plywood) More than9 goings unsupported Up to and including990 32 20 (18 for plywood) 14 (9for plywood) 90mm square or cross section of equivalent strength and stiffness Exceeding990 but not exceeding1220 32 26 (24 for plywo
37、od) 14 (9for plywood) NOTEIt is assumed that members are measured at a 20% moisture content in accordance with BS4471-1.BS 585-1:1989 BSI 02-1999 3 Figure 1 Glue blocksBS585-1:1989 4 BSI 02-1999 6 Strings 6.1 General Strings shall have a finished thickness not less than the value given inTable 1. NO
38、TEStrings may be of one-piece timber or of glue-laminated section. Edge-to-edge jointing of solid section timber shall be permitted provided that only two pieces, each greater than 50mm deep, are used. The finished depth shall be not less than215mm. Strings shall have tapered housings not less than1
39、2mm deep or0.4 times the string thickness, whichever is the greater, to receive the tread and risers, which shall be secured by glue wedging. The ends of strings to fit into newels shall be tenoned and prepared for fixing, except where the newels are face fixed. Tenons shall be not less than12mm thi
40、ck and not less than45mm long. 6.2 Winder flights For winder flights the upper and lower wall strings from the adjacent straight flights (seeFigure 2) shall be enlarged by adding easements to give the depth necessary to contain the housings of the treads and risers. The middle wall string shall be b
41、uilt up to the depth necessary to accommodate the housings. Figure 2 Typical details of stairs with winder flightsBS 585-1:1989 BSI 02-1999 5 7 Newels 7.1 Position In the case of a free-standing stair or a stair in which neither string is supported by a wall, a newel shall be placed at every change
42、of direction of the stair, at the top of the stair and no higher than two steps from the bottom of the stair. 7.2 Size 7.2.1 Solid outer newels shall have a minimum cross section of size as given inTable 1. Wall newels shall have a cross section of not less than32mm 69mm or shall have a cross sectio
43、n of equivalent strength and stiffness. 7.2.2 For winder flights, where larger newels are necessary, newels shall be either solid or built up from sections of finished thickness not less than32mm (seeFigure 3). 7.3 Housing Newels shall be housed not less than12mm deep to receive the ends of treads a
44、nd risers shall be morticed for strings and handrails as required. Haunchings or notchings shall be not greater than one-third of the thickness of the newel. 8 Construction 8.1 Assembly If stairs are supplied in kit form for assembly on site, instructions shall be provided. NOTEThe tongue and groove
45、 arrangement shown assumes top fixing. For ease of erection in a confined space, it may be necessary to reverse the method of erection (see A.2.1) and hence the tongue and groove jointing of the strings. Reference should be made to the manufacturer.Figure 2 Typical details of stairs with winder flig
46、hts (concluded)BS585-1:1989 6 BSI 02-1999 8.2 Construction of shaped ends for risers (straight flights) NOTESuitable methods of fixing include tonguing and grooving, rebating, blocking, gluing, nailing and screwing. 8.2.1 If a bullnose or similarly shaped end for a riser is constructed with a shaped
47、 block against which the end or ends of one or two straight parts of the riser abut, the following requirements shall apply. a) The grain of the block shall be horizontal. The faces of block and straight riser where they meet shall be flush with one another. b) The meeting edges of block and straigh
48、t riser on the face of the work shall form a closely fitted vertical joint. c) The ends of block and straight riser shall be fitted and secured together. 8.2.2 If a bullnose, half round or similarly shaped end is formed by cutting away material from the back of a solid riser to leave a veneer, which
49、 can be bent to the required shape, the following requirements shall apply. a) The veneer shall be supported with a solid backing block. The back of the veneer and the face of the block shall be prepared and fitted and glued together so as to adhere over the whole area of the veneer. b) The block shall be secured to the straight (unreduced) parts of the riser. 8.2.3 If the riser with a bullnose, half round or similarly shaped end is formed with thin plywood bent to shape during manufacture of the stairs, the following requirem
