1、BRITISH STANDARD BS6374-4: 1984 Lining of equipment with polymeric materials for the process industries Part 4: Specification for lining with cold curing thermosetting resins UDC621.772.4:66.023.3:678.6.073BS6374-4:1984 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Pressure V
2、essels Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes intoeffect on 31December1984 BSI03-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PVE/1 Draft for comment81/78491DC ISBN 0 580 14190 X Committees responsible for th
3、is British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Pressure Vessel Standards Committee (PVE/-) to Technical Committee PVE/1 upon which the following bodies were represented: Amalgamated Society of Boilermakers, Shipwrights, Blacksmiths and Structural Workers Associated
4、 Offices Technical Committee Association of Consulting Engineers British Chemical Engineering Contractors Association British Compressed Gases Association British Gas Corporation British Steel Industry Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Energy Industries Council Engineering Equipment a
5、nd Materials Users Association Health and Safety Executive Institution of Chemical Engineers Institution of Gas Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers Liquefied Petroleum Gas Industry Technical Association (UK) Process Plant Association Water-tube Boilermakers Association Welding Institute Co
6、opted member The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: British Rubber Manufacturers Association Institution of Corrosion Science and Technology Plastics and Rubber Institute Rubber and Plastics Research Association of Great Britain
7、Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS 6374-4:1984 BSI 03-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii Section 1. General 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Definitions 1 1.3 Exchange of information 2 1.4 Compliance 2 Section 2. Design, fabrication and surfa
8、ce finish of equipment to be lined 2.1 General 3 2.2 Design of metal equipment to be lined 3 2.3 Fabrication of metal equipment to be lined 3 2.4 Design of concrete equipment to be lined 6 2.5 Construction of concrete equipment to be lined 7 Section 3. Selection and quality of linings 3.1 Selection
9、of lining 9 3.2 Quality of lining 9 3.3 Continuity of finished linings 9 Section 4. Method of lining 4.1 Surface preparation 10 4.2 Lining process 10 Section 5. Inspection and testing 5.1 Responsibility for inspection and testing 13 5.2 Inspection 13 Section 6. Methods of test 6.1 Continuity testing
10、 14 Section 7. Rectification of faults in fully cured linings 7.1 General 15 Section 8. Storage, handling, transportation and installation 8.1 General 16 Appendix A Characteristics of lining materials specified in3.1 17 Appendix B Continuity testing 19 Figure 1 Pipework details 4 Figure 2 Weld profi
11、le details: butt welds 5 Figure 3 Weld profile details: external corners and edges 5 Figure 4 Weld profile details: internal corners and edges 6 Figure 5 Weld profile details: concave heads 7 Figure 6 Weld profile details: flanges 8 Table 1 Standard of blasting 11 Publications referred to Inside bac
12、k coverBS6374-4:1984 ii BSI 03-1999 Foreword This Part of BS6374 has been prepared under the direction of the Pressure Vessels Standards Committee. It is one of five Parts that will supersede Parts1,4,5 and6 of CP3003; the change in format arising from the fresh approach adopted to conform with deve
13、lopments in the associated lining technology. The Technical Committee would like to acknowledge the contributions made by the Rubber and Plastics Research Association of Great Britain which supplied the initial draft document, and the users and the manufacturers on whose submissions the document was
14、 based. The plastics linings referred to in this standard are used for a number of different duties, including protection against corrosive environments, prevention of contamination of products and surface finishes which do not foul easily or which can be cleaned easily. Specific linings are used fo
15、r protection against abrasion or erosion. The thickness of linings based on these materials varies considerably. When the thickness of the lining is less than4004m it is difficult to obtain linings which are pinhole free. Furthermore, even if thin linings as applied are free from imperfections, cons
16、ideration has to be given to the possibility of damage in operation. Before selecting a lining and the thickness at which it will be applied, some knowledge is required of the likely corrosion rate of the substrate and the mechanism of that corrosion. If the corrosion rate is low then the thickness
17、of the lining is not a critical factor. If the corrosion rate is high and is due to simple solution of the metal, then it is not advisable to use thin linings because of the risk of severe corrosion through a pinhole. On the other hand, if a high corrosion rate is caused by an effect such as erosion
18、/corrosion, then thin linings can be an effective barrier. It has been assumed in the drafting of this British Standard that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of
19、a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to22, an inside back
20、 cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.BS 6374-4:1984 BSI 03-1999 1 Section 1. General 1.1 Scope This Part of BS6374 specifies requirements for the l
21、ining of equipment for the process industries using cold curing thermosetting resins. It includes requirements for the choice of lining and its application and also requirements for subsequent inspection of the lining and the rectification of faults. It applies to equipment fabricated in metal or co
22、ncrete. The lining materials considered include epoxies, polyesters and furanes. Although not thermosetting resins, liquid elastomeric linings (such as polyurethanes) and solvated elastomeric linings (such as polychloroprene), are included since the same application techniques are used. NOTE 1The re
23、sins may contain fillers and/or reinforcing agents. NOTE 2The linings may be applied at the applicators works or on site. Requirements for design and fabrication of the equipment and the state of preparation necessary for the surfaces to be lined are specified in Section 2. Requirements for storage,
24、 handling, transportation and installation of the lined equipment are specified in Section 8. This Part of BS6374 does not apply to paint coatings as dealt with in BS5493. NOTE 3The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 1.2 Definitions For the p
25、urposes of this Part of BS6374, the following definitions apply. 1.2.1 plastic 1)(noun) a material that contains as an essential ingredient a high polymer and which at some stage in its processing into finished products can be shaped by flow NOTE 1Elastomeric materials, which are also shaped by flow
26、, are not considered as plastics. NOTE 2In some countries, particularly in the United Kingdom, the official position now is that it is a permitted option to use the term “plastics” as the singular form as well as the plural form. 1.2.2 resin 1) a solid, semisolid, or pseudosolid organic material tha
27、t has an indefinite and often high relative molecular mass, exhibits a tendency to flow when subjected to stress, usually has a softening or melting range and, usually fractures conchoidally. In a broad sense, the term is used to designate any polymer that is a basic material for plastics 1.2.3 ther
28、moset 1)(noun) a plastic which, when cured by heat or by other means, changes into a substantially infusible and insoluble product NOTEThis term includes both thermosetting plastics and thermoset plastics. 1.2.4 purchaser 2) the organization or individual who buys the lined equipment for its own use
29、 or as an agent for the owner 1.2.5 fabricator 2) the organization or individual responsible for the fabrication of the equipment to be lined 1.2.6 applicator 2) the organization or individual responsible for the application of the lining 1.2.7 inspection authority 2) the body or association appoint
30、ed by the purchaser (or owner) to check that the design, fabrication, and lining comply with this standard 1.2.8 lining a cold curing thermosetting resin coating based on resins which cure by chemical reaction at normal ambient temperatures NOTE 1Although in common usage the terms “lining” and “coat
31、ing” are interchangeable, in this document “lining” will be used. NOTE 2Examples are: epoxies, modified epoxies, epoxy novolaks, furanes, polyesters, bisphenol polyesters, vinyl polyesters, and polyurethanes. Formulations based on these resins may or may not contain solvents which evaporate before t
32、he curing process is complete. 1.2.9 cure the chemical reaction resulting in the final polymerized product 1.2.10 pinhole a small defect in the lining that would permit corrosion of the substrate under the conditions for which the lining is designed NOTEThe word “pinhole” is synonymous with “holiday
33、” and “pore”. 1) These terms have been extracted from BS1755-1. 2) Where the words “purchaser”, “fabricator”, “applicator” and “inspection authority” occur in the text, they are intended also to include representatives of the purchaser, fabricator, applicator and inspection authority.BS6374-4:1984 2
34、 BSI 03-1999 1.2.11 blister a gas or liquid filled cavity within the lining material or between the lining and substrate 1.3 Exchange of information Early consultation shall be arranged between all parties concerned with the application of this standard, to establish the following information which
35、shall be fully documented. Both the definitive requirements specified in this standard and the documented items shall be satisfied before a claim of compliance with the standard can be made and verified. a) Design and fabrication details of the equipment to be lined and provision of drawings (see2.2
36、, 2.3, 2.4 and2.5). b) Details of gasket materials (see2.2.9 and2.2.10). c) Details of the contents of the vessels or equipment, including trace materials see3.1.1 a). d) The design temperature see3.1.1 b). e) The design pressure see3.1.1 c). f) The details of any solids to be handled see3.1.1 e). g
37、) The methods of heating and/or cooling see3.1.1 b). h) Cleaning methods, for example, water washing, solvent washing, boiling out or steaming see3.1.1 a). i) Where the lining work will be done. j) Site conditions that may affect the work, for example availability of services. k) Any special require
38、ments for materials used in blast cleaning (see4.1.1.3 and4.1.2.2). l) The type of material to be used for lining (see3.1.1). m) The minimum thickness of the lining and where applicable the maximum thickness (see3.2.2). n) The provision of test pieces (see3.2.1 and5.2.4). o) The maximum number of pi
39、nholes per square metre of surface if they are permitted (see3.3). p) When the lining is to be applied outside the applicators works and the resin as applied contains solvents, the types of solvents shall be stated, together with their flash points and threshold limit values. q) The minimum and maxi
40、mum allowable temperature that is required for the correct application of the lining (see4.2). r) The minimum temperature required during the curing of the lining and where applicable the curing schedule (see4.2). s) Inspection techniques/procedures to be employed, acceptance levels and stages of in
41、spection (see5.1 and5.2). t) Use of different materials for repair (see7.1.5). u) Handling, transport, storage and installation procedure (see3.1.1 g) and8.1.1 to8.1.7). 1.4 Compliance 1.4.1 Fabricator The fabricator shall comply with the following: a) section 2 see1.3 a); b) 5.1 a) andb); c) Sectio
42、n 8 as agreed in1.3 u). 1.4.2 Applicator The applicator shall comply with the following: a) Section 3 (but see3.2.1); b) Section 4; c) 5.1 c),d),e) andf); d) Section 6; e) Section 7; f) Section 8 as agreed in1.3 u).BS 6374-4:1984 BSI 03-1999 3 Section 2. Design, fabrication and surface finish of equ
43、ipment to be lined 2.1 General The basic design, fabrication and testing for mechanical reliability of the equipment to be lined shall be carried out to appropriate British Standards and shall comply with2.2 and2.3 or2.4 and2.5, as appropriate, before the lining operation commences. 2.2 Design of me
44、tal equipment to be lined 2.2.1 Equipment to be lined shall be sufficiently rigid that there is no possibility of deformation which would result in damage to the lining during transportation, installation and operation. When stiffeners are required, they shall normally be applied to the unlined side
45、 of the equipment. 2.2.2 The arrangements for the lifting of equipment shall be determined at the design stage. 2.2.3 The design of all equipment shall allow for access during the preparation of the surface and application of the lining and for venting of fumes evolved during the operation. In compl
46、etely enclosed vessels there shall be at least one manhole that after lining complies with BS470 and one additional branch of not less than75mm bore to permit adequate circulation of air. NOTEIt is recommended that, where practicable, the minimum diameter of a manhole should be600mm. 2.2.4 Riveted c
47、onstructions shall not be used. 2.2.5 Bolted joints shall be permitted only if they can be dismantled for lining. 2.2.6 Surfaces to be lined shall be of a smooth contour. 2.2.7 Discontinuities, crevices and sharp projections shall be avoided. 2.2.8 Fittings that have to be installed after the comple
48、tion of the lining process shall be designed to be lined or fabricated from materials that will not be affected by the process conditions. 2.2.9 Normally all connections to lined parts of equipment shall be flanged. If for any reason screwed connections are required, then these parts shall be fabric
49、ated in corrosion-resistant materials. 2.2.10 All nozzles and outlets shall be as short as possible, straight and flanged. Flange faces shall have a plain surface to allow the lining to continue over the face. 2.2.11 Heating coils, immersion heaters and sparger pipes shall be installed after the completion of the lining process and shall be located so that no part is closer than100mm from a lined surface. In the case of nozzles through which heating coils, etc. enter equipment, a smaller clearance is permitted provided that the temperature of the
