1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS 8539:2012Code of practice for theselection and installation ofpost-installed anchors inconcrete and masonryPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice display
2、ed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution 2012Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 70329 4ICS 21.060.99; 91.080.40The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference B/514Draft for comment 12/30
3、215639 DCPublication historyFirst published October 2012Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 8539:2012 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword ivIntroduction 11 Scope 22 Normative references 23 Terms, definitions and symbols 24 Roles and responsibilities 104.1 Manufacturer/supplier 104.2
4、 Designer 114.3 Specifier 114.4 Contractor 114.5 Installer 124.6 Supervisor 124.7 Tester 125 Selection and specification of anchors 135.1 Information to be assembled 145.2 Preliminary design considerations 145.3 Factors determining anchor type 155.4 Factors determining anchor size 315.5 Completing t
5、he specification 316 Information to be provided by manufacturer/supplier, designer andspecifier 326.1 General 326.2 Information to be provided by the manufacturer/supplier to thespecifier 326.3 Information to be provided by the designer to the specifier 336.4 Information to be provided by the specif
6、ier to the contractor/installer 336.5 Information to be provided by the manufacturer/supplier to thecontractor/installer 346.6 Information to be provided by the specifier to the tester 347 Installation of anchors 347.1 General 347.2 Installation procedures 357.3 Aspects of installation 357.4 Strengt
7、h of concrete at the time of installation 397.5 Hitting reinforcement 397.6 Installing anchors in masonry 408 Supervision, inspection and certification of installed anchors 408.1 Supervision 408.2 Inspection 418.3 Certification 419 Testing of anchors 419.1 General 429.2 Tests to determine the allowa
8、ble resistance 429.3 Tests to check the quality of installation 429.4 Testing in tension and shear 439.5 Test procedures and recording of results 4310 Change management alternative anchors 44AnnexesAnnex A (informative) Design methods 45Annex B (normative) Site testing regimes 51Annex C (informative
9、) Types of anchors 60Annex D (informative) Selection process for anchors with and without ETAs 69Annex E (informative) Static and non-static actions 72Annex F (informative) Types of corrosion 72Bibliography 75BRITISH STANDARD BS 8539:2012 The British Standards Institution 2012 iIndex 78List of figur
10、esFigure 1 Flowchart for overall process of selection and installation ofanchors 1Figure 2 Flowchart for selection process 13Figure 3 Characteristic and minimum edge and spacing dimensions 18Figure 4 The relationship between embedment depth and concrete conefailure 18Figure 5 General anchor position
11、ing guidance in brickwork 22Figure 6 Anchor positioning for fixing anchors in joints 22Figure 7 Locations in joints for test anchors when anchors are to be installedthrough render or plaster 23Figure 8 Embedment and hole depths in brickwork 23Figure9Tensile, shear and combined actions 25Figure 10 Ex
12、ample of a bending action 25Figure 11 Example of a compressive action 26Figure 12 Hole depths 36Figure 13 Embedment depths 37Figure A.1 Comparison between load levels of partial and global safety factorapproaches 46Figure A.2 Relationship of resolved components of combined action to designresistance
13、 at angles between tension and shear PSF approach 49Figure A.3 Interaction diagram for combined tensile and shear actionsaccording to ETAG 001 50Figure B.1 Preliminary tests relationship between characteristic action andtest load 54Figure B.2 Illustration of tests when one anchor fails to reach Ntes
14、t55Figure B.3 Illustration of test results when all anchors have been loaded tofailure 55Figure B.4 Illustration of treatment of results to determine allowableresistance 56Figure C.1 Relationship between bolt tension, clamping force and serviceaction 60Figure C.2 Throughbolt type of expansion anchor
15、 61Figure C.3 Thick-walled sleeve anchor 61Figure C.4 Thin-walled sleeve anchor 61Figure C.5 Shield type expansion anchor 61Figure C.6 Undercut anchor, undercut pre-formed during drilling process 61Figure C.7 Self-undercutting anchor 61Figure C.8 Self-tapping screw type anchor 62Figure C.9 Deformati
16、on-controlled expansion anchor 62Figure C.10 Drop-in type anchor with expander plug driven fully to the base ofthe anchor 62Figure C.11 Diagram illustrating mechanical interlock between resin of bondedanchor and base material 63Figure C.12 Bonded anchor with threaded anchor rod 63Figure C.13 Bonded
17、anchor with internally threaded socket 63Figure C.14 Post-installed rebar anchors (starter bars) installed using injectionresin systems 64Figure C.15 Torque-controlled bonded anchor 64Figure C.16 Traditional glass “spin-in” resin capsule 65Figure C.17 Foil or soft skin type “spin-in” resin capsule 6
18、5Figure C.18 Injection cartridge 65Figure C.19 Force-controlled expansion anchor for suspended ceilings 66Figure C.20 Deformation-controlled expansion anchor for suspended ceilings all steel components 67Figure C.21 Traditional plastic plug 67Figure C.22 Frame fixing 68Figure C.23 Plastic plug with
19、screw-in eye 68BRITISH STANDARDBS 8539:2012ii The British Standards Institution 2012Figure C.24 Bonded anchor used in single skin brickwork, solid brick 68Figure C.25 Bonded anchor used in single skin brickwork, perforated brick,using mesh sleeve to control resin loss in voids 68Figure C.26 Bonded a
20、nchor used in solid double skin (not cavity) brickworkusing steel mesh sleeve to control resin loss in gap between bricks 69Figure C.27 Special injection anchor with outward tapering hole for use inaerated concrete 69Figure D.1 Flow chart for process of determining anchor usage in relationto ETAs in
21、 concrete 70Figure D.2 Flow chart for process of determining anchor usage in relationto ETAs in masonry 71List of tablesTable 1 Anchor materials used to minimize the risk of corrosion 28Table B.1 Factors used in preliminary tests 53Table F.1 Galvanic effect on the rate of corrosion of anchors and fi
22、xtures inrural or urban areas 73Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to vi,pages 1 to 80, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8539:2012 The British Standards Institution 2012 iiiForewordPublishing informationThis British Standard
23、 is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 31 October 2012.It was prepared by Technical Committee B/514, Access and support equipment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secre
24、tary.Information about this documentThis British Standard is intended to be used by a wide range of people involvedin the selection and installation of anchors, and some clauses are of particularinterest to specific parties, as follows: all parties: Clause 3 and Clause 4; designers: Clause 5, 6.3 an
25、d Clause 10; specifiers: Clause 5, 6.4, 6.6, Clause 9, Clause 10, Annex A, Annex B, Annex Cand Annex D; manufacturers/suppliers: Clause 5, 6.2, 6.5 and Clause 10; contractors: Clause 7, Clause 8 and 10; installers: Clause 7 and Clause 10; testers: Clause 9 and Annex B.It is recommended that all part
26、ies read the whole document.Product certification/inspection/testing. Users of this British Standard are advisedto consider the desirability of selecting anchors with a relevant EuropeanTechnical Approval (ETA)1). ETAs are awarded by Approval Bodies after acomprehensive test and assessment regime ca
27、rried out to the relevant EuropeanTechnical Approval Guideline (ETAG) or Common Understanding of AssessmentProcedure (CUAP), which also contain appropriate conformity attestationarrangements. Users seeking assistance in identifying appropriate conformityassessment bodies or schemes may ask BSI to fo
28、rward their enquiries to therelevant association.NOTE Anchors with ETAs, depending on the particular ETAG and options withinit, can be designed to suit a wide range of application conditions (see Clause 5and Annex A). Guidance on ETAs is given in ETAs and design methods for anchorsused in constructi
29、on 1 and the EOTA website (www.eota.be) last accessed24 October 2012.Use of this documentAs a code of practice, this British Standard takes the form of guidance andrecommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification andparticular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compl
30、iance are notmisleading.Any user claiming compliance with this British Standard is expected to be able tojustify any course of action that deviates from its recommendations.1)At the time of publication of this British Standard, it is expected that EuropeanTechnical Approval Guidelines will be replac
31、ed by European Assessment Documentsand European Technical Approvals will be replaced by European Technical Assessmentsupon implementation of EU Regulation 305/2011 (Construction ProductsRegulation) 2 in July 2013.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8539:2012iv The British Standards Institution 2012It has been assume
32、d in the preparation of this British Standard that theexecution of its provisions will be entrusted to appropriately qualified andexperienced people, for whose use it has been produced.Presentational conventionsThe provisions in this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Itsrecommenda
33、tions are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include
34、all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.In particular, attention is drawn to the Construction ProductsRegulations 1991 3 and Construction Products (Amendment)Regulatio
35、ns 1994 4.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8539:2012 The British Standards Institution 2012 vBRITISH STANDARDBS 8539:2012This page deliberately left blankvi The British Standards Institution 2012IntroductionAnchors play an important role in construction, in particular:a) they allow for the secure attachment of a
36、 fixture, which can be a structuralelement, to the base material;b) there is a wide variety of anchors available for different applications.Every anchorage has three elements: anchor: the device that fastens the fixture to the base material; base material: the material into which the anchor is insta
37、lled; fixture: the item to be fixed to the base material.The performance of anchors is influenced by many application parameters,which need to be taken into account in their selection. Performance is alsoaffected by the quality of installation.If anchors are not selected and installed correctly, the
38、y might not have thecapability to resist loads as intended. The security of the fixture and, in somecases, the structure might then be compromised, leading to failure withconsequential economic loss, injury, or even death. This British Standard isintended to facilitate all stakeholders involved in t
39、he use of anchors to achievethe security required by the design.Figure 1 shows a simple outline of the overall approach to be taken to ensurethat connections are safe and that they meet the overall design requirements.Figure 1 Flowchart for overall process of selection and installation of anchorsBRI
40、TISH STANDARD BS 8539:2012 The British Standards Institution 2012 11 ScopeThis British Standard gives recommendations for the safe selection andinstallation of anchors for use in concrete and masonry. It is intended to providepractical guidance for designers, specifiers, manufacturers, suppliers, co
41、ntractors,installers and testers of anchors.In particular, this British Standard applies to the selection and installation ofanchors which are used in safety-critical applications.This British Standard is restricted to the use of anchors which are inserted intoconcrete and masonry in drilled holes.2
42、 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in thisdocument and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, onlythe edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of thereferenced document (including any amendments
43、) applies.N1CONSTRUCTION FIXINGS ASSOCIATION. Procedure for site testingconstruction fixings 2012. CFA Guidance Note. Oakham, Leicestershire:CFA, 2012.3 Terms, definitions and symbolsNOTE Where possible, terminology and notation have been used which arecommon with European standards. Some new termin
44、ology and notation have beendeveloped for aspects not covered by European standards.3.1 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this British Standard, the following terms and definitionsapply.3.1.1 actions3.1.1.1 actionload (force) transferred into a base material by a fixture via an anchor3.1.1.2
45、bending actionaction applied to an anchor with a lever arm3.1.1.3 characteristic actionaction applied by a fixture to an anchor or group of anchorsNOTE This is sometimes known as an “unfactored load” or “applied load”.3.1.1.4 characteristic permanent actioncomponent of a characteristic action that i
46、s likely to act throughout the life ofthe structure, and for which the variation in magnitude with time is negligibleNOTE This is commonly known as a “dead load”.3.1.1.5 characteristic variable actioncomponent of a characteristic action for which the variation in magnitude withtime is neither neglig
47、ible nor monotonic (i.e. in the same direction)NOTE This is commonly known as an “imposed load” or “live load”.3.1.1.6 combined actioncombination of tensile and shear actions applied simultaneouslyBRITISH STANDARDBS 8539:20122 The British Standards Institution 20123.1.1.7 design actionaction derived
48、 from the characteristic action by application of a partial safetyfactor for the actionNOTE This is sometimes known as a “factored load”.3.1.1.8 non-static actionaction which can be characterized by fatigue, seismic or shock actions3.1.1.9 quasi-static actionvariable action which is treated as being
49、 static3.1.1.10 seismic actionaction resulting from seismic activity (earthquakes) transmitted from the groundto the anchorage via the building structure3.1.1.11 shock actionsingle action of high magnitude occurring over short duration (milliseconds)3.1.1.12 static actionaction comprising loads which are constant (permanent actions) and/or thosewhich change only slowly (variable actions)3.1.2 anchormanufactured device for achieving
