1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58rural electrification Part 8-1: Selection of batteries and battery management systems for stand-alo
2、ne electrification systems Specific case of automotive flooded lead-acid batteries available in developing countriesICS 27.160; 27.180Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENTDD IEC/TS 62257-8-1:2007DD IEC/TS 62257-8-1:2007This Draft for Development was
3、published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 September 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 56931 9an international Standard, to extend the life of the Technical Specification or to withdraw it. Comments should be sent to the Secretary of the responsible BSI Technical Co
4、mmittee at British Standards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee GEL/82, Solar photovoltaic energy systems.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publ
5、ication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentsthat UK experience can be reported to the international organization responsible for its conversion to an interna
6、tional standard. A review of this publication will be initiated not later than 3 years after its publication by the international organization so that a decision can be taken on its status. Notification of the start of the review period will be made in an announcement in the appropriate issue of Upd
7、ate Standards.According to the replies received by the end of the review period, the responsible BSI Committee will decide whether to support the conversion into National forewordThis Draft for Development is the UK implementation of IEC/TS 62257-8-1:2007. This publication is not to be regarded as a
8、 British Standard.It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications and is of a provisional nature. It should be applied on this provisional basis, so that information and experience of its practical application can be obtained.Comments arising from the use of this Draft for Dev
9、elopment are requested so TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION IECTS 62257-8-1First edition2007-06Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification Part 8-1: Selection of batteries and battery management systems for stand-alone electrification systems Specific case of automo
10、tive flooded lead-acid batteries available in developing countries Reference number IEC/TS 62257-8-1:2007(E) DD IEC/TS 62257-8-1:2007CONTENTS INTRODUCTION.3 1 Scope.4 2 Normative references .4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Batteries and battery management system selection 7 4.1 Batteries technical ch
11、aracteristics .7 4.1.1 Battery cases 7 4.1.2 Battery terminals .7 4.1.3 Electrolyte .7 4.2 Comparative tests .8 4.2.1 Evaluation of the charge and discharge current for testing (Itest).8 4.2.2 Test 1: Battery endurance test.8 4.2.3 Test 2: Endurance test for battery+BMS 13 4.2.4 Test 3: Battery stor
12、ability test 15 5 Documentation .16 6 Installation rules .17 6.1 Packing and shipping 17 6.2 Environment17 6.3 Battery accommodation, housing.18 6.3.1 Provision against electrolyte hazard 18 6.3.2 Prevention of short circuits and protection from other effects of electric current 19 6.3.3 Battery enc
13、losures.19 6.4 Final inspection .20 6.5 Safety .20 6.5.1 Safety provisions .20 6.5.2 Safety Information .20 6.6 Administrative formalities 21 6.7 Recycling 21 Figure 1 Test 1 phases 9 Figure 2 Phase A battery endurance test .10 Figure 3 Phase B battery endurance test .11 Figure 4 Test 2 phases 13 Fi
14、gure 5 Phase C battery-BMS endurance test.14 Figure 6 Test 3 phases 15 Figure 7 Phase D storability test 16 Figure 8 Marking for spillage prevention 17 Table 1 Testing procedure .8 Table 2 Evaluation of charge and discharge current (Itest).8 Table 3 Voltage regulation variation with temperature (exa
15、mples)9 DD IEC/TS 62257-8-1:2007 2 INTRODUCTION The IEC 62257 series of documents intends to provide to different players involved in rural electrification projects (such as project implementers, project contractors, project supervisors, installers, etc.) documents for the setting up of renewable en
16、ergy and hybrid systems with a.c. voltage below 500 V, d.c. voltage below 750 V and power below 100 kVA. These documents are recommendations: to choose the right system for the right place; to design the system; to operate and maintain the system. These documents are focused only on rural electrific
17、ation concentrating on but not specific to developing countries. They must not be considered as all inclusive to rural electrification. The documents try to promote the use of renewable energies in rural electrification; they do not deal with clean mechanisms developments at this time (CO2emission,
18、carbon credit, etc.). Further developments in this field could be introduced in future steps. This consistent set of documents is best considered as a whole with different parts corresponding to items for safety, sustainability of systems and at the lowest life cycle cost as possible. One of the mai
19、n objectives is to provide the minimum sufficient requirements, relevant to the field of application that is: small renewable energy and hybrid off-grid systems. For rural electrification project using PV systems, it is recommended to use solar batteries defined in IEC 61427. Nevertheless in many si
20、tuations, it is a fact that most of the rural electrification projects are implemented using locally made automotive flooded leadacid batteries. But these products are not designed for photovoltaic systems application. There is presently no test to discriminate, in a panel of models of such batterie
21、s, which one could provide the best service as close as possible to the requirement of the General Specification as a storage application for small PV individual electrification systems (see IEC 62257-2) in an economically viable way. The purpose of Part 8-1 of IEC 62257 is to propose tests for auto
22、motive lead acid batteries and batteries management systems used in small PV Individual Electrification Systems This document and the others in the IEC 62257 series are only guidance and so cannot be international standards. Additionally, their subject is still under technical development and so the
23、y shall be published as Technical Specifications. NOTE The IEC 62257 series of Technical Specifications is based on IEC/PAS 62111 (1999-07) and is developed in accordance with the PAS procedure. DD IEC/TS 62257-8-1:2007 3 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SMALL RENEWABLE ENERGY AND HYBRID SYSTEMS FOR RURAL ELECTR
24、IFICATION Part 8-1: Selection of batteries and battery management systems for stand-alone electrification systems Specific case of automotive flooded lead-acid batteries available in developing countries 1 Scope This Technical Specification proposes simple, cheap, comparative tests in order to discr
25、iminate easily, in a panel of automotive flooded lead-acid batteries the most acceptable model for PV Individual Electrification Systems. It could be particularly useful for project implementers to test in laboratories of developing countries, the capability of locally made car or truck batteries to
26、 be used for their project. Furthermore battery testing specifications usually need too costly and too much sophisticated test equipment to be applied in developing countries laboratories. The tests provided in this document allow to assess batteries performances according to the general specificati
27、on of the project (see IEC 62257-2) and batteries associated with their Battery Management System (BMS) in a short time and with common technical means. They can be performed locally, as close as possible to the real site operating conditions. The document provides also regulations and installation
28、conditions to be complied with in order to ensure the life and proper operation of the installations as well as the safety of people living in proximity to the installation. This document is not a type approval standard. It is a technical specification to be used as guidelines and does not replace a
29、ny existing IEC standard on batteries. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendmen
30、ts) applies. IEC 60050-482, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Part 482: Primary and secondary cells and batteries IEC 61427, Secondary cells and batteries for photovoltaic energy systems (PVES) General requirements and methods of test IEC 62257 (all parts), Recommendations for small re
31、newable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions for secondary cells and batteries given in IEC 60050-482 and the following apply. DD IEC/TS 62257-8-1:2007 4 3.1 electrochemical cell or battery electroche
32、mical system capable of storing in chemical form the electric energy received and which can give it back by conversion 3.2 secondary cell cell which is designed to be electrically recharged NOTE The recharge is accomplished by way of a reversible chemical reaction. IEV 482-01-03 3.3 storage battery
33、(secondary battery) two or more secondary cells connected together and used as a source of electric energy 3.4 lead-acid battery storage battery in which the electrodes are made mainly from lead and the electrolyte is a sulphuric acid solution 3.5 terminal (pole) conductive part provided for the con
34、nection of a cell or battery to external conductors 3.6 density commonly considered as the volumic mass, in kg / dm3NOTE Density is also defined as a dimensionless magnitude expressing the ratio of the electrolyte mass to the water mass occupying the same volume at 4C. 3.7 electrolyte liquid or soli
35、d substance containing mobile ions which render it ionically conductive NOTE The electrolyte may be liquid, solid or a gel. IEV 482-02-29 3.8 dry charged battery state of delivery of some types of secondary battery where the cells contain no electrolyte and the plates are dry and in a charged state
36、IEV 482-05-30 3.9 self-discharge phenomenon by which a cell or battery loses energy in other ways than by discharge into and external circuit IEV 482-03-27 3.10 observed battery capacity quantity of electricity or electrical charge that a battery in high state of charge can deliver under the propose
37、d test conditions. In practice, battery capacity is expressed in Ampere-hours(Ah) DD IEC/TS 62257-8-1:2007 5 3.11 nominal capacity suitable approximate quantity of electricity, used to identify the capacity of a cell or a battery NOTE This value is usually expressed in Ampere-hours (Ah). 3.12 rated
38、capacity (of a cell or a battery) quantity of electricity, declared by the manufacturer, which a cell or a battery can deliver under specified conditions after a full charge NOTE 1 The rated capacity shown on the battery label is given for a discharge period which depends on the technology used in t
39、he battery. NOTE 2 The capacity of a battery is higher when it is discharged slowly. For example, variations are in the order of 10 % to 20 % between a capacity measured over 5 hours and a capacity measured over 100 hours. 3.13 short-circuit current maximum current given by a battery into a circuit
40、of a very low resistance compared with that of the battery, under specified conditions 3.14 charge rate electric current at which a secondary cell or battery is charged NOTE The charge rate is expressed as the reference current It = Cr/n where Cr is the rated capacity declared by the manufacturer an
41、d n is the time base in hours for which the rated capacity is declared.IEV 482-05-45 3.15 ambient temperature temperature of the medium in the immediate vicinity of a battery 3.16 gassing of a cell evolution of a gas resulting from electrolysis of the water in the electrolyte of a cell IEV 482-05-51
42、 3.17 constant current charge charge during which the electric current is maintained at a constant value regardless of the battery voltage or temperature IEV 482-05-38 3.18 initial charge commissioning charge given to a new battery to bring it to the fully charged state 3.19 cycling (of a cell or ba
43、ttery) set of operations that is carried out on a secondary cell or battery and is repeated regularly in the same sequence NOTE In a secondary battery these operations may consist of a sequence of a discharge followed by a charge of a charge followed by a discharge under specified conditions. This s
44、equence may include rest periods. IEV 482-05-28 DD IEC/TS 62257-8-1:2007 6 3.20 commissioning final checking of installation and operation of a battery on site. 3.21 BMS battery management system (or battery charge/discharge controller) 4 Batteries and battery management system selection 4.1 Battery
45、 technical characteristics 4.1.1 Battery cases Battery cases shall be made of suitable materials capable of withstanding impacts and shocks and resistant to acid. 4.1.2 Battery terminals Terminals shall be protected against accidental short circuits. Positive and negative polarities shall be identif
46、ied. 4.1.3 Electrolyte The electrolyte for lead acid batteries is prepared from special sulphuric acid for storage batteries. It shall be colorless, odorless and free of all insoluble material deposits. As there is no standard for such an electrolyte, impurity levels shall follow the battery manufac
47、turer requirements. The electrolyte level checking interval varies depending on: the type of battery; the temperature; the use; the regulation algorithms of the charge controller; the battery age; the quality of distilled water; the PV resource. The service interval would be determined by the above
48、parameters and electrolyte reservoir size which is a specification of the specific battery used. Care should be used to ensure that the service interval is within the capability of the maintenance organization. The batteries shall be designed in order to be able to check the electrolyte levels and t
49、o add distilled water. NOTE 1 Faradic water consumption for vented batteries: when a battery reaches its fully state of charge, water electrolysis occurs according to the Faradays Law. Under standard conditions: 1 Ah decomposes H2O into 0,42 dm3H2+ 0,21 dm3O2Decomposition of 1 cm3(1 g) H2O requires 3 Ah An estimation of water consumption of a battery is given by Battery H2O (g) consumption = (X Ah charged Y Ah discharged) number of cells in battery / 3. DD IEC/TS 62
