1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1015-7:1999 The Eur
2、opean Standard EN 1015-7:1998 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.100.10 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Methods of test for mortar for masonry Part 7: Determination of air content of fresh mortarBS EN 1015-7:1999 This British Standard, having been prep
3、ared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 February 1999 BSI 02-1999 ISBN 0 580 30749 2 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected National foreword
4、 This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1015-7:1998. It is included in a package of standards declared by CEN/TC 125 that will partially supersede BS 4551-1, Methods of testing mortars, screeds and plasters Part 1: Physical testing, the corresponding test methods of which, it is
5、 intended, will be withdrawn on 30 September 2000 if all the European Standards inlcuded in the package are available. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/519, Masonry and associated testing, to Subcommittee B/519/2, Mortar, which has the responsibility to:
6、 aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations repres
7、ented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspon
8、dence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of
9、 itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 5 and a back cover.CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secr
10、etariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1015-7:1998 E EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1015-7 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM October 1998 ICS 91.100.10 Descriptors: air content, pr
11、essure method, alcohol method English version Methods of test for mortar for masonry Part 7: Determination of air content of fresh mortar Me thodes dessai des mortiers pour mac onnerie Partie 7: De termination de la teneur en air du mortier frais Pru fverfahren fu rM o rtel fu r Mauerwerk Teil 7: Be
12、stimmung des Luftgehaltes von Frischmo rtel This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 September 1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterat
13、ion. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translat
14、ion under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Ita
15、ly, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.Page 2 EN 1015-7:1998 BSI 02-1999 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 125, Masonry, the Secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given
16、the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 1999, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2000. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European C
17、ommission and the European Free Trade Association and includes the performance requirements referred to in the Eurocode for masonry structures. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Stan
18、dard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Principle 3 4 Symbols 3 5 Apparatus
19、3 6 Sampling, preparation and storage of test samples 3 7 Method A Pressure method 3 8 Method B Alcohol method 4 9 Test report 4 Annex A (normative) Calibration of the pressure test apparatus 5Page 3 EN 1015-7:1998 BSI 02-1999 1 Scope This European Standard specifies two methods for determining the
20、air content of fresh mortars including those containing mineral binders and both dense and lightweight aggregates. Method A “The pressure method” and Method B “The alcohol method”. For air content less than 20 %, method A is applicable. For air content of 20 % or more, method B is applicable. 2 Norm
21、ative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of
22、 any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. prEN 998-1, Specification for mortar for masonry Part 1: Rendering and plastering mortar with inorganic
23、binding agents. prEN 998-2, Specification for mortar for masonry Part 2: Masonry mortar. EN 1015-2, Methods of test for mortar for masonry Part 2: Bulk sampling of mortars and preparation of test mortars. prEN 1015-3, Methods of test for mortar for masonry Part 3: Determination of consistence of fre
24、sh mortar (by flow table). 3 Principle A volume of mortar is placed into a specified measuring vessel. Water is introduced on top of the mortar surface, and by means of applied air-pressure or the use of an alcohol-water mix water is forced into the mortar displacing air from within any pores. The w
25、ater level falls and reflects the volume of air displaced from the mortar. 4 Symbols L air content of mortar (%); V m,i initial volume of mortar (ml); V m,f final volume of mortar plus alcohol (ml). 5 Apparatus 5.1 Apparatus for Method A Pressure method 5.1.1 Sample container and cover assembly, com
26、prising a metal bowl (sample container) with a capacity of approximately 1 litre, fitted with a metal cover assembly to which is attached a sealed air chamber (pressure chamber). A pressure gauge for measurement of the applied air pressure (see Figure A.1) is connected to it. 5.1.2 Tamper, consistin
27、g of a rigid, non-absorptive rod of circular cross-section, approximately 40 mm in diameter and approximately 200 mm long. The tamping face is flat and at right angles to the length of the tamper. The mass of the tamper is 0,250 kg 0,015 kg. 5.1.3 Trowel. 5.1.4 Palette knife. 5.2 Apparatus for Metho
28、d B Alcohol method 5.2.1 Graduated measuring cylinder, with a capacity of 500 ml and approximately 50 mm in diameter. 5.2.2 Rubber bung, fitting the measuring cylinder. 5.2.3 Funnel, fitting the measuring cylinder. 5.2.4 Trowel. 5.3 Materials for method B Alcohol method Mixture of ethyl alcohol, 60
29、% by volume, and water, 40 % by volume. 6 Sampling, preparation and storage of test samples The fresh mortar for this test shall have a minimum volume of 1,5 1 or at least 1,5 times the quantity needed to perform the test, whichever is the greater, and shall either be obtained by reduction of the bu
30、lk test sample (see EN 1015-2) using a sample divider or by quartering or by preparation from dry constituents and water in the laboratory. The flow value of the mortar in the bulk test sample shall be determined in accordance with prEN 1015-3 and reported. Laboratory mixed samples shall be brought
31、to a defined flow value as specified in EN 1015-2 before testing. Ready to use mortars (factory-made wet mortars which are retarded), and pre-batched air-lime/sand wet mortars when not gauged with hydraulic binders, shall be tested within their specified workable life. The length of mixing period sh
32、all be measured from the moment all the constituents are introduced into the mixer. Before testing, the batch shall be gently stirred by hand using a trowel (5.1.3 or 5.2.4) or palette knife (5.1.4) in 5 to 10 s to counteract any false setting etc., but without any additional mixing of the batch. An
33、y deviation from the mixing procedure shall be noted. Two test samples shall be tested. 7 Method A Pressure method 7.1 Applicability This method shall only be used for mortars with declared air contents of less than 20 %. 7.2 Operational principle A specified pressure is applied in the closed appara
34、tus by means of a hand pump or compressed air line through a valve connection at the top of the apparatus. The cover assembly (5.1.1) is fitted with air valves, air bleeder valves, and valves for bleeding off water or through which water may be introduced as necessary for the particular meter design
35、. The cover has machined smooth interior surfaces contoured to provide an air space above the top level of the sample container (5.1.1).Page 4 EN 1015-7:1998 BSI 02-1999 1) This information is contained in the certificate of sampling (see EN 1015-2). The operational principle of this meter consists
36、of equalizing a known volume of air at a known pressure in a sealed air chamber with the unknown volume of air in the mortar sample container, the two chambers being connected through an air valve. The lowered air pressure in the air chamber reflects the air content of the mortar sample and is read
37、from the dial on the pressure gauge, which is calibrated in terms of percentage of air for the observed pressure at which equalization takes place. 7.3 Procedure Fill the bowl completely with mortar in four approximately equal layers, each layer being compacted by 10 short strokes with the tamper (5
38、.1.2), evenly distributed to give a flat mortar surface. Using the palette knife skim off the excess mortar, leaving the mortar surface plane and level with the top edge of the bowl. Wipe the outside of the bowl clean and dry and clamp the cover securely in place on the bowl. Close the main air valv
39、e between the air chamber and the sample container (see annex A). Fill the air space under the cover and above the mortar with water through valve A, keeping valve B open until all the air above the mortar surface is expelled. Pump air into the sealed air chamber until a stabilized pressure is reach
40、ed equal to that determined in the calibration test (see annex A). Close both valves A and B and open the valve between the air chamber and the sample container. When equilibrium is reached read the air content from the calibrated pressure gauge or from a calibration curve. Record this value to the
41、nearest 0,1 %. 7.4 Calculation and expression of results Calculate the air content as the mean value from the two individual values of each mortar test sample rounded to the nearest 0,5 %. If the two individual values deviate more than 10 % from their mean value, repeat the test with two additional
42、test samples taken from the reduced bulk test sample, in which case use the individual and mean values of the two additional samples. 8 Method B Alcohol method 8.1 General This method shall only be used for mortars with declared air contents of 20 % or more. 8.2 Procedure Fill the measuring cylinder
43、 (5.2.1) with approximately 200 ml of mortar using the funnel (5.2.3), taking care to avoid creating voids in the mortar. Tap the measuring cylinder to level the mortar surface and record the mortar volume, V m,i ,t o the nearest ml. Pour the mixture of alcohol and water carefully into the measuring
44、 cylinder up to the 500 ml mark. Seal the measuring cylinder with the rubber bung and invert 20 times to obtain a complete dispersion of the mortar in the alcohol-water mixture. Let the mixture settle for 5 min and read the resulting surface level, V m,f , to the nearest ml. Repeat this process unti
45、l two consecutive readings do not differ by more than 1 ml. 8.3 Calculation and expression of results Calculate the air content, L, of each mortar sample from the following formula to the nearest 0,1 %. L = 3 100 % (5002 V m,f ) V m,i Calculate the mean value of the two measurements to the nearest 0
46、,5 %. If the two individual air content values deviate from their mean value by less than 10 %, use the mean value as the air content of the mortar. If the two individual values deviate from their mean value by more than 10 %, repeat the test using further mortar from the reduced bulk test sample (s
47、ee clause 6) and if the results deviate from their mean value by less than 10 % use the mean value from the repeat test as the air content of the mortar. If the results differ by more than 10 % consider the measurements unsatisfactory and take fresh test samples from the bulk test sample or laborato
48、ry prepared mortar and repeat the test. 9 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) the number, title and date of issue of this European Standard; b) the place, date and time of taking the bulk test sample 1) ; NOTE This is the sample taken from the bulk supply that is
49、to be used for all of the tests in EN 1015. c) the method used for taking the bulk test sample (if known) and the name of the organization that took it; d) the type, origin and designation of the mortar by reference to the relevant Part of prEN 998; e) the date and time of testing; f) preparation (mixing, casting) and storage (curing) conditions; g) the date and time of preparing test samples for test (i.e. date and time of any mixing, casting, moulding, or demoulding procedure, if appropriate); h) the flow value of th
