1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 1536:2010Execution of specialgeotechnical works BoredpilesLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 22/12/2010 06:59, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 1536:2010
2、 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1536:2010. Itsupersedes BS EN 1536:2000 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/526, Geotechnics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can b
3、eobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 65238 7ICS 93.020Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This
4、 British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2010.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 22/12/2010 06:59, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 1536:2010EUROPEAN STAND
5、ARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1536 September 2010 ICS 93.020 Supersedes EN 1536:1999English Version Execution of special geotechnical work - Bored piles Excution des travaux gotechniques spciaux - Pieux fors Ausfhrung von Arbeiten im Spezialtiefbau - Bohrpfhle This European Standard was app
6、roved by CEN on 2 July 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national s
7、tandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notifi
8、ed to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembo
9、urg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights
10、 of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1536:2010: ELicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 22/12/2010 06:59, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 1536:2010EN 1536:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 41 Scope 52 Normative referen
11、ces . 103 Terms and definitions 114 Information needed for the execution of the work 164.1 General . 164.2 Special features 165 Geotechnical investigation 175.1 General . 175.2 Specific requirements 186 Materials and products 196.1 Constituents 196.1.1 General . 196.1.2 Bentonite . 196.1.3 Polymers
12、196.1.4 Cement . 196.1.5 Aggregates 206.1.6 Water 216.1.7 Additions . 216.1.8 Admixtures 216.2 Support fluids 216.2.1 Bentonite suspensions 216.2.2 Polymer solutions . 226.3 Concrete 236.3.1 General . 236.3.2 Aggregates 236.3.3 Cement contents . 236.3.4 Water/cement ratio 236.3.5 Admixtures 246.3.6
13、Fresh concrete 246.3.7 Production of concrete 256.3.8 Sampling and testing on site . 256.4 Grout 266.5 Reinforcement . 266.6 Additional inserted products . 277 Considerations related to design 277.1 General . 277.2 Piles forming a wall 287.3 Excavation . 287.4 Precast concrete elements 297.5 Reinfor
14、cement . 297.5.1 General . 297.5.2 Longitudinal reinforcement . 297.5.3 Transverse reinforcement 307.6 Steel tubes and profile elements . 317.7 Minimum and nominal cover . 318 Execution . 328.1 Construction tolerances 328.1.1 Geometrical tolerances 32Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STAND
15、ARDS, 22/12/2010 06:59, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 1536:2010EN 1536:2010 (E) 3 8.1.2 Installation tolerances for reinforcement cage 338.1.3 Tolerances for trimming . 338.2 Excavation 348.2.1 General . 348.2.2 Methods and tools . 358.2.3 Excavations supported by casings . 368.2.4 Excavations sup
16、ported by fluids . 388.2.5 Boring with continuous flight augers 388.2.6 Unsupported excavation . 398.2.7 Enlargements . 398.3 Reinforcement . 408.3.1 General . 408.3.2 Joints 408.3.3 Bending of reinforcement . 408.3.4 Assembly of cages 408.3.5 Spacers . 418.3.6 Installation 418.4 Concreting and trim
17、ming 428.4.1 General . 428.4.2 Concreting in dry conditions 438.4.3 Concreting in submerged conditions 438.4.4 Extraction of casings 458.4.5 Permanent casings or linings 468.4.6 Concreting of continuous flight auger piles . 468.4.7 Prepacked piles . 468.4.8 Loss of immersion of tremie pipe or casing
18、 . 478.4.9 Precast concrete elements and steel tubes or profiles . 478.4.10 External grouting of bored piles 488.4.11 Trimming 488.5 Pile walls. 499 Supervision, testing and monitoring . 499.1 Construction controls . 499.2 Bored pile testing 509.2.1 General . 509.2.2 Pile load tests 519.2.3 Integrit
19、y tests . 5110 Records 5211 Special Requirements . 55Annex A (informative) Glossary. 57Annex B (informative) Examples for details and frequencies for monitoring and testing 65Annex C (informative) Sample records . 70Annex D (informative) Obligation of the provisions 77Bibliography 82Licensed Copy: W
20、ang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 22/12/2010 06:59, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 1536:2010EN 1536:2010 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 1536:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 288 “Execution of special geotechnical works”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This Eu
21、ropean Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the eleme
22、nts of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1536:1999. The general scope of TC 288 is the standardisation of the execution procedures for geotechnical works (incl
23、uding testing and control methods) and of the required material properties. WG15 has been charged to revise EN 1536:1999, with the subject area of bored piles, including barrettes, but not “micro piles“ of diameter less than 0,3 m. The design, planning and execution of bored piles call for experienc
24、e and knowledge in this specialised field. The execution phase requires skilled and qualified personnel and the present standard cannot replace the expertise of specialist contractor. The document has been prepared to complement EN 1997-1, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design Part 1: General rules and EN
25、 1997-2, Eurocode 7 Geotechnical design Part 2: Ground investigation and testing. Clause 7 “Considerations related to design“ of this European Standard expands on design only where necessary (e.g. the detailing of reinforcement), but provides full coverage of the construction and supervision require
26、ments. This standard contains additional requirements on concrete complementing the respective provisions of EN 206-1 and of EN 13670. The three standards are not yet fully accorded. It is anticipated that during future revisions several provisions now contained in EN 1536:2010, e.g. in 6.1, 6.3, 8.
27、3 and 8.4 could be transferred to EN 206-1 and EN 13670. The document has been revised by a working group comprising delegates from eleven European countries and the comments from ten European countries have been received and taken into account. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the
28、 national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherl
29、ands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 22/12/2010 06:59, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 1536:2010EN 1536:2010 (E) 5 1 Scope 1.1 This European Standard establishes general
30、principles for the execution of bored piles (see 3.2). NOTE 1 This standard covers piles or barrettes which are formed in the ground by excavation and are structural members used to transfer actions and/or limit deformations. NOTE 2 This standard covers piles with circular cross-section (see Figures
31、 1 and A.1a) and barrettes (see 3.3) with rectangular, T or L or any other similar cross-section (see Figure 2) concreted in a single operation. NOTE 3 In the standard the term pile is used for circular cross-section structure and the term barrette for other shapes. Both are bored piles. Key Key D S
32、haft diameter L Barrette length W Barrette thickness A Cross-sectional area of the shaft Figure 1 Bored pile with circular cross-section Figure 2 Bored pile with non circular cross-section (barrettes) 1.2 This European Standard applies to bored piles (see Figure 3) with: uniform cross-section (strai
33、ght shaft); telescopically changing shaft dimensions; excavated base enlargements; or excavated shaft enlargements. NOTE The shape of a pile base and of an enlargement depends on the tool used for the excavation. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 22/12/2010 06:59, Uncontrolled C
34、opy, (c) BSIBS EN 1536:2010EN 1536:2010 (E) 6 Key Key D Shaft diameter n Rake DBBase enlargement diameter DEShaft enlargement diameter Figure 3 Examples for straight shaft piles and piles with shaft and base enlargement Figure 4 Definition of the rake1.3 This European Standard applies (see Note) to:
35、 bored piles with a depth to width ratio 5; piles (see Figures 1 and 3) with a shaft diameter 0,3 m D 3,0 m; barrettes (see Figure 2) with the least dimension Wi 0,4 m, a ratio LBiB / Wibetween its largest and its least dimensions 6 and a cross-sectional area A 15 m; piles with circular precast elem
36、ents used as structural member (see Figure 7) with a least dimension DP 0,3 m; barrettes with rectangular precast elements used as structural member with a least dimension WP 0,3 m. NOTE The standard covers a large range of diameters. For small diameter bored piles less than 450 mm, the general spec
37、ification can be adapted to cater for the lack of space (e.g. minimum bars number and spacing). 1.4 This European Standard applies to piles with the following rake (see Figure 4): n 4 ( 76); n 3 ( 72) for permanently cased piles. 1.5 This European Standard applies to bored piles with the following d
38、imensions of the shaft or base enlargements (see Figure 3): a) base enlargements: 1) in non-cohesive ground: DB/ D 2; 2) in cohesive ground: DB/ D 3; b) shaft enlargements in any ground: DE/ D 2; Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 22/12/2010 06:59, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN
39、 1536:2010EN 1536:2010 (E) 7 c) slope of the enlargement in non-cohesive ground m 3; 1) in non-cohesive ground: m 3; 2) in cohesive ground: m 1,5; d) base enlargements area of barrettes: A 15 m; 1.6 The provisions of this European Standard apply to: single bored piles; bored pile groups (see Figure
40、5); walls formed by piles (see Figure 6). Key D Shaft diameter aiCentre to centre spacing of the piles Figure 5 Examples of pile groups Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 22/12/2010 06:59, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 1536:2010EN 1536:2010 (E) 8 a D c) Widely spaced pile wall
41、Key a Centre to centre spacing of the piles D Shaft diameter 1 Lagging Figure 6 Examples of pile walls 1.7 The bored piles which are the subject of this European Standard can be excavated by continuous or discontinuous methods using support methods for stabilizing the excavation walls where required
42、. 1.8 This European Standard applies only to construction methods that allow the designed cross-sections to be produced. 1.9 The provisions apply to bored piles (see Figure 7) constructed of: unreinforced (plain) concrete; reinforced concrete; concrete reinforced by means of special reinforcement su
43、ch as steel tubes, steel sections or steel fibres; precast concrete (including prestressed concrete) elements or steel tubes where the annular gap between the element or tube and the ground is filled by concrete, cement or cement-bentonite grout. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS
44、, 22/12/2010 06:59, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 1536:2010EN 1536:2010 (E) 9 a) Use of plain concrete b) Use of concrete with bar reinforcement c) Use of special reinforcement (steel section or tube) d) Use of precast concrete element as main or supplementary structural membere) Use of steel tube
45、 as main or supplementary structural member Key 1 Precast concrete element 2 Grout 3 Temporary casing (extracted) 4 Uncased excavation 5 Unreinforced or reinforced concrete or cement grout D Shaft diameter Figure 7 Examples of bored piles with circular cross-section 1.10 Micropiles, mixed-in-place c
46、olumns, columns constructed by jet grouting, ground improvement for piling, mixed-in-place pile bases and diaphragm walls are not covered by this European Standard. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 22/12/2010 06:59, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 1536:2010EN 1536:2010 (E) 10 2
47、 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 197-1:2000, Cement Part
48、1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements EN 206-1:2000, Concrete Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity EN 791, Drill rigs Safety EN 934-2, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout Part 2: Concrete admixtures Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling EN 996, Piling equipment Safety requirements EN 1008, Mixing water for concrete Specification for sampling, testing and assessing the suitability of water, including water recovered from processes in the concrete industry, as mixing water for concrete EN 19
