1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12457-1:2002 Characterisation of waste Leaching Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges Part 1: One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 2 l/kg for materials with high solid content and with particle size below 4 mm (without or with size
2、reduction) The European Standard EN 12457-1:2002 has the status of a British Standard ICS 13.030.10; 13.030.20 BS EN 12457-1:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Building and Civil Engineering Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the author
3、ity of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 15 October 2002 BSI 15 October 2002 ISBN 0 580 40583 4 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 12457-1:2002. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/508, Waste
4、management, to Subcommittee B/508/3, Characterisation of waste, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referre
5、d to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisio
6、ns of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or
7、 proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 27 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date d
8、isplayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN124571 September2002 ICS13.030.10;13.030.20 Englishversion CharacterisationofwasteLeachingCompliancetestfor leachingofgran
9、ularwastematerialsandsludgesPart1:One stagebatchtestataliquidtosolidratioof2l/kgformaterials withhighsolidcontentandwithparticlesizebelow4mm (withoutorwithsizereduction) CaractrisationdesdchetsLixiviationEssaide conformitpourlalixiviationdesdchetsfragmentsetdes bouesPartie1:Essaienbcheuniqueavecunra
10、pport liquidesolidede2l/kgetunegranularitinfrieure4mm (sansouavecrductiondelagranularit) CharakterisierungvonAbfllenAuslaugung bereinstimmungsuntersuchungfrdieAuslaugungvon krnigenAbfllenundSchlmmenTeil1:Einstufiges SchttelverfahrenmiteinemFlssigkeits /Feststoffverhltnisvon2l/kgfrMaterialienmithoche
11、m FeststoffgehaltundmiteinerKorngreunter4mm(ohne odermitKorngrenreduzierung) ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon17August2002. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.U
12、ptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsown
13、languageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom.
14、EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2002CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN124571:2002EEN124571:2002(E) 3 Foreword Thisdocument(EN124
15、571:2002)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC292,“Characterisationof waste“,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyNEN. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextor byendorsement,atthelatestbyJune2003,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnat
16、thelatestby June2003. ThisdocumenthasbeenpreparedunderamandategiventoCENbytheEuropeanCommissionandtheEuropean FreeTradeAssociation,andsupportsessentialrequirementsofEUDirective(s). ForrelationshipwithEUDirective(s),seeinformativeannexZA,whichisanintegralpartofthisdocument. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECI
17、nternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowing countriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland, France,Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain, Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom. Th
18、isdocumenthasbeendevelopedprimarilytosupporttherequirementsforcompliancetestingwithintheEUand EFTAcountries. Thisdocumentwaselaboratedonthebasisof: DIN38414S4:1984 AFNORX31210:1992 NEN7343:1992 NORMS2072:1990 NoexistingEuropeanStandardissupersededbythepublicationofthisEuropeanStandard. AnnexesA,B,C,
19、D,EandZAareinformative. ThisdocumentincludesaBibliography.EN124571:2002(E) 2 Contents Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normativereferences 5 3 Termsanddefinitions. .6 3.1 leachingtest . 6 3.2 leachant.6 3.3 eluate.6 3.4 singlebatchleachingtest .6 3.5 serialbatchleachingtest 6 3.6 liquidtosolidr
20、atioL/S (abbreviation:L/S) .6 3.7 liquidwaste .6 3.8 sludge6 3.9 monolithicwaste 6 3.10 granularwaste. .6 3.11 drymattercontentratio (abbreviation:DR) .7 3.12 moisturecontentratio (abbreviationMC) .7 3.13 laboratorysample 7 3.14 testsample .7 3.15 testportion . 7 4 Compliancetest . 7 4.1 Principle7
21、4.2 Equipmentandreagents .7 4.3 Samplingstrategyandsamplepreparation 8 5 Procedure .10 5.1 Testingconditions .10 5.2 Descriptionoftheprocedure 10 5.3 Furtherpreparationoftheeluateforanalysis 11 5.4 Blanktestfortheverificationoftheleachingprocedure . .11 6 Calculation12 7 Documentationandtestreport.
22、12 7.1 Samplepreparation .12 7.2 Productionofeluate 13 7.3 Analyticaldetermination .13 7.4 Calculationsandblanktestinformation . 13 8 Performancecharacteristics. 14 8.1 Objectiveofthevalidation . .14 8.2 Validationstudy .14 8.3 Validationresults .15 8.4 Summaryoftheperformancecharacteristicsevaluati
23、on . 17 AnnexA (informative) Informationontheinfluenceonthetestresultsoftheparametersthataffect leaching.19 AnnexB (informative) Testfordeterminingwhetherwasteisintheliquidstate.21 AnnexC (informative) ExampleofdatasheetforEN124571 .22 AnnexD (informative) ProcessmapforEN12457123 AnnexE (informative
24、) Exampleofaspecificliquidsolidseparationprocedureforsoilsample.25 AnnexZA (Informative) NationaldeviationAfromFrance .26 Bibliography 27EN124571:2002(E) 4 Introduction InthedifferentEuropeancountries,testshavebeendevelopedtocharacteriseandassesstheconstituentswhich canbeleachedfromwastematerials.Th
25、ereleaseofsolubleconstituentsuponcontactwithwaterisregardedasa mainmechanismofreleasewhichresultsinapotentialrisktotheenvironmentduringthereuseordisposalof wastematerials.Theintentofthesetestsistoidentifytheleachingpropertiesofwastematerials.Thecomplexityof theleachingprocessmakessimplificationsnece
26、ssary. Notalloftherelevantaspectsofleachingbehaviourcanbeaddressedinonestandard.Teststocharacterise wastematerialsandtheirbehaviourcangenerallybedividedintothreecategories: (1) “BasicCharacterisation“testsareusedtoobtaininformationontheshortandlongtermleaching behaviourandcharacteristicspropertiesof
27、wastematerials.Liquid/solid(L/S)ratios,leachantcomposition, factorscontrollingleachabilitysuchaspH,redoxpotential,complexingcapacityandphysicalparametersare addressedinthesetests; (2) “Compliance“testsareusedtodeterminewhetherthewastecomplieswithspecificreferencevalues.The testsfocusonkeyvariablesan
28、dleachingbehaviouridentifiedbybasiccharacterisationtests; (3) “Onsiteverification“testsareusedasarapidchecktoconfirmthatthewasteisthesameasthatwhich hasbeensubjectedtothecompliancetest(s). TheproceduresdescribedinthisEuropeanStandardfallincategory2:compliancetests. Thefourproceduresdescribedinthefou
29、rfollowingEuropeanStandardsarebasedondifferentliquidtosolid(L/S) ratiosanddifferentparticlesizesbecausetheseparameters,amongothers,playanimportantroleintheleaching process: EN124571, Onestagebatchtestataliquidtosolidratioof2l/kgformaterialswithhighsolidcontentandwith particlesizebelow4mm(withoutorwi
30、thsizereduction). EN124572, Onestagebatchtestataliquidtosolidratioof10l/kgformaterialswithparticlesizebelow4mm (withoutorwithsizereduction). EN124573, Twostagebatchtestataliquidtosolidratioof2l/kgand8l/kgformaterialswithhighsolidcontent andwithparticlesizebelow4mm(withoutorwithsizereduction). EN1245
31、74, Onestagebatchtestataliquidtosolidratioof10l/kgformaterialswithparticlesizebelow10mm (withoutorwithsizereduction). Eachpartspecifiesadistinctprocedure.Thespecificfeaturesofeachpartaredescribedinthescopeandprinciple ofeachpart.Forgivenwastestheresultscanbedifferentforthedifferentprocedures.Therear
32、esixannexesto thisEuropeanStandardgivingusefulinformationontheselectionoftheappropriateprocedure,reference documentsandguidanceonthelimitationsoftheseprocedures. Thechoiceoftheproceduredependsonthedegreeandtypeofinformationrequiredforcompliancetesting.This choicehastobemadebytheorganisationestablish
33、ingthecompliancerequirements. ThisEuropeanStandardspecifiesacompliancetest.Forbasiccharacterisation,amethodologyforthe determinationoftheleachingbehaviourofwastehasbeendevelopedwithinTC292andformulatedinENV12920.EN124571:2002(E) 5 1Scope ThispartoffourEuropeanStandardsspecifiesacompliancetestprovidi
34、nginformationonleachingofgranular wastesandsludgesundertheexperimentalconditionsspecifiedhereafter,andparticularlyaliquidtosolidratio of2l/kgdrymatter.Itappliestowastewhichhasaparticlesizebelow4mmwithoutorwithsizereduction(as specifiedin4.3.2) ThisEuropeanStandardhasbeendevelopedtoinvestigatemainlyi
35、norganicconstituentsfromwastes.Itdoesnot takeintoaccounttheparticularcharacteristicsofnonpolarorganicconstituentsnortheconsequencesof microbiologicalprocessesinorganicdegradablewastes. ThetestprocedurespecifiedinthisEuropeanStandardproducesaneluatewhichshallsubsequentlybe characterisedphysicallyandc
36、hemicallyaccordingtoappropriatestandardmethods. Thisprocedureisonlyapplicabletowastematerialandsludgeshavingahighsolidcontent:thedrymattercontent ratioshallbeatleasthigherthan33%.Inaddition,thenecessaryquantityofeluateshallbeobtainedtoperformthe physicalandchemicalcharacterisationoftheeluate.Further
37、more,theminimumdrymattercontentratioshallbe highenoughtoallowasufficientmixingoftheleachantandthetestportion. NOTE1 Thisprocedurecannotbeapplicabletomaterialswithawatercontentorsuchawateraffinitythatagoodmixingof thesolidwiththepredeterminedquantityofliquidisnotachievable. NOTE2 Thisprocedurecannotb
38、eapplicabletomaterialsreactingwiththeleachant,leading,forexample,toexcessivegas emission,asolidifyingeffectoranexcessiveheatrelease. NOTE3 Bycrushingthematerial,newsurfacesareexposedwhichmayleadtoachangeinleachingproperties. NOTE4 Inrelationwiththeminimumdrymattercontentratiorequiredforobtainingenou
39、gheluate,thetestportionspecified inthisEuropeanStandardof175gramdrymatterresultsinamaximumvolumeofeluateof175mlifitsdrymattercontentrat io is50%. Whenthispart1isnotapplicable,theleachingtestatL/S=10specifiedinpart2canbeperformed. Thistestcannotbeusedalonetodeterminetheleachingbehaviourofawaste,asspe
40、cifiedinENV12920. ThisEuropeanStandarddoesnotaddressissuesrelatedtohealthandsafety. 2 Normativereferences ThisEuropeanStandardincorporatesbydatedorundatedreference,provisionsfromotherpublications.These normativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetext,andthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.Fo
41、r datedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisEuropean Standardonlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelatesteditionofthe publicationreferredtoapplies(includingamendments). ENV12506, CharacterizationofwasteAnalysisofeluatesDetermin
42、ationofpH,As,Cd,CrVl,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn,Cl, NO 2 ,SO 4 2 . ENV13370, CharacterizationofwasteAnalysisofeluatesDeterminationofAmmoniumN,AOX,conductivity, Hg,phenolindex,TOC,CN easilyliberatable,F EN12880, CharacterisationofsludgesDeterminationofdryresidueandwatercontent. ENISO3696, Waterforanalyticallaborato
43、ryuseSpecificationandtestmethods(ISO3696:1987) . ENISO56673, WaterQualitySamplingPart3:Guidanceonthepreservationandhandlingofsamples(ISO 56673:1994).EN124571:2002(E) 6 ISO57255:1998, Accuracy(truenessandprecision)ofmeasurementmethodsandresultsPart5:Alternative methodsforthedeterminationoftheprecisionofastandardmeasurementmethod. ISO11465, SoilQualityDeterminationofdrymatterandwatercontentonamassbasisGravimetricmethod . 3 Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposesofthisEuropeanStandard,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply. 3.1 leaching
