1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12670:2002 Natural stone Terminology The European Standard EN 12670:2001 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.100.15; 01.040.91 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBS EN 12670:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the d
2、irection of the Building and Civil Engineering Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 27 February 2002 BSI 27 February 2002 ISBN 0 580 39185 X National foreword This British Standard is the official English language v
3、ersion of EN 12670:2001. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/545, Natural stone, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which
4、 implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not
5、 purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible Eur
6、opean committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, p
7、ages 2 to 49 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN12670 December2001 ICS01.040.73;01.040.91;73.020;91.100.15 Englishv
8、ersion NaturalstoneTerminology PierrenaturelleTerminologie NatursteinTerminologie ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon20October2001. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyaltera
9、tion.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberinto
10、itsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom.
11、EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2001CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN12670:2001EEN12670:2001(E) 2 Contents page Foreword 3 Intr
12、oduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 TerminologyofNaturalStone . 5 2.1 Geologicalterms . 5 2.2 Quarryingterms. . 27 2.3 Processingterms 29 2.4 Productsandinstallationterms . . 32 3 ScientificClassifications . 35 3.1 GeologicalTimeScale(Informative) 3 5 3.2 ScientificClassificationCharts . 36 3.2.1 IgneousRocksCla
13、ssificationCharts 3 6 3.2.2 SedimentaryRocksClassificationCharts 42 3.2.3 MetamorphicRocksClassificationChart . 46 AnnexA(informative)AlphabeticIndex . 47 Bibliography . 53EN12670:2001(E) 3 Foreword ThisEuropeanStandardhasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC246“NaturalStone“, thesecretariatofwhich
14、isheldbyUNI. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofan identicaltextorbyendorsement,atthelatestbyJune2002,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbe withdrawnatthelatestbyJune2002. Thisdraftstandardisoneofaseriesofstandardsfornaturalstoneproductsincludingdenomi
15、nation, testmethodsandproductstandards. AnnexesAandBareinformative. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthe followingcountriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,Czech Republic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy
16、,Luxembourg, Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom.EN12670:2001(E) 4 Introduction ThetermNaturalStonegroupsseveralrocktypeswithmarkedgeologicaldifferences.Theextraction elaborationandcommerceofNaturalStonehavesetaveryparticularvocabulary.Manyofthese termshavebeentak
17、enfromthepopularorquarrymenlanguage,whichsometimesisfarfrom scientificdefinitions;thisoftenresultsinagreatdealofconfusion. ThisstandardestablishestheterminologicalbasesforgeologicalandpetrologicdefinitionsofNatural Stoneanditsclassification.Referencestodefinitionsofnaturalstoneproducts,definedinothe
18、r EuropeanStandards,areprovidedwhennecessary.Italsoincorporatesmostofthepopularor commercialterminology. Theterminologycoversthefieldsofgeology,mining,processing,marketingandproductsofNatural Stone.Theincludedscientificclassificationsallowstosetthescientificnameofthestonevarieties.EN12670:2001(E) 5
19、1Scope ThisEuropeanStandarddefinestherecommendedterminologycoveringscientific,andtechnical terms,testmethods,products,andtheclassificationofNaturalStones. 2 TerminologyofNaturalStone NOTEForthepurposesofthisEuropeanStandardthefollowingabbreviationsapply: e.g.forexample(Latin exempligratia ); i.e.tha
20、tis(Latin idest ). 2.1 Geologicalterms 2.1.1 accessoryminerals: Rockformingmineralsthatoccurinsuchsmallamountsthattheyare notincludedintheclassificationoftherock. NOTEAccessorymineralscanbeusedtostatepreciselythenameoftherock,e.g.biotitegranite.(SeealsoEN 12440). 2.1.2 acidrock: Igneousrockthatconta
21、insmorethan65%ofsilica. 2.1.3 actinolite: CaMgFeamphibole.Seeamphiboleformula. 2.1.4 agate: Cryptocrystallinevarietyofsilica,showingavariegatedbandedstructureandwaxy luster. 2.1.5 agglomerate: Extrusivepyroclasticrockofconsolidatedorunconsolidatedcoarsevolcanic fragments(withdiametersgreaterthan64mm
22、),inwhichroundedpyroclastspredominate. 2.1.6 alabaster: Finegrained,compactvarietyofgypsum,usuallywhiteorpalecolouredand translucent. 2.1.7 albite: Sodiumplagioclase,formulaNa AlSi 3 O 8 Seeplagioclase. 2.1.8 alkalifeldspar: Thealkalirichfeldsparsmicrocline,orthoclase,sanidine,albite,withlessthan 5%
23、anorthite.Seefeldsparandplagioclase. 2.1.9 allochems: Oneoftheseveralvarietiesofdiscreteandorganizedcarbonateaggregatesthat serveasthecoarserframeworkgrainsinmostmechanicallydepositedlimestones.Important allochemsinclude:silt,sand,gravelsizeintraclastsooids;pellets;lumpsandfossilsorfossil fragments.
24、 2.1.10 allotriomorphic;anhedral;xenomorphic: Termappliedtomineralswhichshowinthin sectionsnocharacteristicorrationalfaces,suggestedbyitscrystallinestructure. 2.1.11 alteration: Changesofthemineralogicalcompositionofarockbroughtaboutbyphysical, chemicalorbiologicalmeans,includingactionsofhydrotherma
25、lsolutionsandweathering processes.Differsfrommetamorphisminbeingmilder,morelocalizedandnotrestrictedto hightemperatures. 2.1.12 alumina;corundum: Amineral,formulaAl 2 O 3 .Usedinfinepolishing. 2.1.13 amorphous: Mineralthatdoesnothaveacrystallinestructure. 2.1.14 amphibole: Familyofdarkferromagnesian
26、silicateminerals,generalformula A 23 B 5 (Si,Al) 8 O 22 (OH) 2 ,whereA=Mg,Fe 2 + ,Ca,Na;B=Mg,Fe 2 + ,Fe 3 + ,Al. 2.1.15 amphibolite: Metamorphicrockconsistingmainlyofamphiboleandplagioclase.See3.2.3.1 2.1.16 amygdaloidal: Fabricofvolcanicrockswherevesiclesarepresent,whicharefullorpartially filledwit
27、hsecondaryminerals. 2.1.17 analcime: AmineralNa AlSi 2 O 6 H 2 Oofthezeolitegroup,whichcanoccurinbasalts.SeeEN12670:2001(E) 6 alsozeolite,secondaryminerals. 2.1.18 anhedral:Seeallotriomorphic. 2.1.19 anisotropy: Propertyofsomemineralsandrocksofhavingdifferentbehaviourindifferent directions.i.e.hardn
28、essinkyanite,thermalexpansionincalcite,flexuralresistanceinslate. 2.1.20 andalusite: MineralAl 2 SiO 5 polymorphouswithsillimaniteandkyanite. 2.1.21 andesite: Volcanicrockcomposedmainlyofplagioclase(oligoclaseandesine)andoneor moreofthedarkmineralsamphibole,pyroxene,andbiotite. 2.1.22 anhydrite: Sed
29、imentaryevaporiticmineral,formulaCaSO 4 . 2.1.23 ankerite:Mineralofdolomitegroupwithcalciumandiron. 2.1.24 anorthite: Calcicplagioclase,Ca Al 2 Si 2 O 8 .Seeplagioclase. 2.1.25 anorthoclase: Sodiumrichmineralofthealkalifeldspargroup,formula(Na,K)AlSi 3 O 8 .Its composition,intermofthemolefractionoft
30、heorthoclasecomponent(or)andthealbite component(ab)isor 40 ab 60 toor 10 ab 90 .Seefeldspar,microcline,plagioclase,orthoclase. 2.1.26 anorthosite: Plutonicrockmainlycomposedofplagioclaseandlittleornodarkminerals.See 3.2.1.1. 2.1.27 antiperthite: Feldsparcontainingintergrowthlamellaeoforthoclaseinalb
31、ite.Seealso feldsparandperthite. 2.1.28 apatite: Groupofminerals,formulaCa 5 (PO 4 ,CO 3 ) 3 (F,OH,Cl). 2.1.29 aplite: Finegraineddykerockofgraniticcomposition. 2.1.30 aragonite: Mineral,polymorphouswithcalcite,formulaCaCO 3 . 2.1.31 arenite: Consolidatedsedimentaryrockmainlycomposedofsandsizedetrit
32、alfragmentsor mineralgrains,usuallythetermisusedwithaprefixthatreferstoitscompositionorgenesis, e.g.quartzarenite.Seealso3.2.2.4 2.1.32 argillite: Consolidatedsedimentaryrockmainlycomposedwhollyofdetritalclaysizeparticles orclayminerals. 2.1.33 arkose: Sedimentarydetritalrockwithlessthan75%quartzand
33、ahighcontentoffeldspar grains.See3.2.2.4. 2.1.34 augenfabric;ocellarfabric: Fabricinsomerocks,usuallymetamorphic,consistingof ellipsoidalorlensshapedporphyroblasts,crystals,orfragments,roundedandenvelopedby thefoliation,resemblingeyes(augen)inacrosssection. 2.1.35 augite(clinopyroxenes): Mineralofth
34、epyroxenegroup(clinopiroxenes),generalformula (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe 2 + ,Al)(Si,Al) 2 O 6 2.1.36 banded: Rock havingalternatingnearlyparallellayersthatdifferincolour,fabricormineral composition,andbecauseofthatitshowsalternatingbandsinacrosssection. 2.1.37 basalt(basanite): a)Scientifically:volcanicrockcons
35、istingessentiallyofplagioclase(labradoriteanorthite)and pyroxeneandincludesafinegrainedtodensefabric(See3.2.1.3). b)Commercially: basaltisanaturalstoneasperthescientificdefinitionofbasaltandotherrocks suchasbasalt,picrites,diabases,doleritesandmicrogabbros. 2.1.38 basic:Igneousrockwithmorethan45%and
36、lessthan52%ofsilice. 2.1.39 beddingplane: a)Aplanarornearlyplanarsurfacethatvisiblyseparatestheindividualbeds,layersorstrata, especiallyinsedimentaryrocks.EN12670:2001(E) 7 b)Anysurface,evenwhenconspicuouslybentordeformedbyfolding. 2.1.40 bioclasticrock: Sedimentaryrockconsistingoffragmentsandbroken
37、remainsoforganisms; e.g.limestonecomposedofshellfragments. 2.1.41 biotite:Blackrockformingmineralofthemicagroup,formulaK(Mg,Fe 2 + ) 3 (Al,Fe 3 + )Si 3 O 10 (OH) 2 . 2.1.42 blasto: Prefixusedtodescribethemetamorphicrockfabricsdenotingthepresenceof residualcrystalsorpreexistingfabricmodifiedbymetamor
38、phism,butstillrecognized;e.g. blastogranular,blastomylonitic. 2.1.43 breccia: a)Acoarsegrainedclasticsedimentaryrockcomposedbyangularrockfragmentsheldtogether byamineralcementorinafinegrainedmatrix. b)Rockconsistingofhighlyangularcoarsefragments,ofwhateverorigin,forexample,volcanic breccia(explosive
39、origin),faultbreccia(tectoniccrushingorigin),intraclasticbreccia(sedimentary origin). 2.1.44 Buntsandstein: ThelowerpartofTriassicPeriod.See3.1. 2.1.45 calcarenite: Limestoneconsistingpredominantlyofrecycleddetritalcalcitegrainsofsand size. 2.1.46 calcareous: Containingcalciumcarbonate. 2.1.47 calci
40、lutite: Limestoneconsistingpredominantlyofdetritalcalcitegrainsorfragmentsofsiltor claysize. 2.1.48 calcirudite: Limestoneconsistingpredominantlyofdetritalcalcitegrainsorfragmentslarger thansandsize.Seerudite. 2.1.49 calcisiltite: Limestoneconsistingpredominantlyofdetritalcalcitegrainsorfragmentsofs
41、ilt size. 2.1.50 calcite:Mineral,verycommoninsomesedimentaryandmetamorphicrocks,formulaCaCO 3 ; trimorphouswitharagoniteandvaterite. 2.1.51 calciticdolomite: Carbonaterockwhich50%to89%ofthemineraldolomite.(Seealso 3.2.2.2). 2.1.52 calciticmarble: amarblecontainingmorethan90%ofcalcite. 2.1.53 calcsil
42、icatemarble: Marblewithcalciumandpartiallymagnesiumsilicateminerals.See marble,ophicalcite,3.2.3.2 2.1.54 calcschist;carbonatemicaschist: Schistwithcarbonateminerals,inalesseramountthan amarble.Seeschist,3.2.3. 2.1.55 Cambrian: TheoldestsystemandperiodintowhichthePalaeozoicisdivided.See3.1. 2.1.56 c
43、arbonate: MineralcontainingCO 3 2 ;calcite,dolomite,magnesite,andsideritearefrequent rockformingcarbonateminerals. 2.1.57 carbonaterock: Rockconsistingchieflyofcarbonateminerals,especiallyasedimentary rock;limestone,dolomite,andcarbonatiteareexamplesofcarbonaterocks.See3.2.2.2. 2.1.58 Carboniferous:
44、 PeriodandsystemofthePalaeozoic.See3.1. 2.1.59 cataclastic: Pertainingtothestructureandtextureproducedinarockbyseveremechanical stressduringdynamicmetamorphism;bending,breaking,andfragmentationofthemineral grainsarecharacteristicfeatures;alsosaidoftherocksexhibitingsuchstructure.(Seealso breccia). 2.1.60 cement: Mineralmateria,usuallychemicallyprecipitated,thatoccursinthespacesamongthe individualgrainsofaconsolidatedsedimentaryrock,therebybindingthegrainstoge
