1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 13411-8:2011Terminations for steel wireropes SafetyPart 8: Swage terminals and swagingBS EN 13411-8:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK im
2、plementation of EN 13411-8:2011.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee MHE/2, Wire ropes.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a
3、 contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 63837 4ICS 53.020.30; 77.140.99Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on
4、31 October 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 13411-8:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13411-8 September 2011 ICS 53.020.30; 77.140.99 English Version Terminations for steel wire ropes - Safety - Part 8: Swage terminals and swaging Terminaisons po
5、ur cbles en acier - Scurit - Partie 8: Terminaisons sertir et sertissage Endverbindungen fr Drahtseile aus Stahldraht - Sicherheit - Teil 8: Stahlfittinge und Verpressungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 August 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Reg
6、ulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN mem
7、ber. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
8、CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia
9、, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN natio
10、nal Members. Ref. No. EN 13411-8:2011: EBS EN 13411-8:2011EN 13411-8:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .64 List of significant hazards 85 Safety requirements and/or protective measures 95.1 General 95.2 Swaging system .95.3 Swa
11、ge terminal 105.4 Swaging . 116 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures 116.1 Tensile type test (swaging system designer) 116.2 Fatigue type test (swaging system designer) 126.3 Swage terminal dimensions before swaging (swage terminal manufacturer) . 126.4 Swage terminal design stren
12、gth (swaging system designer) 126.5 Manufacture and quality control of swage terminal (swage terminal manufacturer) 126.6 Swage terminals (swaged termination manufacturer) 126.7 Matching of swage terminal to wire rope (swaged termination manufacturer) . 126.8 Swaging the terminal (swaged termination
13、 manufacturer) 126.9 Quality control after swaging the terminal . 127 Information for use . 127.1 Marking 127.2 Certificate 13Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard And the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 14Bibliography . 15BS EN 13411-8:2011EN 13411-8
14、:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13411-8:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 168 “Chains, ropes, webbing, slings and accessories - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication
15、of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not b
16、e held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive. For relationship with EU Directive, see informative
17、Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. EN 13411, under the general title Terminations for steel wire ropes Safety, consists of the following parts: Part 1: Thimbles for steel wire rope slings; Part 2: Splicing of eyes for wire rope slings; Part 3: Ferrules and ferrule-securing; Part 4
18、: Metal and resin socketing; Part 5: U-bolt wire rope grips; Part 6: Asymmetric wedge socket; Part 7: Symmetric wedge socket; Part 8: Swage terminals and swaging. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement
19、 this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzer
20、land and the United Kingdom. BS EN 13411-8:2011EN 13411-8:2011 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are indicated in the scope of this standard. W
21、hen provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C stan
22、dard. BS EN 13411-8:2011EN 13411-8:2011 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the minimum requirements for swage terminals and the securing of such terminals by a swaging process to carbon steel rope conforming to EN 12385-4 and EN 12385-5, spiral strand rope conforming to EN 12385-10 and s
23、tainless steel stranded rope. This European Standard is not applicable to spiral rope incorporating full lock wires see EN 12385-10 , nor ropes with coverings and /or fillings (see 3.6.3 of EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008). This European Standard is applicable to swaged terminations that have a terminal eff
24、iciency factor, KT, of at least 0,9 and are used as part of a wire rope accessory such as a sling, or wire rope assembly that performs a raising, lowering, hauling or supporting function on lifting machinery. This European Standard is applicable to terminals of the following types that are made of c
25、arbon or stainless steel: open swage socket; closed swage socket; swage terminal with thread; swage terminal end stop. This European Standard deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to swaged terminations, when used as intended and under conditions of misuse whic
26、h are reasonably foreseeable (see Clause 4). This European Standard applies to swaged terminations which are manufactured after the date of its publication. This European Standard is not applicable to swaged terminations used for anchoring ropes to winch drums. 2 Normative references The following r
27、eferenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12385-1, Steel wire ropes Safety Part 1: General requirements
28、 EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008, Steel wire ropes Safety Part 2: Definitions, designation and classification EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system (ISO 7500-1
29、:2004) EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003) EN ISO 12100-2, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 2: Technical principles (ISO 12100-2:2003) EN ISO 14121-1, Sa
30、fety of machinery Risk assessment Part 1: Principles (ISO 14121-1:2007) BS EN 13411-8:2011EN 13411-8:2011 (E) 6 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12385-2:2002+A1:2008 and EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and the following apply. 3.1 swage terminal 3.
31、1.1 open swage socket swage terminal comprising swage shank (1) into which wire rope is inserted and then permanently attached by swaging and a fork coupling section (2) that enables the swaged termination to be connected to the load Figure 1 NOTE The open swage socket is normally supplied complete
32、with pin. 3.1.2 closed swage socket swage terminal comprising swage shank (1) into which wire rope is inserted and then permanently attached by swaging and a eye coupling section (3) that enables the swaged termination to be connected to the load Figure 2 3.1.3 swage terminal with thread swage termi
33、nal comprising swage shank (1) into which wire rope is inserted and then permanently attached by swaging and a male thread coupling section (4) that enables the swaged termination to be connected to the load Figure 3 NOTE May be supplied with nut and locknut (5). BS EN 13411-8:2011EN 13411-8:2011 (E
34、) 7 3.1.4 swage terminal end stop swage terminal where the swage shank also directly supports the tension applied to the swaged termination Figure 4 3.2 swaging cold process by which the shank of a swage terminal is radially reduced with a die by pressing, rolling or hammering NOTE Swaging by hammer
35、ing is also referred to as rotary swaging. 3.3 swaged termination completed assembly of swage terminal and rope by swaging 3.4 swaging system design parameters for the swage terminal, specifically including the before and after swage dimensions, and the process of attaching the terminal to the rope
36、3.5 swaging system designer person or organization that designs the swage terminal and the swaging system and assumes responsibility for type testing 3.6 swage terminal manufacturer person or organization that manufactures the swage terminals in accordance with the swaging system designers specifica
37、tion 3.7 swaged termination manufacturer person or organization that manufactures swaged terminations in accordance with the swaging system designers instructions 3.8 slippage relative linear displacement of the rope out of the swage shank 3.9 termination efficiency factor KTfactor which allows for
38、the efficiency of the termination NOTE In the case of swage terminations, KT= 0,9. 3.10 characteristic breaking force Fukproduct of the minimum breaking force of the rope (Fmin) and the termination efficiency factor, i.e.: Fuk= Fmin.KT BS EN 13411-8:2011EN 13411-8:2011 (E) 8 3.11 fin swage shank mat
39、erial that is squeezed out into the area between the die faces during the swaging forming a small material protrusion along the length of the swage shank NOTE fin is also termed flash. 4 List of significant hazards This clause contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as
40、 far as they are dealt with in this European Standard, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of swaged termination that require action to eliminate or reduce the risk. In particular, the hazard caused by accidental release of load due to failure of the swaged termination puts at
41、 risk, either directly or indirectly, the safety or health of those persons within the danger zone. Table 1 contains those hazards that require action to reduce risk identified by risk assessment as being specific and significant for swaged termination assemblies. Table 1 Hazards and associated requ
42、irements Hazards identified in A.1 and A.4of EN ISO 14121-1 Origin Potential consequences Mechanical hazards - Acceleration, deceleration (kinetic energy) - Falling objects due to inadequacy of tensile strength and fatigue performance of swaged termination - Moving elements - Impact - Crushing - Tra
43、pping Hazardous events - Stability of the machine and/or parts of the machine - Mechanical strength of parts of machine - Inadequacy of selection of ropes and accessories and their inadequate integration into the machine - Abnormal conditions of assembly/testing/use/maintenance- Loss of stability -
44、Break up during operation - Uncontrolled movements BS EN 13411-8:2011EN 13411-8:2011 (E) 9 5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures 5.1 General Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protection measures of this clause. In addition, the swaging system shall be designed acc
45、ording to the principles of EN ISO 12100 for relevant but not significant hazards, which are not dealt with in this document. 5.2 Swaging system 5.2.1 General The swaging system designer shall carry out type testing in accordance with 5.2.2. The swaged termination shall be manufactured in accordance
46、 with the swaging system designer(s) instructions. The instructions shall at least cover those items given in 5.2.3 and be supported with a written declaration that the system has passed the type testing requirements of 5.2.2. 5.2.2 Type testing 5.2.2.1 Sampling The following shall apply for each cl
47、ass of rope and rope grade in accordance with EN 12385-2 and terminal material for which the system is designed. Where the swage terminal design follows a mathematical progression throughout a given size range, rope diameters shall be selected for testing to represent the upper and lower quartiles o
48、f that range. Where the swage terminal design does not follow a mathematical progression through a size range, each rope diameter within that range for which the system is designed shall be selected for testing. For each rope diameter selected in accordance with the above, the rope grade and minimum
49、 breaking force of rope shall be the highest for which the system is designed and at least two (2) swaged terminations shall be tested. NOTE The number of tests may be regarded as two when the test length has a swaged termination at both ends. 5.2.2.2 Tensile test When tested in accordance with 6.1, the swaged termination shall be loaded to failure. Two (2) swaged terminations shall sustain the characteristic breaki
