1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 13906-2:2013Cylindrical helical springs madefrom round wire and bar Calculation and designPart 2: Extension springsBS EN 13906-2:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13906-2:2013.It supersedes BS EN 13906-2:2001 whi
2、ch is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee FME/9/3, Springs.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users
3、are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 80599 8ICS 21.160Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStan
4、dards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 13906-2:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13906-2 June 2013 ICS 21.160 Supersedes EN 13906-2:2001English Version Cylindrical helical springs made from round wire and
5、bar - Calculation and design - Part 2: Extension springs Ressorts hlicodaux cylindriques fabriqus partir de fils ronds et de barres - Calcul et conception - Partie 2: Ressorts de traction Zylindrische Schraubenfedern aus runden Drhten und Stben - Berechnung und Konstruktion - Teil 2: ZugfedernThis E
6、uropean Standard was approved by CEN on 16 May 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references co
7、ncerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member
8、into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France
9、, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMI
10、TEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13906-2:2013: EBS EN 13906-2:2013EN 13906-2:2013 (E) 2 Contents Foreword 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4
11、3 Terms and definitions, symbols, units and abbreviated terms 4 3.1 Terms and definitions . 4 3.2 Symbols, units and abbreviated terms 5 4 Theoretical extension spring diagram . 6 5 Types of loading 7 5.1 General 7 5.2 Static and/or quasi-static loading 7 5.3 Dynamic loading 7 6 Stress correction fa
12、ctor k . 8 7 Initial tension force F0. 9 8 Material property values for the calculation of springs . 10 9 Calculation formulae . 10 9.1 General 10 9.2 Spring work 10 9.3 Spring Force . 11 9.4 Spring deflection 11 9.5 Spring rate 11 9.6 Torsional stresses . 11 9.7 Nominal diameter of wire or bar . 11
13、 9.8 Number of active coils 11 9.9 Total number of coils 11 9.10 Initial tension force 12 10 Permissible torsional stress under static or quasi-static loading 12 10.1 General 12 10.2 Permissible torsional stress zul for cold coiled springs 12 10.3 Permissible torsional stress zul for hot coiled spri
14、ngs 12 10.4 Initial tension torsional stress 012 11 Calculation of extension springs for dynamic loading 13 Annex A (informative) Types of spring ends 14 Bibliography 18 BS EN 13906-2:2013EN 13906-2:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13906-2:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 4
15、07 “Project Committee - Cylindrical helical springs made from round wire and bar - Calculation and design”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest
16、by December 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all su
17、ch patent rights. This European Standard has been prepared by the initiative of the Association of the European Spring Federation ESF. This document supersedes EN 13906-2:2001. This European Standard constitutes a revision of EN 13906-2:2001 for which it has been technically revised. The main modifi
18、cations are listed below: updating of the normative references, technical corrections. EN 13906 consists of the following parts, under the general title Cylindrical helical springs made from round wire and bar Calculation and design: Part 1: Compression springs; Part 2: Extension springs; Part 3: To
19、rsion springs. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedon
20、ia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 13906-2:2013EN 13906-2:2013 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard s
21、pecifies the calculation and design of cold and hot coiled helical extension springs made from round wire and bar with values according to Table 1, loaded in the direction of the spring axis and operating at normal ambient temperatures. Table 1 Characteristic Cold coiled extension spring Hot coiled
22、extension spring Wire or bar diameter d 20 mm d 10 mm Number of active coils n 3 n 3 Spring index 4 w 20 4 w 12 NOTE In cases of substantially higher or lower working temperature, it is advisable to seek the manufacturers advice. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, a
23、re normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 10270-1, Steel wire for mechanical springs Part 1:
24、Patented cold drawn unalloyed spring steel wire EN 10270-2, Steel wire for mechanical springs Part 2: Oil hardened and tempered spring steel wire EN 10270-3, Steel wire for mechanical springs Part 3: Stainless spring steel wire EN 10089, Hot-rolled steels for quenched and tempered springs Technical
25、delivery conditions EN 12166, Copper and copper alloys Wire for general purposes EN ISO 26909:2010, Springs Vocabulary (ISO 26909:2009) ISO 26910-1, Springs Shot peening Part 1: General procedures 3 Terms and definitions, symbols, units and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purpose
26、s of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 26909:2010 and the following apply. 3.1.1 spring mechanical device designed to store energy when deflected and to return the equivalent amount of energy when released SOURCE: EN ISO 26909:2010, 1.1 3.1.2 extension spring spring (1.1) that
27、 offers resistance to an axial force tending to extend its length, with or without initial tension SOURCE: EN ISO 26909:2010, 1.3 BS EN 13906-2:2013EN 13906-2:2013 (E) 5 3.1.3 helical extension spring extension spring (1.3) normally made of wire of circular cross-section wound around an axis, with o
28、r without spaces between its coils (open- or close-wound) SOURCE: EN ISO 26909:2010, 3.13 3.2 Symbols, units and abbreviated terms Table 2 contains the symbols, units and abbreviated terms used in this European Standard. Table 2 (1 of 2) Symbols Units Terms 2ieDDD+= mm mean diameter of coil Demm out
29、side diameter of the spring Dimm inside diameter of the spring d mm nominal diameter of wire (or bar) E N/mm (MPa) modulus of elasticity (or Youngs modulus) F0N initial tension force F N spring force F1, F2N spring forces, for the spring lengths L1, L2. (at ambient temperature of 20 C) FnN maximum p
30、ermissible spring force for the maximum permissible spring length LnG N/mm (MPa) modulus of rigidity k - stress correction factor (depending on D/d) L mm spring length L0 mm Nominal free length of spring L1, L2mm spring lengths for the spring forces F1, F2. LHmm distance from inner radius of loop to
31、 spring body LKmm body length when unloaded but subject to initial tension force Lnmm maximum permissible spring length for the spring force Fnm mm hook opening N - Number of cycles up to rupture n - number of active coils nt- total number of coils R N/mm spring rate BS EN 13906-2:2013EN 13906-2:201
32、3 (E) 6 Table 2 (2 of 2) Symbols Units Terms RmN/mm (MPa) minimum value of tensile strength s mm spring deflection s1, s2. mm spring deflections, for the spring forces F1, F2. shmm deflection of spring (stroke) between two positions snmm spring deflection, for the spring force FnW Nmm spring work dD
33、w =- spring index kg/dm3density N/mm (MPa) uncorrected torsional stress (without the influence of the wire curvature being taken into account) 0N/mm (MPa) uncorrected torsional stress, for the initial tension force F01, 2. N/mm (MPa) uncorrected torsional stress, for the spring forces F1, F2. kN/mm
34、(MPa) corrected torsional stress, (according to the correction factor k) k1, k2. N/mm (MPa) corrected torsional stress, for the spring forces F1, F2. khN/mm (MPa) corrected torsional stress range, for the stroke shknN/mm (MPa) corrected torsional stress, for the spring force FnnN/mm (MPa) uncorrecte
35、d torsional stress, for the spring force FnzulN/mm (MPa) permissible torsional stress 4 Theoretical extension spring diagram The illustration of the extension spring corresponds to Figure 5.1 from EN ISO 2162-1:1996. The theoretical extension spring diagram is given in Figure 1. BS EN 13906-2:2013EN
36、 13906-2:2013 (E) 7 Key 1 spring deflection 2 spring lengths Figure 1 Theoretical extension spring diagram 5 Types of loading 5.1 General Before carrying out design calculations, it should be specified whether they will be subjected to static loading, quasi-static loading or dynamic loading. 5.2 Sta
37、tic and/or quasi-static loading A static loading is: a loading constant in time. A quasi-static loading is: a loading variable with time with a negligibly small torsional stress range (stroke stress) (e.g. torsional stress range up to 10 % of fatigue strength); a variable loading with greater torsio
38、nal stress range but only a number of cycles of up to 104. 5.3 Dynamic loading In the case of extension springs dynamic loading is loading variable with time with a number of loading cycles over 104and torsional stress range greater than 10 % of fatigue strength at: a) constant torsional stress rang
39、e; b) variable torsional stress range. BS EN 13906-2:2013EN 13906-2:2013 (E) 8 Depending on the required number of cycles N up to rupture it is necessary to differentiate between two cases as follows: 1) infinite life fatigue in which the number of cycles N 107 for cold coiled springs In this case,
40、the torsional stress range is lower than the infinite life fatigue limit 2) limited life fatigue in which N 1 mm and a spring index w = 15. BS EN 13906-2:2013EN 13906-2:2013 (E) 14 Annex A (informative) Types of spring ends Table A.1 gives some examples of spring ends Table A.1 (1 of 2) Figure A.1 H
41、alf German hook 0,55H=L Dito 0,8 Di(Open loop) Figure A.5 Extended German side loop iHDL (double loop at side) Figure A.2 Closed German loop 0,8H=L Dito 1,1 Di(Full loop) Figure A.6 Hooks (Raised hook) Figure A.3 Double German loop 0,8H=L Dito 1,1 Di(Double loop) Figure A.7 Extended side hook (Raise
42、d side hook) Figure A.4 German side loop iHDL (Full loop at side) Figure A.8 English loop iH1,1DL (Full loop with offset) BS EN 13906-2:2013EN 13906-2:2013 (E) 15 Table A.1 (2 of 2) Figure A.9 Coiled in hook (Swivel hook) Figure A.12 Screwed in shackle (threaded-on plate) Number of screwed in coils
43、2 to 4 Figure A.10 Coiled in screwed plug (Rolled in stud) Figure A.13 Closed German loop (Angled full loop) Inclined and extended, closed German loop Figure A.11 Screwed in plug (Threaded plug) Number of screwed in coils 2 to 4 BS EN 13906-2:2013EN 13906-2:2013 (E) 16 Representation of loop (hook)
44、position Type of loop according to figure given in Table A.1 of this standard Number of coils following the decimal comma Loop (hook) openings mutually offset clockwise A.2 00 (0) 0 A.2 25 (1/4) 90 A.2 50 (1/2) 180 A.2 75 (3/4) 270 A.4 50 (1/2) 0 A.4 75 (3/4) 90 BS EN 13906-2:2013EN 13906-2:2013 (E)
45、 17 A.4 00 (0) 180 A.4 25 (1/4) 270 Figure A.14 Most commonly used positions of loop openings and related data regarding total number of coils BS EN 13906-2:2013EN 13906-2:2013 (E) 18 Bibliography 1 EN 13906-1, Cylindrical helical springs made from round wire and bar Calculation and design Part 1: C
46、ompression springs 2 EN ISO 2162-1:1996, Technical product documentation Springs Part 1: Simplified representation (ISO 2162-1:1993) This page deliberately left blankBSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, information and service
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