1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16079:2011Founding Compacted(vermicular) graphite cast ironsBS EN 16079:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16079:201
2、1.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ISE/111, Steel Castings and Forgings.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract.
3、Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 70177 1ICS 77.080.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2011.Amend
4、ments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 16079:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16079 November 2011 ICS 77.080.10 English Version Founding - Compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons Fonderie - Fontes graphite vermiculaire (compact) Gieereiwesen - Gusseisen mit
5、Vermiculargraphit This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 October 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bi
6、bliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the resp
7、onsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, G
8、reece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Manag
9、ement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16079:2011: EBS EN 16079:2011EN 16079:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms a
10、nd definitions .54 Designation 65 Order information 66 Manufacture 67 Requirements .67.1 General 67.2 Test pieces machined from cast samples .77.3 Test pieces machined from samples cut from a casting .77.4 Hardness .87.5 Graphite structure88 Sampling .88.1 General 88.2 Cast samples 98.3 Samples cut
11、from a casting . 109 Test methods . 149.1 Tensile test 149.2 Hardness test 169.3 Graphite structure examination 1610 Retests . 1610.1 Need for retests . 1610.2 Test validity . 1610.3 Nonconforming test results . 1710.4 Heat treatment of samples and castings 1711 Inspection documentation . 17Annex A
12、(informative) Additional information on properties and typical applications of compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons 18Annex B (informative) Comparison of compacted (vermicular) graphite cast iron material designations according to EN 1560 and ISO/TR 1593145 . 21Annex C (informative) Wedge pene
13、tration test 22Annex D (informative) Guidance values for tensile properties measured on test pieces machined from samples cut from a casting 25Annex E (informative) Guidance values for Brinell hardness 26Annex F (informative) Compacted (vermicular) graphite structure evaluation . 27Annex G (normativ
14、e) Sectioning procedure for cast samples . 29Bibliography . 30BS EN 16079:2011EN 16079:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16079:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 “Foundry technology”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status
15、 of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of pa
16、tent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Within its programme of work, Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 requested CEN/TC 190/WG 5 “Grey cast iron and compacted graphite cast iron“ to prepare EN 16079. According to the CEN/CENELEC Inte
17、rnal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxem
18、bourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom BS EN 16079:2011EN 16079:2011 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard classifies compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons (CGI), in accordance with the mechanical p
19、roperties of the material. The properties of compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons depend on their graphite and matrix microstructure. The mechanical properties of the material can be evaluated on machined test pieces prepared from separately cast samples, side by side cast samples, cast-on sam
20、ples or samples cut from a casting. Annex A (informative) gives additional information on properties and typical applications of compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons. BS EN 16079:2011EN 16079:2011 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard defines the grades and the corresponding requirements for co
21、mpacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons. This European Standard specifies 5 grades of compacted (vermicular) graphite cast iron by a classification based on mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples. This European Standard does not cover technical delivery co
22、nditions for iron castings (see EN 1559-1 1 and EN 1559-3 2). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
23、(including any amendments) applies. EN 10204, Metallic products Types of inspection documents. EN ISO 945-1, Microstructure of cast irons Part 1: Graphite classification by visual analysis (ISO 945-1:2008) EN ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials Brinell hardness test Part 1: Test method (ISO 6506-1:2005)
24、EN ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials Tensile testing Part 1: Method of test at room temperature (ISO 6892-1:2009) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 compacted (vermicular) graphite cast iron cast material, iron and carbon based, the
25、 carbon being present mainly in the form of compacted (vermicular) graphite particles that appear vermicular on a two-dimensional plane of polish, the graphite particles being embedded in a matrix consisting of ferrite, ferrite/pearlite, or pearlite 3.2 graphite modification treatment process that b
26、rings the liquid iron into contact with a substance to produce graphite in the predominantly compacted (vermicular) form during solidification 3.3 vermicularity percentage of graphite particles that are of form III according EN ISO 945-1 3.4 cast sample quantity of material cast to represent the cas
27、t material, including separately cast sample, side by side cast sample and cast-on sample 3.5 separately cast sample sample cast in a separate sand mould under representative manufacturing conditions and material grade 3.6 side-by-side cast sample sample cast in the mould alongside the casting, with
28、 a joint running system BS EN 16079:2011EN 16079:2011 (E) 6 3.7 cast-on sample sample attached directly to the casting 3.8 relevant wall thickness wall thickness representative of the casting, defined for the determination of the size of the cast samples to which the mechanical properties apply 4 De
29、signation The material shall be designated either by symbol or by number as given in Table 1. In the case of samples cut from the casting, the letter C is added at the end of the designation by symbol. NOTE The comparison of EN 16079 grade designations with the grades from the ISO standard for compa
30、cted (vermicular) cast irons, ISO 16112:2006 3, is given in Annex B. 5 Order information The following information shall be supplied by the purchaser: a) the number of this European Standard; b) the designation of the material; c) the relevant wall thickness; d) any special requirements. All require
31、ments shall be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser by the time of acceptance of the order e.g. technical delivery conditions according to EN 1559-1 and EN 1559-3. 6 Manufacture Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, the method of manufacture of compacted (vermicular) graphite cas
32、t irons to obtain the specified mechanical properties and microstructure shall be left to the discretion of the manufacturer. The manufacturer shall ensure that the requirements defined in this standard are met for the material grade specified in the order. All agreements between the manufacturer an
33、d the purchaser shall be made by the time of acceptance of the order. NOTE When compacted (vermicular) graphite cast iron is to be used for special applications, the chemical composition and heat treatment may be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 7 Requirements 7.1 General The prope
34、rty values apply to compacted (vermicular) graphite cast iron cast in sand moulds or moulds of comparable thermal behaviour. Subject to amendments to be agreed upon in the order, they can apply to castings obtained by alternative methods. BS EN 16079:2011EN 16079:2011 (E) 7 The material designation
35、is based on the minimum mechanical properties obtained in cast samples with a thickness or diameter of 25 mm. The designation is irrespective of the type of cast sample. Mechanical properties are wall thickness dependant as shown in Table 1. NOTE Tensile testing requires sound test pieces in order t
36、o guarantee pure uni-axial stress during the test. 7.2 Test pieces machined from cast samples The mechanical properties of compacted graphite cast iron shall be as specified in Table 1. Table 1 Mechanical properties measured on test pieces machined from cast samples Material designation Relevant wal
37、l thickness t 0,2 % proof strength Rp0,2Tensile strength RmElongation A mm MPa MPa %Symbol Number min. min. min. EN-GJV-300 5.2100 t 30 210 300 2,0 30 Lo(in principle, Lc Lo d); Ltis the total length of the test piece, which depends on Lc; r is the transition radius, which shall be at least 4 mm. NO
38、TE The method of gripping the ends of the test piece, together with their length lt, may be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Figure 5 Tensile test piece BS EN 16079:2011EN 16079:2011 (E) 16 As an alternative to the tensile test, the wedge penetration test can be used to determine t
39、he tensile strength. For further information, see Annex C. 9.2 Hardness test The hardness shall be determined as Brinell hardness in accordance with EN ISO 6506-1. Alternative hardness tests and the corresponding required hardness values may also be agreed. The test shall be carried out on the test
40、piece or at one or several points on the casting after preparation of the testing area in accordance with the agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. If the measurement locations are not the subject of an agreement, they shall be chosen by the manufacturer. If it is not possible to car
41、ry out the hardness test on the casting, then by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser, the hardness test may be carried out on a knob cast-on to the casting. 9.3 Graphite structure examination The graphite structure shall be confirmed by metallographic examination according to EN ISO
42、 945-1. Samples for metallographic examination shall be taken from locations agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Information for the evaluation of vermicularity in compacted (vermicular) graphite cast iron microstructures is provided in informative Annex F. When image analysis is used
43、 to evaluate the graphite structure, an agreement on the method used and set on parameters shall be made between manufacturer and purchaser. Alternative methods, e.g. by non-destructive methods, may also be agreed upon. In case of a dispute, the result of the metallographic examination shall prevail
44、. 10 Retests 10.1 Need for retests Retests shall be carried out if a test is not valid. Retests are permitted to be carried out if a test result does not meet the mechanical property requirements for the specified grade. 10.2 Test validity A test is not valid if there is: a) a faulty mounting of the
45、 test piece or defective operation of the test machine; b) a defective test piece because of incorrect pouring or incorrect machining; c) a fracture of the test piece outside the gauge length; d) a casting defect in the test piece, evident after fracture. In the above cases, a new test piece shall b
46、e taken from the same cast sample, or from a duplicate sample cast at the same time, to replace those invalid test results. BS EN 16079:2011EN 16079:2011 (E) 17 10.3 Nonconforming test results If any test gives results which do not conform to the specified requirements, for reasons other than those
47、given in 10.2, the manufacturer shall have the option to conduct retests. If the manufacturer conducts retests, two retests shall be carried out for each failed test. If both retests give results that meet the specified requirements, the material shall be deemed to conform to this European Standard.
48、 If the results of one or both retests fail to meet the specified requirements, the material shall be deemed not to conform to this European Standard. 10.4 Heat treatment of samples and castings Unless otherwise specified, in the case of castings in the as cast condition with mechanical properties n
49、ot in conformance with this European Standard, a heat treatment may be carried out. In the case of castings which have undergone a heat treatment and for which the test results are not satisfactory, the manufacturer shall be permitted to re-heat treat the castings and the representative samples. In this event, the samples shall receive the same number of heat treatments as the castings. If the results of the tests c
