1、BSI Standards Publication BS EN 16602-70-08:2015 Space product assurance Manual soldering of high- reliability electrical connectionsBS EN 16602-70-08:2015 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16602-70-08:2015. The UK participation in its preparatio
2、n was entrusted to Technical Committee ACE/68, Space systems and operations. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its corre
3、ct application. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 86584 8 ICS 25.160.50; 49.140 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Poli
4、cy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2015. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedBS EN 16602-70-08:2015EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16602-70-08 January 2015 ICS 25.160.50; 49.140 English version Space product assurance - Manual soldering of high-reliability
5、 electrical connections Assurance produit des projets spatiaux - Soudage manuel des connexions lectriques fiabilit leve Raumfahrtproduktsicherung - Manuelles Lten von hoch- zuverlssigen elektrischen Verbindungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 October 2014. CEN and CENELEC members a
6、re bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to
7、 the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN and CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the
8、CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedo
9、nia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN/C
10、ENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for CENELEC Members. Ref. No. EN 16602-70-08:2015 EBS EN 16602-70-08:2015 EN 16602-70-08:2015 (E) 2 Table of contents Foreword 9 Introduction 10 1 Scope . 11 2 Normative references . 12 3 T
11、erms, definitions and abbreviated terms 13 3.1 Terms from other standards 13 3.2 Terms specific to the present standard . 13 3.3 Abbreviated terms. 20 4 Principles of reliable soldered connections . 22 5 Preparatory conditions 23 5.1 Calibration 23 5.2 Facility cleanliness 23 5.3 Environmental condi
12、tions 23 5.4 Lighting requirements . 24 5.5 Precautions against static discharges . 24 5.5.1 General . 24 5.5.2 Precautions against ESD during manufacturing 24 5.5.3 Protective Packaging and ESD Protection 25 5.5.4 Packing and filler materials . 26 5.6 Equipment and tools . 26 5.6.1 General . 26 5.6
13、.2 Brushes . 26 5.6.3 Cutters and pliers 26 5.6.4 Bending tools 27 5.6.5 Clinching tools . 27 5.6.6 Insulation strippers 28 5.6.7 Soldering irons and resistance soldering equipment . 29 5.6.8 Soldering tools 30 BS EN 16602-70-08:2015 EN 16602-70-08:2015 (E) 3 6 Materials selection . 31 6.1 General .
14、 31 6.2 Solder . 31 6.2.1 Form . 31 6.2.2 Composition 31 6.3 Flux 32 6.3.1 Rosin-based fluxes 32 6.3.2 INH1 corrosive acid flux 33 6.3.3 Application of flux 33 6.4 Solvents 34 6.5 Flexible insulation materials 34 6.6 Terminals 35 6.6.1 Materials . 35 6.6.2 Tin-, silver- and gold-plated terminals 35
15、6.6.3 Shape of terminals 35 6.7 Wires 35 6.8 PCBs 36 6.8.1 Boards 36 6.8.2 Gold finish on conductors 36 6.9 Component lead finishes 36 6.10 Adhesives (staking compounds and heat sinking), encapsulants and conformal coatings 36 7 Preparation for soldering . 38 7.1 General . 38 7.1.1 Tools . 38 7.1.2
16、Components 38 7.2 Preparation of conductors, terminals and solder cups . 38 7.2.1 Insulation removal . 38 7.2.2 Surfaces to be soldered 39 7.2.3 De-golding of gold-plated leads and terminals . 40 7.2.4 Constraints on degolding and pretinning methods . 41 7.2.5 Pretinning of stranded wires 42 7.2.6 P
17、re-tinning of component leads and solid-wire conductors 42 7.3 Preparation of the soldering bit . 43 7.3.1 Fit 43 7.3.2 Maintenance . 43 7.3.3 Plated bits . 43 BS EN 16602-70-08:2015 EN 16602-70-08:2015 (E) 4 7.3.4 Tip in operation . 43 7.4 Maintenance of resistance-type soldering electrodes 44 7.5
18、Handling (work station) . 44 7.6 Storage (work station) . 44 7.6.1 Components 44 7.6.2 PCBs. 44 7.6.3 Materials requiring segregation . 44 7.7 Preparation of PCBs for soldering . 45 7.7.1 Process . 45 7.7.2 Demoisturization methods . 45 7.7.3 Storage of prepared PCBs 45 8 Mounting of components . 46
19、 8.1 General requirements . 46 8.1.1 Introduction . 46 8.1.2 Heavy components . 46 8.1.3 Metal-case components 46 8.1.4 Glass-encased components 47 8.1.5 Stress relief of components with bendable leads . 47 8.1.6 Stress relief of components with non-bendable leads 48 8.1.7 Reinforced plated-through
20、holes . 50 8.1.8 Lead and conductor cutting . 50 8.1.9 Solid hook-up wire. 50 8.1.10 Location 50 8.1.11 Conformal coating, cementing and encapsulation . 50 8.2 Lead bending requirements 51 8.2.1 General . 51 8.2.2 Conductors terminating on both sides of a non-plated-through hole 51 8.3 Mounting of t
21、erminals to PCBs 52 8.4 Lead attachment to PCBs . 53 8.4.1 General . 53 8.4.2 Clinched leads 53 8.4.3 Stud leads . 55 8.4.4 Lapped round leads 56 8.4.5 Lapped ribbon leads 56 8.5 Mounting of components to terminals . 56 8.6 Mounting of connectors to PCBs . 58 9 Attachment of conductors to terminals,
22、 solder cups and cables 59 BS EN 16602-70-08:2015 EN 16602-70-08:2015 (E) 5 9.1 General . 59 9.1.1 Conductors . 59 9.1.2 Terminals 59 9.2 Wire termination . 59 9.2.1 Breakouts from cables 59 9.2.2 Insulation clearance 59 9.2.3 Solid hook-up wire. 60 9.2.4 Stress relief . 60 9.3 Turret and straight-p
23、in terminals . 60 9.3.1 Side route . 60 9.3.2 Bottom route . 60 9.4 Bifurcated terminals 61 9.4.1 General . 61 9.4.2 Bottom route . 61 9.4.3 Side route . 62 9.4.4 Top route 63 9.4.5 Combination of top and bottom routes. 64 9.4.6 Combination of side and bottom routes . 64 9.5 Hook terminals 64 9.6 Pi
24、erced terminals 65 9.7 Solder cups (connector type) 66 9.8 Insulation sleeving 66 9.9 Wire and cable interconnections . 67 9.9.1 General . 67 9.9.2 Preparation of wires 67 9.9.3 Preparation of shielded wires and cables 67 9.9.4 Pre-assembly 68 9.9.5 Soldering procedures 68 9.9.6 Cleaning 69 9.9.7 In
25、spection . 69 9.9.8 Workmanship 69 9.9.9 Sleeving of interconnections . 69 9.10 Connection of stranded wires to PCBs 70 10 Soldering to terminals and PCBs 72 10.1 General . 72 10.1.1 Securing conductors . 72 10.1.2 Thermal shunts . 72 BS EN 16602-70-08:2015 EN 16602-70-08:2015 (E) 6 10.1.3 High-volt
26、age connections 72 10.2 Solder application to terminals 73 10.2.1 Soldering of swaged terminals onto PCBs 73 10.2.2 Soldering of conductors onto terminals (except cup terminals) 73 10.2.3 Soldering of conductors onto cup terminals . 74 10.3 Solder application to PCBs . 74 10.3.1 Solder coverage 74 1
27、0.3.2 Solder fillets 74 10.3.3 Soldering of component leads to plated-through holes 74 10.3.4 Solder application . 75 10.4 Wicking . 76 10.5 Solder rework . 76 10.6 Repair and modification 76 11 Cleaning of PCB assemblies . 77 11.1 General . 77 11.2 Ultrasonic cleaning . 77 11.3 Monitoring for clean
28、liness . 77 11.3.1 Cleanliness testing 77 11.3.2 Testing frequency . 78 11.3.3 Test limits 78 11.3.4 Test method 78 12 Final inspection 79 12.1 General . 79 12.2 Acceptance criteria . 79 12.3 Visual rejection criteria 80 13 Verification procedure 81 13.1 General . 81 13.2 Vibration . 81 13.3 Tempera
29、ture cycling . 84 13.4 Microsection . 84 14 Quality assurance . 85 14.1 General . 85 14.2 Data 85 14.3 Nonconformance 85 14.4 Calibration 85 14.5 Traceability . 86 BS EN 16602-70-08:2015 EN 16602-70-08:2015 (E) 7 14.6 Workmanship standards . 86 14.7 Inspection . 86 14.8 Operator and inspector traini
30、ng and certification . 86 15 Workmanship standards 88 15.1 Soldered clinched terminals 88 15.2 Soldered stud terminals 89 15.3 Soldered turret terminals. 90 15.4 Solder turret terminals 91 15.5 Soldered bifurcated terminals . 92 15.6 Soldered hook terminals . 93 15.7 Soldered cup terminals . 94 15.8
31、 Soldered wire to shielded cable interconnections . 95 Annex A (normative) Report on manual soldering of high-reliability electrical connections - DRD 98 Annex B (informative) Solder melting temperatures and choice 102 Bibliography . 103 Figures Figure 5-1: Profiles of correct and incorrect cutters
32、for trimming leads . 27 Figure 5-2 Examples of non-approved types of mechanical strippers 28 Figure 8-1: Assembly of underfilled TO-39 and TO-59, and adhesively staked CKR06 . 48 Figure 8-2: Methods for incorporating stress relief with components having bendable leads 49 Figure 8-3: Methods for atta
33、ching wire extensions to non-bendable leads 50 Figure 8-4: Minimum lead bend 51 Figure 8-5: Leads with solder termination on both sides . 52 Figure 8-6: Types of terminal swaging 53 Figure 8-7: Clinched-lead terminations - unsupported holes . 54 Figure 8-8: Clinched lead terminations - plated throug
34、h-holes 54 Figure 8-9: Stud terminations . 55 Figure 8-10: Methods of through-hole lapped termination . 57 Figure 8-11: Method of stress relieving parts attached to terminals 57 Figure 9-1: Side- and bottom-route connections to turret terminals 61 Figure 9-2: Bottom-route connections to bifurcated t
35、erminal . 62 Figure 9-3: Side-route connection to bifurcated terminal . 63 Figure 9-4: Top-route connection to bifurcated terminal 64 BS EN 16602-70-08:2015 EN 16602-70-08:2015 (E) 8 Figure 9-5: Connections to hook terminals . 65 Figure 9-6: Connections to pierced terminals . 65 Figure 9-7: Connecti
36、ons to solder cups (connector type) 66 Figure 9-8: Methods for securing wires . 69 Figure 9-9: Connection of stranded wires to PCBs . 71 Figure 10-1: High voltage connection . 73 Figure 10-2:Minimum acceptable wetting on component side. 75 Figure 15-1:Soldered clinched terminals 88 Figure 15-2: Sold
37、ered stud terminals 89 Figure 15-3: Soldered turret terminals with twin conductors . 90 Figure 15-4: Soldered turret terminals with single conductors . 91 Figure 15-5: Soldered bifurcated terminals . 92 Figure 15-6 Soldered hook terminals . 93 Figure 15-7: Soldered cup terminals . 94 Figure 15-8: Ha
38、nd-soldered wire to shielded cable interconnections 95 Figure 15-9: Hand-soldered wire to shielded wire interconnections 96 Figure 15-10: Hand-soldered wire interconnections - details of defects 97 Tables Table 6-1: Chemical composition of spacecraft solders 32 Table 6-2: Fluxes 33 Table 7-1: Cleara
39、nces for insulation . 39 Table 7-2: Solder baths for degolding and pretinning . 41 Table 9-1: Dimensions for Figure 9-9 . 71 Table 13-1: Sine survey 82 Table 13-2: Minimum severity for sine vibration testing 83 Table 13-3: Minimum severity for random vibration testing for all applications except lau
40、nchers . 83 Table 13-4: Minimum severity for random vibration testing for launcher . 83 Table B-1 : Guide to choice of solder types 102 BS EN 16602-70-08:2015 EN 16602-70-08:2015 (E) 9 Foreword This document (EN 16602-70-08:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/CLC/TC 5 “Space”, the sec
41、retariat of which is held by DIN. This standard (EN 16602-70-08:2015) originates from ECSS-Q-ST-70-08C. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2015, and conflicting national standard
42、s shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under
43、 a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This document has been developed to cover specifically space systems and has therefore precedence over any EN covering the same scope but with a wider domain of applicability (e.g. : aerospace). According to
44、the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
45、 Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16602-70-08:2015 EN 16602-70-08:2015 (E) 10 Introduction The main part of this Standard is bas
46、ed on recommendations from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and European soldering technology experts. Modifications have been incorporated into the text to provide for the specific requirement of lowoutgassing electrical systems which are required by scientific and application sate
47、llites. Other additions have been made in the light of recent technological advances and the results of verification test programmes. The methods and workmanship contained in this document are considered to be fully approved for normal spacecraft requirements. BS EN 16602-70-08:2015 EN 16602-70-08:2
48、015 (E) 11 1 Scope This Standard defines the technical requirements and quality assurance provisions for the manufacture and verification of manually-soldered, high- reliability electrical connections. The Standard defines acceptance and rejection criteria for high reliability manufacture of manuall
49、y-soldered electrical connections intended to withstand normal terrestrial conditions and the vibrational g-loads and environment imposed by space flight. The proper tools, correct materials, design and workmanship are covered by this document. Workmanship standards are included to permit discrimination between proper and improper work. The assembly of surface-mount devices is covered in ECSS-Q-ST-70-38. Requirements related to printed circuit boards are contained in ECSS-Q-ST-70-10 and ECSS-Q-ST-70-11. Verification of manual soldering assemblies which are not described in
