1、Space engineering Radiofrequency and modulationBS EN 16603-50-05:2014Incorporating corrigendum March 2017BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16603-50-05:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16603-50-05:2014,incorporating corrigendum March 2017.The UK
2、participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ACE/68, Space systems and operations.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtainedon request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are
3、 responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 98110 4ICS 49.140Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Stan
4、dardsPolicy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2014.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected31+Vly2017 Implementation of CEN/CENELEC corrigendumMarch 2017: Formula in 6.1.3 b correctedBS EN 16603-50-05:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16603-50-05 S
5、eptember 2014 ICS 49.140 English version Space engineering - Radio frequency and modulation Ingnierie spatiale - Radio frquence et modulation Raumfahrttechnik - Funkfrequenzen und -modulation This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 March 2014. CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with
6、 the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Manage
7、ment Centre or to any CEN and CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
8、Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, G
9、reece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN/CENELEC All rights of ex
10、ploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for CENELEC Members. Ref. No. EN 16603-50-05:2014 EBS EN 16603-50-05:2014EN 16603-50-05:2014 (E) 2 Table of contents Foreword 6 Introduction 7 1 Scope . 8 2 Normative references . 9 3 Terms, definitions and abbre
11、viated terms 10 3.1 Terms from other standards 10 3.2 Terms specific to the present standard . 10 3.3 Abbreviated terms. 12 4 Frequency allocations, assignment and use . 15 4.1 Frequency allocations to the Space Operation, Space Research and Earth Exploration-Satellite services 15 4.1.1 Overview . 1
12、5 4.1.2 Frequency bands allocated to the Space Radiocommunications services . 15 4.2 Specific conditions for the use of certain frequency bands 17 4.2.1 2 025 MHz 2 120 MHz and 2 200 MHz 2 300 MHz bands . 17 4.2.2 8 025 MHz 8 400 MHz band . 18 4.2.3 8 400 MHz - 8 450 MHz band . 19 4.2.4 8 450 MHz 8
13、500 MHz band . 19 4.2.5 25,5 GHz 27,0 GHz, 37,0 GHz 38 GHz and 40,0 GHz 40,5 GHz bands 19 4.3 Frequency assignment procedure . 20 4.3.1 Choice of frequencies . 20 4.3.2 Advance publication, coordination and notification of frequencies . 21 5 Transmitted signals 22 5.1 Turnaround frequency ratio for
14、coherent transponders . 22 5.1.1 Generation of the transmitted carrier . 22 5.1.2 Band pairs . 22 5.2 Carrier frequency stability . 24 5.2.1 Spacecraft transmitter . 24 BS EN 16603-50-05:2014EN 16603-50-05:2014 (E) 3 5.2.2 Spacecraft receiver . 25 5.2.3 Ground station equipment . 25 5.3 Polarization
15、 . 26 5.4 Occupied bandwidth considerations . 26 5.5 Emissions . 28 5.5.1 Unwanted emission power level 28 5.5.2 Cessation of emissions . 32 5.5.3 Power flux density limits at the Earths surface 32 5.5.4 Power flux density limits at the GSO in the 25,5 GHz - 27,0 GHz band . 33 5.5.5 Power limits for
16、 Earth station emissions 34 5.5.6 Time limitations on transmissions 35 6 Modulation 36 6.1 Phase modulation with residual carriers 36 6.1.1 Application 36 6.1.2 Modulating waveforms 36 6.1.3 PCM waveforms and data rates 37 6.1.4 Use of subcarriers . 39 6.1.5 Data transition density . 41 6.1.6 Carrie
17、r modulation index . 42 6.1.7 Sense of modulation . 42 6.1.8 Modulation linearity . 42 6.1.9 Residual amplitude modulation . 42 6.1.10 Carrier phase noise . 43 6.1.11 Residual carrier, out-of-band emission and discrete spectral lines 43 6.2 Suppressed carrier modulation,44 6.2.1 Application and modu
18、lation schemes 44 6.2.2 Modulating waveforms 45 6.2.3 Carrier modulation. 45 6.2.4 Data transition density . 51 6.2.5 Symbol rate stability 51 6.2.6 Carrier phase noise . 51 6.2.7 Carrier suppression, out-of-band emission and discrete spectral lines 51 6.3 Spectral roll-off . 52 7 Link acquisition p
19、rocedures 53 7.1 Space-Earth 53 7.1.1 Normal operation 53 BS EN 16603-50-05:2014EN 16603-50-05:2014 (E) 4 7.1.2 Alternative mode of operation . 53 7.1.3 Coherent mode . 53 7.2 Earth-space 54 7.2.1 2 025 MHz - 2 110 MHz category A 54 7.2.2 2 110 MHz - 2 120 MHz category B 55 7.2.3 7 145 MHz - 7 190 M
20、Hz category B 55 7.2.4 7 190 MHz 7 235 MHz category A 55 8 RF interface control 57 8.1 RF interface control documents 57 8.2 Spacecraft-Earth station interface control document . 57 8.2.1 Overview . 57 8.2.2 Process . 57 8.3 Link budget tables. 58 8.3.1 General . 58 8.3.2 Parameters . 58 8.4 Spacecr
21、aft-ground network compatibility test 61 9 GMSK and 8PSK TCM modulation formats 63 9.1 GMSK modulation format 63 9.2 8PSK TCM modulation format 64 9.2.1 General principles . 64 9.2.2 4 dimensional 8PSK-TCM encoder . 64 9.2.3 Differential encoders for SEF = 2 and 2,5 65 9.2.4 Trellis encoder structur
22、e 66 9.2.5 Constellation mapper for 4 dimensional 8PSK-TCM 66 9.2.6 Channel filtering 68 Annex A (normative) Spacecraft-Earth station interface control document - DRD 71 Annex B (informative) Cross-support from other networks 72 Annex C (informative) Protection of Ariane-5 RF system 73 Annex D (info
23、rmative) Differences from CCSDS recommendations . 76 Annex E (informative) Tailoring guidelines . 78 Bibliography . 79 BS EN 16603-50-05:2014EN 16603-50-05:2014 (E) 5 Figures Figure 4-1: Maximum allowable bandwidth in the band 8 400 MHz - 8 450 MHz 20 Figure 6-1: PCM waveforms and symbol duration de
24、finition . 38 Figure 6-2: Symbol rate reference point . 39 Figure 6-3: QPSK/OQPSK constellation mapping 46 Figure 6-4: OQPSK post-amplifier filter transfer function 49 Figure 6-5: Spectral emission masks for telemetry transmission at symbol rates above 60 ksps 52 Figure 8-1: Parameter distributions
25、and their equations 60 Figure 9-1: General principle of the 4D-8PSK TCM modulator . 65 Figure 9-2: Codes to eliminate 22,5g113 phase ambiguity on carrier synchronization 66 Figure 9-3: Representation of a 64 state L=7, rate 3/4 systematic trellis encoder . 66 Figure 9-4: Constellation mapper for SEF
26、 = 2. 67 Figure 9-5: Constellation mapper for SEF = 2,5 67 Figure 9-6: Transmit structure for baseband, square root raised-cosine shaping 69 Figure 9-7: Transfer function for a 4 poles/2 zeros elliptic filter . 69 Figure 9-8: Transmit structure for post-amplifier shaping 70 Tables Table 4-1: Frequen
27、cy allocations to the Space Operation, Space Research and Earth Exploration-Satellite services . 16 Table 5-1: Turnaround frequency ratios for coherent transponder operation 23 Table 5-2 Alternative turnaround frequency ratios for coherent transponder operation . 24 Table 5-3: Frequency stability fo
28、r spacecraft transmitters . 24 Table 5-4: Frequency stability for spacecraft receivers . 25 Table 5-5: Occupied bandwidth 27 Table 5-6: Maximum level of spurious emissions 28 Table 5-7: Threshold levels of interference detrimental to radio astronomy spectral line (i.e. narrow bandwidth) observations
29、 at the surface of the Earth due to terrestrial interference sources (Recommendation ITU-R RA.769-2) 30 Table 5-8: Threshold levels of interference detrimental to radio astronomy continuum (i.e. wide bandwidth) observations at the surface of the Earth due to terrestrial interference sources (Recomme
30、ndation ITU-R RA.769-2) 31 Table 5-9: Harmful interference levels at deep space antenna sites . 32 Table 5-10: Power flux density limits at the Earths surface 33 Table 6-1: PCM waveforms and rates for residual carrier modulation . 37 Table 6-2: Subcarriers used with phase-modulated carriers . 39 Tab
31、le 6-3: Limits of the peak modulation index . 42 Table 6-4: PCM waveforms 45 Table 8-1: Probability density functions for link budgets . 60 BS EN 16603-50-05:2014EN 16603-50-05:2014 (E) 6 Foreword This document (EN 16603-50-05:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/CLC/TC 5 “Space”, the
32、secretariat of which is held by DIN. This standard (EN 16603-50-05:2014) originates from ECSS-E-ST-50-05C Rev. 2. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2015, and conflicting nation
33、al standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been pr
34、epared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This document has been developed to cover specifically space systems and has therefore precedence over any EN covering the same scope but with a wider domain of applicability (e.g. : aerospace). A
35、ccording to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germ
36、any, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16603-50-05:2014EN 16603-50-05:2014 (E) 7 Introduction This Standard contains requ
37、irements to ensure the following: g120 Compatibility of frequency usage and modulation schemes between space agencies spacecraft and Earth stations for the Space Operation, Space Research and Earth Exploration-Satellite services. g120 Compatibility between the spacecraft and the networks that they i
38、nteract with, as far as possible. g120 Standardization of frequency usage and modulation schemes within the space projects. g120 Conformity of spacecraft and Earth station parameters to international radio regulatory provisions (Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) an
39、d with national regulatory provisions (e.g. national frequency plans). g120 Selection of the appropriate parameters of spacecraft and Earth stations that are listed in advance of their use, thus enabling coordination with other interested parties. g120 Optimization of the frequency usage and modulat
40、ion schemes within the above limitation. BS EN 16603-50-05:2014EN 16603-50-05:2014 (E) 8 1 Scope This Standard defines the radio communication techniques used for the transfer of information between spacecraft and Earth stations in both directions, and for the tracking systems used for orbit determi
41、nation. It includes the following: g120 frequency allocation, assignment and use; g120 requirements on transmitted signals concerning, for example, spectral occupation, RF power levels, protection of other radio services; g120 definition of the permissible modulation methods and parameters; g120 spe
42、cification of the major technical requirements relevant for the interface between spacecraft and Earth stations; g120 operational aspects, such as acquisition; g120 cross-support. This Standard is applicable to all spacecraft supported by Earth stations1and to all controlled Earth stations operating
43、 in the Space Operation, Space Research and Earth Exploration-Satellite services as defined in the ITU Radio Regulations.2Other space telecommunication services are not covered in this issue. All requirements in this Standard are equally applicable to both the customer and the supplier with exceptio
44、n of clauses 4.3.1 and 4.3.2 which are applicable to the customer only. Further provisions and guidance on the application of this Standard can be found, respectively, in ECSS-E-ST-50 “Communications“, and in the handbook ECSS-E-HB-50A “Communications guidelines“. ECSS-E-ST-50 defines the principle
45、characteristics of communication protocols and related services for all communication layers relevant for space communication (physical- to application-layer), and their basic relationship to each other. The handbook ECSS-E-HB-50 provides information on specific implementation characteristics of the
46、se protocols in order to support the choice of a certain communications profile for the specific requirements of a space mission. Users of the present standard are invited to consult these documents before taking decisions on the implementation of the present one. This Standard may be tailored for t
47、he specific characteristics and constraints of a space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00. 1This Standard is not applicable to spacecraft supported by data relay satellites. 2Under the term Earth Exploration-Satellite service, the Meteorological Satellite service is also included. BS EN 16603-
48、50-05:2014EN 16603-50-05:2014 (E) 9 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this ECSS Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of any of these publications, do not apply.
49、 However, parties to agreements based on this ECSS Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN reference Reference in text Title EN 16601-00-01 ECSS-S-ST-00-01 ECSS system Glossary of terms EN 16603-10-03 ECSS-E-ST-10-03 Space engineering Testing EN 16603-50 ECSS-E-ST-50 Space engineering Communications EN 16603-50-01 ECSS-E-ST-50-01 Space engineering Space data links - Telem
