1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 50445:2008Product family standard to demonstrate compliance of equipment for resistance welding, arc welding and allied processes with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz 300 GHz)ICS 13.280; 17.220.01; 25.160.10g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g4
2、4g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 50445:2008This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on
3、31 March 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 54906 9National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 50445:2008.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee WEE/6, Electric arc welding equipment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be
4、 obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments/corrigenda issued since public
5、ationDate CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARD EN 50445 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM February 2008 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 105
6、0 Brussels 2008 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 50445:2008 E ICS 17.220.01; 25.160.10 English version Product family standard to demonstrate compliance of equipment for resistance welding, arc welding and allied pr
7、ocesses with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz - 300 GHz) Norme de famille de produit pour dmontrer la conformit dun quipement pour le soudage par rsistance, le soudage larc et les techniques connexes avec les restrictions de base concernant lexposition
8、 des personnes aux champs lectromagntiques (0 Hz - 300 GHz) Produktfamiliennorm zur Konformittsprfung von Einrichtungen zum Widerstandsschweien, Lichtbogenschweien und artverwandten Prozessen in Bezug auf die bei der Exposition durch elektromagnetische Felder anzuwendenden Basisgrenzwerte (0 Hz - 30
9、0 GHz) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2008-02-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliogra
10、phical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of
11、 a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hu
12、ngary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. EN 50445:2008 2 Foreword This European Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC TC 26A, Ele
13、ctric arc welding equipment. The text of the draft was submitted to the formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 50445 on 2008-02-01. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by p ublication of an identical national standard or by endor
14、sement (dop) 2009-02-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2011-02-01 This European Standard is to be read in conjunction with EN 50444 and EN 50505. The latter was prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC TC 26B, Electric resistance wel
15、ding. This European Standard has been prepared under mandates M/305 and M/351 given to CENELEC by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. _ 3 EN 50445:2008 Contents 1 Scope .4 2 Normative references .4 3 Terms and definitions 5 4 Compliance criteria and exposure limits .6 4.
16、1 Background .6 4.2 Equipment for use by the general public.7 4.3 Equipment for occupational use7 4.4 Equipment for occupational use in a public area 7 4.5 Exposure of persons wearing cardiac pacemakers or other medical implants.7 4.6 Projectile risk.7 4.7 Touch currents 8 5 Compliance assessment8 5
17、.1 General8 5.1.1 Measurement and calculation.8 5.1.2 Time averaging .8 5.1.3 Spatial averaging 8 5.1.4 Assessment of equipment with pulsed or non-sinusoidal welding current .9 5.1.5 Assessment of equipment with multiple welding current waveforms .9 5.2 Assessment of EMF 9 5.2.1 General consideratio
18、ns.9 5.2.2 Electric field.10 5.2.3 Magnetic field measurements to show compliance with reference levels 10 5.2.4 Calculations to show compliance with reference levels10 5.2.5 Calculations to show compliance with basic restrictions 10 6 Information to be supplied with the apparatus10 7 Marking 11 8 U
19、ncertainty of assessment11 8.1 Using uncertainty for comparison with limits.11 8.2 Permissible expanded uncertainties .12 Annex A (informative) General public basic restrictions and reference levels13 Annex B (informative) Occupational basic restrictions and reference levels 15 Annex C (informative)
20、 Example for general EMF information17 Bibliography18 Tables Table 1 Summation parameters 9 Table 2 Permissible expanded uncertainties.12 Table A.1 General public basic restrictions for electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields .13 Table A.2 General public reference levels for electric, magnetic
21、 and electromagnetic fields.14 Table B.1 Occupational basic restrictions for electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields15 Table B.2 Occupational reference levels for time varying electric and magnetic fields 16 EN 50445:2008 4 1 Scope This product family standard applies to equipment for resistan
22、ce welding, arc welding and allied processes designed for use in industrial or domestic environments, including welding power sources, wire feeders and ancillary equipment, e.g. torches, liquid cooling systems and arc striking and stabilising devices. NOTE 1 Allied processes are for example resistan
23、ce hard and soft soldering, resistance heating by means comparable to resistance welding equipment, electric arc cutting and arc spraying. The frequency range covered is 0 Hz to 300 GHz. This product family standard may be used to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of Directive 2006/95/EC
24、1 (needed for placing electric welding equipment on the European market), with regard to the limitation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF). There are additional requirements in the Directive, which are not included in this product family standard. NOTE 2 The Directive 2006/95/EC 1, Ar
25、ticle 2, stipulates that the Member States take all appropriate measures to ensure that electrical equipment may be placed on the market only if, having been constructed in accordance with good engineering practice in safety matters in force in the Community. This product family standard may also be
26、 used for assessment regarding the requirements of Directive 2004/40/EC 3 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (electromagnetic fields) or Recommendation 1999/519/EC 2 on the limitation of exposure of the general pu
27、blic to electromagnetic fields, provided that no other relevant field sources are present in close proximity. If other relevant field sources are present, additional assessment is necessary. NOTE 3 It should be noted that the supplier of specific equipment might not know the overall exposure environ
28、ment in which the equipment is being used. This product family standard can only be used to assess human exposure from the specific equipment under evaluation when being used in accordance with the suppliers guidelines. NOTE 4 Assessment procedures for workplaces with multiple field-sources may be f
29、ound in EN 50499 7. Other standards may apply to products covered by this product family standard. In particular this standard can not be used to demonstrate electromagnetic compatibility with other equipment; nor does it specify any product safety requirements other than those specifically related
30、to human exposure to electromagnetic fields. NOTE 5 Procedures to demonstrate compliance are not specified for the whole frequency range. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited app
31、lies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 50392 Generic standard to demonstrate the compliance of electronic and electrical apparatus with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz 300 GHz
32、) EN 50444 Basic standard for the evaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from equipment for arc welding and allied processes EN 50505 Basic standard for the evaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from equipment for resistance welding and allied processes EN 60974-1 Ar
33、c welding equipment Part 1: Welding power sources (IEC 60974-1) EN 60974-6 Arc welding equipment Part 6: Limited duty manual metal arc welding power sources (IEC 60974-6) 5 EN 50445:2008 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 action
34、values magnitude of directly measurable parameters at which one or more of the specified measures in Directive 2004/40/EC 3 must be undertaken 3.2 arc welding power source equipment for supplying current and voltage and having the required characteristics suitable for arc welding and allied processe
35、s NOTE 1 An arc welding power source may also supply services to other equipment and auxiliaries e.g. auxiliary power, cooling liquid, consumable arc welding electrode and gas to shield the arc and the welding area. NOTE 2 In the following text, the term “welding power source” is used. 3.3 basic res
36、trictions exposure limit values restrictions on exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields that are based directly on established health effects and biological considerations 3.4 compliance boundary spatial border outside which any point of investigation is deemed to be compliant 3.5
37、EMF electric, magnetic or electromagnetic field 3.6 expert competent person skilled person person who can judge the work assigned and recognize possible hazards on the basis of professional training, knowledge, experience and knowledge of the relevant equipment NOTE Several years of practice in the
38、relevant technical field may be taken into consideration in assessment of professional training. 3.7 induced current density (J) electromagnetic field induced current per unit area inside the body 3.8 industrial and professional use use intended only for experts or instructed persons 3.9 instructed
39、person person informed about the tasks assigned and about the possible hazards involved in neglectful behaviour NOTE If necessary, the person has undergone some training. EN 50445:2008 6 3.10 magnetic flux density (B) magnitude of a field vector that is equal to the magnetic field strength H multipl
40、ied by the permeability of the medium B = H 3.11 point of investigation (POI) location in space at which the value of the E-field, H-field or power density is evaluated NOTE This location is defined in cartesian, cylindrical or spherical co-ordinates relative to the reference point on the EUT. 3.12
41、reference levels directly measurable quantities, derived from basic restrictions, provided for practical exposure assessment purposes NOTE Respect of the reference levels will ensure respect of the relevant basic restriction. If the reference levels are exceeded, it does not necessarily follow that
42、the basic restriction will be exceeded. 3.13 resistance welding equipment equipment for supplying current and voltage and having the required characteristics suitable for resistance welding and allied processes 4 Compliance criteria and exposure limits 4.1 Background Reference levels are provided fo
43、r practical exposure assessment purposes to determine whether the basic restrictions are likely to be exceeded. If the measured value exceeds the reference level, it does not necessarily follow that the basic restriction will be exceeded. In some situations, it may be necessary to show compliance wi
44、th the basic restrictions directly, but it may also be possible to derive compliance criteria that allow a simple measurement or calculation to demonstrate compliance with the basic restriction. Often these compliance criteria can be derived using realistic assumptions about conditions under which e
45、xposures from a device may occur, rather than the conservative assumptions that underlie the reference levels. NOTE 1 The limit is the basic restriction. The exposure assessment results for the points of investigation specified in the basic standards EN 50444 and EN 50505 shall be below the relevant
46、 limits. For equipment designed exclusively for mechanized or robotic applications the points of investigation (reflecting the normal operator position for manual welding) defined in the basic standards EN 50444 and EN 50505 are not applicable. The manufacturer of this type of equipment shall define
47、 specific points of investigation. As the highest exposure from equipment covered by the scope of this standard is to be expected in the inductive near-field, summation effects of maximum exposure levels of various pieces of equipment, e.g. in the same factory, are unlikely to be significant. Howeve
48、r, in the presence of other strong magnetic fields (from large transformers, large electrolytic cells, etc.), in situ measurements to evaluate summation effects at medium distances (a few metres) might be appropriate. Such additional measurements are not a requirement of this standard, but may be re
49、quired by other national or international regulations. NOTE 2 Further guidance may be found in EN 50499 7. As there are different limits for general public or occupational exposure, the equipment documentation shall clearly state the intended use. 7 EN 50445:2008 4.2 Equipment for use by the general public The manufacturer shall specify if the equipment is intended to be used by the general public. Arc welding equipment built in accordance with to EN 60974-6 shall be assessed for such use. Any eq
