1、Method of measurement of current noise generated in fixed resistorsBS EN 60195:2016BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 60195:2016. It is identical to IEC 60195:2016. It supersedes BS 41
2、19:1967 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EPL/40X, Capacitors and resistors for electronic equipment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to incl
3、ude all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 86205 2ICS 31.040.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Brit
4、ish Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 60195:2016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 60195 July 2016 ICS 31.040.10 English Vers
5、ion Method of measurement of current noise generated in fixed resistors (IEC 60195:2016) Mthode pour la mesure du bruit produit en charge par les rsistances fixes (IEC 60195:2016) Messverfahren fr das Stromrauschen in Festwiderstnden (IEC 60195:2016) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on
6、 2016-05-12. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may
7、 be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and no
8、tified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany
9、, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation
10、Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members. Ref. No. EN 60195:2016 E BS EN 60195:2016EN 60195:2016 2 Eur
11、opean foreword The text of document 40/2431/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 60195, prepared by IEC/TC 40 “Capacitors and resistors for electronic equipment“ was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 60195:2016. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which the
12、document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2017-02-12 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2019-05-12 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the
13、elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 60195:2016 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modificat
14、ion. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated: IEC 60027 (series) NOTE Harmonized as EN 60027 (series). BS EN 60195:2016EN 60195:2016 3 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding
15、European publications The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendm
16、ents) applies. NOTE 1 When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here: www.cenelec.eu. Publication Year T
17、itle EN/HD Year IEC 60068-1 2013 Environmental testing - Part 1: General and guidance EN 60068-1 2014 BS EN 60195:2016 2 IEC 60195:2016 IEC 2016 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 4 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references. 6 3 Terms and definitions 6 4 Method of measurement 7 4.1 Noise basics . 7 4.1.1 Noise . 7 4.1.2 Th
18、ermal noise 8 4.1.3 Current noise . 8 4.2 Measurement principle 9 4.3 Measurement system 10 4.3.1 Proposal of a suitable measuring system 10 4.3.2 Alternative measuring systems . 11 4.4 Measurement system requirements . 11 4.4.1 Input circuit 11 4.4.2 Isolation resistor RM. 12 4.4.3 DC voltage sourc
19、e . 12 4.4.4 DC electronic voltmeter 12 4.4.5 Calibration resistor RCal. 12 4.4.6 Calibration source 13 4.4.7 Determination of the calibration voltage 13 4.4.8 AC band-pass amplifier 15 4.4.9 AC r.m.s. meter 16 4.4.10 Test fixture 16 4.5 Verification of the measuring system . 17 4.5.1 Performance ch
20、eck by measurement of instrument and thermal noise . 17 4.5.2 Performance check by comparison of repeated measurements 17 5 Measurement procedure 18 5.1 Ambient conditions 18 5.2 Preparation of specimen 18 5.3 Procedure . 18 5.3.1 General . 18 5.3.2 Calibration . 18 5.3.3 Measurement of system noise
21、 S . 18 5.3.4 Measurement of total noise T . 19 5.4 Precautions . 22 6 Evaluation of measurement results . 22 6.1 Term for the contribution of system noise 22 6.2 Determination of the current-noise index A1. 24 6.3 Determination of the current-noise voltage ratio CNRU. 25 6.4 Accuracy . 26 6.5 Requi
22、rements 26 7 Information to be given in the relevant component specification 26 Annex A (informative) Letter symbols and abbreviations . 27 A.1 Letter symbols 27 BS EN 60195:2016IEC 60195:2016 IEC 2016 3 A.2 Abbreviations 27 Annex X (informative) Cross-reference for references to the prior revision
23、of this standard . 28 Bibliography . 29 Figure 1 Block schematic of a suitable measuring system . 11 Figure 2 Typical transfer function of the band-pass amplifier . 16 Figure 3 Contribution of system noise, f(T S) 23 Table 1 Permissible limits of system noise 17 Table 2 Recommended operating conditi
24、ons (1 of 2) . 20 Table 3 Numeric values of the contribution of system noise, f(T S) 24 Table X.1 Cross reference for references to the 1stedition of this standard . 28 BS EN 60195:2016 4 IEC 60195:2016 IEC 2016 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF CURRENT NOISE GENER
25、ATED IN FIXED RESISTORS FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concernin
26、g standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their pr
27、eparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closel
28、y with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant
29、 subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the tech
30、nical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum ext
31、ent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide
32、 conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its
33、 directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses a
34、rising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention
35、is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 60195 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 40: Capacitors and resisto
36、rs for electronic equipment. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1965 and constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: harmonization of the allocation of isolation resisto
37、rs RMin the recommended operating conditions given in Table 2; correction of erroneous numeric values of the contribution of system noise, f(T S) in Table 3; addition of advice on the prescription of requirements in a relevant component specification; addition of a set of recommended measuring condi
38、tions for specimens with a rated dissipation of less than 100 mW; BS EN 60195:2016IEC 60195:2016 IEC 2016 5 complete editorial revision. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 40/2431/FDIS 40/2458/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of th
39、is standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC webs
40、ite under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. BS EN 60195:2016 6 IEC 60195:2016 IEC 2016 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF CURRENT NOISE GENERATED IN FIXED RESISTORS 1
41、 Scope This International Standard specifies a method of measurement and associated test conditions to assess the “noisiness“, or magnitude of current noise, generated in fixed resistors of any given type. The method applies to all classes of fixed resistors. The aim is to provide comparable results
42、 for the determination of the suitability of resistors for use in electronic circuits having critical noise requirements. The current noise in resistive materials reflects the granular structure of the resistive material. For some resistor technologies utilizing homogenous layers it is regarded as p
43、roviding an indication of defects, which are considered as a root cause for abnormal ageing of the component under the influence of temperature and time. The method described in this International Standard is not a general specification requirement and therefore is applied if prescribed by a relevan
44、t component specification, or, if agreed between a customer and a manufacturer. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undate
45、d references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60068-1:2013, Environmental testing Part 1: General and guidance 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 current-noise combination of a
46、ll random fluctuations of current flow in a resistor which are not attributed to thermal agitation of the charge carriers (thermal noise) and which depend on the applied direct current 3.2 current-noise index A1logarithmic index of the ratio of the open circuit r.m.s. current-noise voltage in a freq
47、uency decade, in V, over the d.c. voltage applied under test, in V, used to express the “noisiness” of an individual resistor Note 1 to entry: The current-noise index is expressed in dB. The ratio between V and V is not considered in this index, leading to its value being 120 dB less than the mathem
48、atical current-noise index A1. This practical index follows the history of prior revisions of this method. BS EN 60195:2016IEC 60195:2016 IEC 2016 7 3.3 mathematical current-noise index A1 logarithmic index of the ratio of the open circuit r.m.s. current-noise voltage in a frequency decade over the
49、d.c. voltage applied under test, established in consistent units and their multiples Note 1 to entry: The mathematical current-noise index is expressed in dB. This index has been introduced for the mathematical derivation of the considered parameters. 3.4 current-noise voltage ratio CNRUratio of the open circuit r.m.s. current-noise voltage in a frequency decade over the d.c. voltage applied under test, established in V/V, used to express the “noisiness” of an individual
