1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 60835-3-5:1995 BS7573-3.5: 1995 IEC835-3-5: 1994 Methods of measurement for equipment used in digital microwave radio transmission systems Part3: Measurements on satellite earth stations Section3.5 Up- and down-converters The European Standard EN60835-3-5:1994 has the status o
2、f a BritishStandard UDC 621.396.6:629.783:621.317.08BSEN60835-3-5:1995 This BritishStandard, having been prepared under the directionof the ElectrotechnicalSector Board,was published undertheauthority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15August1995 BSI01-2000 The following BSI reference
3、s relate to the work on this standard: Committee referenceEPL/12 Draft for comment91/22367DC ISBN 0 580 24396 6 Committees responsible for this BritishStandard The preparation of this BritishStandard was entrusted to Technical Committee EPL/12, Radiocommunication, upon which the following bodies wer
4、e represented: British Broadcasting Corporation British Radio and Electronic Equipment Manufacturers Association British Telecommunications plc ERA Technology Ltd. Institution of Electrical Engineers Radio, Electrical and Television Retailers Association Radiocommunications Agency Amendments issued
5、since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSEN60835-3-5:1995 BSI 01-2000 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Text of EN60835-3-5 3 List of references Inside back coverBSEN60835-3-5:1995 ii BSI 01-2000 National foreword This BritishStandard has been
6、 prepared by Technical CommitteeEPL/12 and is the English language version of EN60835-3-5:1994 Methods of measurement for equipment used in digital microwave radio transmission systems Part3:Measurements on satellite earth stations Section3.5: Up- and down-converters, published by the European Commi
7、ttee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC). It is identical with IEC835-3-5:1994 published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). BS EN60835 is published in three Parts. The other Parts are: Part1: Measurements common to terrestrial radio-relay systems and satellite earth s
8、tations; Part2: Measurements on terrestrial radio-relay systems. Some of the many Sections of the three Parts have appeared under the number BS7573, of the same generic title. This Section of BS EN60835 describes methods of measurement of the electrical characteristics of up-converters and down-conv
9、erters used in satellite earth station transmitters and receivers with digital modulation. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not
10、of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-references Publication referred to Corresponding BritishStandard BS EN60835 Methods of measurement for equipment used in digital microwave radio transmission systems Part1 Measurements common to terrestrial radio-relay systems and satellite ear
11、th stations EN60835-1-1:1992 (IEC835-1-1:1990) Section1.1:1994 General EN60835-1-2:1993 (IEC835-1-2:1992) Section1.2:1995 Basic characteristics BS7573 Methods of measurement for equipment used in digital microwave radio transmission systems IEC835-1-3:1992 Part1 Measurements common to terrestrial ra
12、dio-relay systems and satellite earth stations Section1.3:1993 Transmission characteristics IEC835-3-4:1993 Part3 Measurements on satellite earth stations Section3.4:1993 Low noise amplifier Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, theEN title page
13、, pages2 to12, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 60835-3-5 May1994 UDC 621.3
14、96.6:629.783:621.317.08 Descriptors: Radiocommunications, telecommunications, communication equipment, earth stations, satellite broadcasting, microwavefrequencies, measurement, characteristics English version Methods of measurement for equipment used in digital microwave radio transmission systems
15、Part3: Measurements on satellite earth stations Section5: Up- and down-converters (IEC835-3-5:1994) Mthodes de mesure applicables au matriel utilis pour les systmes de transmission numrique en hyperfrquence Partie3: Mesures applicables aux stations terriennes de tlcommunications par satellite Sectio
16、n5: Convertisseurs lvateurs et abaisseurs de frquence (CEI835-3-5:1994) Meverfahren fr Gerte in digitalen Mikrowellen-Funkbertragungs-systemen Teil3: Messungen an Satelliten-Erdfunkstellen Hauptabschnitt5: Sende- und Empfangsumsetzer (IEC835-3-5:1994) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC o
17、n1993-12-08. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may
18、 be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to
19、the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedK
20、ingdom. CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B-1050 Brussels 1994 Copyright reserved to CENELEC members Ref. No. EN 60835-3-5:1994EEN60
21、835-3-5:1994 BSI 01-2000 2 Foreword The text of document12E(CO)147, as prepared by Subcommittee12E: Radio-relay and fixed satellite communications systems, of IEC Technical Committee12, Radiocommunications, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote in April1993. The reference document was appro
22、ved by CENELEC as EN60835-3-5 on8 December1993. The following dates were fixed: Contents Page Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 General 3 3.1 Up-converter 3 3.2 Down-converter 3 4 Input and output return loss 3 5 Input and output level or power 3 6 Gain 3 6.1 Gain stability 4 6.2 Gain
23、compression 4 7 Automatic gain control (a.g.c.) 4 7.1 Definition and general considerations 4 7.2 Method of measurement 4 7.3 Presentation of results 4 7.4 Details to be specified 4 8 Amplitude modulation/phase modulation conversion factor 4 9 Amplitude/frequency characteristic 4 10 Group delay/freq
24、uency characteristic 5 11 Spurious output signals (including harmonics) 5 12 Intermodulation products 5 13 Phase noise 5 13.1 Definition and general considerations 5 13.2 Method of measurement using a spectrum analyser 5 13.3 Alternative method of measurement for down-converters 5 Page 13.4 Alternat
25、ive method of measurement for up-converters 5 13.5 Presentation of results 6 13.6 Details to be specified 6 14 Noise figure 6 14.1 Up-converter 6 14.2 Down-converter 6 14.3 Calibration 7 14.4 Correction of the measurement data 7 14.5 Presentation of results 7 14.6 Details to be specified 7 15 Local
26、oscillator frequency 7 Annex ZA (normative) Other international publications quoted in this standard with thereferences of the relevant European publications 12 Figure 1 Typical block diagram of an up-converter (double mixer type) 8 Figure 2 Typical block diagram of a down-converter (double mixer ty
27、pe) 8 Figure 3 S.s.b. phase noise measuring arrangement using a spectrum analyser 9 Figure 4 Example of an arrangement formeasuring the phase noise of a down-converter 9 Figure 5 Example of an arrangement formeasuring the phase noise of an up-converter 10 Figure 6 Up-converter noise figure test set-
28、up 11 Figure 7 Down-converter noise figure test set-up 11 latest date of publication ofan identical national standard (dop)1995-04-01 latest date of withdrawal ofconflicting national standards (dow)1995-04-01EN60835-3-5:1994 BSI 01-2000 3 1 Scope This section of IEC835-3 describes methods of measure
29、ment of the electrical characteristics of up-converters and down-converters used in satellite earth station transmitters and receivers with digital modulation. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
30、this section of IEC835-3. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this section of IEC835-3 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative do
31、cuments indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IEC835-1-1:1990, Methods of measurement for equipment used in digital microwave radio transmission systems Part1: Measurements common to terrestrial radio-relay systems and satellite earth
32、stations Section1: General. IEC835-1-2:1992, Methods of measurement for equipment used in digital microwave radio transmission systems Part1: Measurements common to terrestrial radio-relay systems and satellite earth stations Section2: Basic characteristics. IEC835-1-3:1992, Methods of measurement f
33、or equipment used in digital microwave radio transmission systems Part1: Measurements common to terrestrial radio-relay systems and satellite earth stations Section3: Transmission characteristics. IEC835-3-4:1993, Methods of measurement for equipment used in digital microwave radio transmission syst
34、ems Part3: Measurements on satellite earth stations Section4: Low noise amplifier. 3 General 3.1 Up-converter An up-converter is a subsystem of the transmitting chain which converts an i.f. signal (e.g.in the frequency bands70MHz or140MHz) to an r.f. signal (e.g.in the frequency bands6GHz or14GHz).
35、Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a typical double conversion up-converter. Note that in some cases only one mixing stage may be used. The up-converter shown inFigure 1 consists principally of a first i.f. stage, a first mixer, a first local oscillator and a first i.f. filter, a second i.f. stage, a
36、 second mixer, a second local oscillator and an r.f. output filter. The filters are provided after the mixers to suppress the local oscillator signals and other spurious signals which may be present at the output of the mixers. I.F. equalizers may be provided for correcting the up-converter amplitud
37、e/frequency and/or group delay/frequency characteristics but additional, separate, i.f. amplitude and group-delay equalizers may be provided to equalize the earth station transmit characteristic and to pre-correct for the satellite group-delay and amplitude/frequency response. A variable attenuator
38、is included to adjust the gain of the up-converter. 3.2 Down-converter A down-converter is a subsystem of the receiving chain which converts an r.f. signal (e.g.in the frequency bands4GHz or11GHz) to an i.f. signal (e.g.in the frequency bands70MHz or140MHz). Figure 2 shows a block diagram of a typic
39、al double-conversion down-converter. Note that in some cases only one mixing stage may be used. The down-converter shown inFigure 2 consists principally of an r.f. filter, a first mixer, a first local oscillator, a first i.f. stage, a first i.f. filter, a second mixer, a second local oscillator and
40、a second i.f. stage. The i.f. filters are provided after the mixers to suppress the local oscillator signals and other spurious signals which may be present at the output. I.F. equalizers may be provided for correcting the down-converter amplitude/frequency and/or group delay/frequency characteristi
41、cs. Equalization of the receiving chain is normally carried out by individual equalizers. Automatic gain control (a.g.c.) may be provided to maintain a constant i.f. level with variations in the r.f. input level. 4 Input and output return loss SeeIEC835-1-2. NOTESpecial care should be taken that unw
42、anted signals are excluded by the measuring equipment, particularly those from the local oscillator. During the measurement the oscillator power should be adjusted to its nominal value. 5 Input and output level or power SeeIEC835-1-2. 6 Gain SeeIEC835-1-2. The gain is usually adjustable and should b
43、e measured at specified gain control setting.EN60835-3-5:1994 4 BSI 01-2000 NOTEThe input and output frequencies are different and this should be taken into account in the test arrangement. 6.1 Gain stability SeeIEC835-3-4. 6.2 Gain compression 6.2.1 Definition Gain compression is the ratio, in deci
44、bels, between the gain measured at low signal levels and the gain measured at a specified test output and input level. It is usual to specify the output level at which gain compression is1dB. 6.2.2 Method of measurement The gain as defined above is measured at different input signal levels and gain
45、compression is then calculated from the values obtained. For the measurement of small gain compressions, the test equipment used needs to be of high accuracy and stability. If a filter is included to measure the wanted signal, its insertion loss needs to be taken into account in the presentation of
46、the results. A selective level meter may be used to select the wanted signal for measurement. The gain compression can then be evaluated from the curve which relates output level to input level. NOTE 1If the converter provides a.g.c., this control needs to be switched off and the i.f. gain adjusted
47、manually to obtain the specified test output level at the nominal input level(s). NOTE 2To avoid errors due to power fluctuations, it may be necessary to use two power meters which are read simultaneously one meter being connected to the input port and the other to the output port. The use of differ
48、ential measuring equipment enables the measurement of gain compression to be made with greater accuracy than is achievable using two power meters. 6.2.3 Presentation of results Preferably the results should be presented as a graph of power gain versus input power. When the results are not presented
49、graphically, they should be given as in the following example: “The gain compression at output level of . dBm is . dB.” 6.2.4 Details to be specified The following items should be included, as required, in the detailed equipment specification: a) input level(s) and frequency; b) output level(s) and frequency; c) permitted gain compression. 7 Automatic gain control (a.g.c.) If an a.g.c. is employed its performance can be measured as described below. 7.1 Definition and general considerations The a.g.c. characteristic of th
