1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 4022:2006Incorporating Amendment No. 1 (renumbers BS 5600-3.6:1988 as BS EN ISO 4022:2006)Powder metallurgical materials and products Part 3: Methods of testing sintered metal materials and products, excluding hardmetals Section 3.6 Determination of fluid permeabilityISO ti
2、tle: Permeable sintered metal materials Determination of fluid permeabilityThe European Standard EN ISO 4022:2006 has the status of a British StandardUDC 621.762:669 138.8:620.163.1 + 620.165.29g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38
3、g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN ISO 4022:2006This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Iron and Steel Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 3
4、1 October 1988 BSI 2006The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference ISM/65 Draft announced in BSI News December 1987ISBN 0 580 16736 4National forewordThis British Standard is the official English language version of EN ISO 4022:2006. It is identical with ISO
5、4022:1987.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ISE/65, Sintered metal components, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which imp
6、lement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication do
7、es not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/Europe
8、an committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN ISO ti
9、tle page, the EN ISO foreword page, pages 1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Comments16280 31 July 2006 Renumbers BS 5600-3.6:1998 as BS EN ISO
10、 4022:2006iContentsPageNational foreword Inside front cover1 Scope and field of application 12 Reference 13 Principle 14 Symbols and definitions 25 Test piece 26 Apparatus 37 Procedure 58 Expression of results 69 Test report 7Annex A The flow of fluid through porous materials 8Annex B Test fluids 9F
11、igure 1 Guard ring test head 4Figure 2 Jig for testing hollow cylindrical test pieces 5Table Symbols and definitions 2Publication referred to Inside back cover BSI 2006EN ISO 4022:2006ii blankEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 4022April 2006ICS 77.160English VersionPermeable sinte
12、red metal materials - Determination of fluidpermeability (ISO 4022:1987)Matriaux mtalliques fritts permables - Dterminationde la permabilit aux fluides (ISO 4022:1987)Durchlssige Sintermetallwerkstoffe - Bestimmung derFlssigkeitsdurchlssigkeit (ISO 4022:1987)This European Standard was approved by CE
13、N on 9 March 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may
14、be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central
15、 Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
16、Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any mean
17、s reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 4022:2006: EForeword The text of ISO 4022:1987 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119 “Powder metallurgy” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 4022:2006 by Technical Com
18、mittee CEN/SS M11 “Powder metallurgy“, the secretariat of which is held by CMC. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
19、at the latest by October 2006. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Icel
20、and, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 4022:1987 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 4022:2006 without any modifications. EN ISO 40
21、22:200611 Scope and field of applicationThis International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the fluid permeability of permeable sintered metal materials in which the porosity is deliberately continuous or interconnecting, testing being carried out under such conditions that the f
22、luid permeability can be expressed in terms of viscous and inertia permeability coefficients (see Annex A).This International Standard does not apply to very long hollow cylindrical test pieces of small diameter, in which the pressure drop of the fluid in passing along the bore of the cylinder may n
23、ot be negligible compared with the pressure drop of the fluid passing through the wall thickness (see Annex A, clause A.5).2 ReferenceISO 2738, Permeable sintered metal materials Determination of density, oil content and open porosity. 3 PrinciplePassage of a test fluid of known viscosity and densit
24、y through a test piece, and measurement of the pressure drop and the volumetric flow rate.Determination of the viscous and inertia permeability coefficients, which are parameters of a formula describing the relationship between the pressure drop, the volumetric flow rate, the viscosity and density o
25、f the test fluid, and the dimensions of the porous metal test piece permeated by this fluid.EN ISO 4022:2006 BSI 200624 Symbols and definitionsFor the purposes of this International Standard, the symbols and definitions given in the Table apply:Table Symbols and definitionsTerm Symbol Definition Uni
26、tPermeability Ability of a porous metal to pass a fluid under the action of a pressure gradient Test area A Area of a porous metal normal to the direction of the fluid flow m2Thickness e Dimension of the test piece in the direction of fluid flowma) for flat test pieces: equal to the thicknessb) for
27、hollow cylinders: given by the equation in 6.1.2Length L Length of cylinder (see Figure 2) mViscous permeability coefficientv Volume flow rate at which a fluid of unit viscosity is transmitted through unit area of porous metal permeated under the action of unit pressure gradient when the resistance
28、to fluid flow is due only to viscous losses. It is independent of the quantity of porous metal considered.m2Inertia permeability coefficienti Volume flow rate at which a fluid of unit density is transmitted through unit area of porous metal permeated under the action of unit pressure gradient when t
29、he resistance to fluid flow is due only to inertia losses. It is independent of the quantity of porous metal considered.mVolume flow rate Q Mass flow rate of the fluid divided by its density m3/sUpstream pressure p1 Pressure upstream of the test pieceN/m2Downstream pressure p2 Pressure downstream of
30、 the test pieceMean pressure p Half the sum of the upstream and downstream pressuresPressure drop %p Difference between the pressures on the upstream and downstream surfaces of the porous test piece N/m2Pressure gradient %p/e Pressure drop divided by the thickness of porous test piece N/m3Velocity Q
31、/A Ratio of the volumetric flow rate to the test area m/sDensity Density of the test fluid at the mean temperature and pressure kg/m3Dynamic viscosity Absolute dynamic viscosity coefficient as defined by Newtons law Ns/m2Apparatus correction (to be subtracted from the observed pressure drop) Pressur
32、e difference observed between the upstream and downstream pressure tappings when the test apparatus is used without a porous test piece in position. (It varies with the flow rate through the apparatus and arises from venturi effects at the pressure tappings and other causes)N/m2Mean absolute tempera
33、ture T Half the sum of the temperatures of the fluid at the upstream side and the downstream side of the test piece KEN ISO 4022:2006 BSI 200635 Test pieceBefore testing with gas, all liquid shall be removed from the pores of the test piece. Oil and grease shall be removed by using a suitable solven
34、t with the extraction method given in ISO 2738. The test piece shall be dried before testing.6 Apparatus6.1 EquipmentThe choice of apparatus is mainly dictated by the size, shape and physical characteristics of the test piece.This International Standard refers to two different types of apparatus sui
35、table for determining the fluid permeability of porous test pieces.6.1.1 Guard ring test head for flat test piecesThis is a type of test apparatus which is recommended for carrying out non-destructive testing of partial areas of flat porous sheets.The permeable metal sheet is clamped between two pai
36、rs of flexible seals. The inner pair, corresponding to the test area, has a mean diameter of D1. The outer pair, of mean diameter D2, forms a guard ring surrounding the test-area, which is pressurized to prevent side leakage from the test area (seeFigure 1). The width of the annulus formed by the gu
37、ard ring test head shall be not less than the thickness of the sheet, i.e.:The guard ring test head minimizes side leakage by ensuring that the pressure is the same in the inner and outer chambers. On the upperstream face of the test piece, this is achieved by arranging that the port area connecting
38、 the upper chambers (as shown in Figure 1) is as large as possible. On the downstream face of the test piece, the inner chamber leads to a flowmeter, usually subject to a small back pressure, and the outer chamber leads to atmosphere via a pressure-equalizing valve. This valve is adjusted to equaliz
39、e the pressure in the inner and outer chambers. The fitting of a restrictor between the test piece and the flowmeter, to increase the back pressure and thus permit more stable control of the pressure-equalizing valve, is allowed.However, ideally, the pressure on the downstream face of the test piece
40、 should be as near as possible to atmospheric pressure and a restrictor should not be used unless necessary for the adjustment of the pressure drop in the flowmeter.Toroidal sealing rings (“O”-rings) are recommended for the inner seals.The seals shall be sufficiently flexible to overcome all surface
41、 imperfections and lack of flatness of the porous metal. In some instances it may be necessary to load the inner and outer seals separately to ensure leak-free sealing.Two upper and two lower seals are required and these shall be in line with each other.6.1.2 Jig for hollow cylindrical test piecesTh
42、e permeability of hollow cylindrical test pieces is conveniently measured by clamping the cylinder axially between two flat surfaces and causing the test fluid to permeate outwards through the wall of the cylinder. An example is shown in Figure 2. The flowmeter is placed upstream of the test piece.
43、When clamping the porous metal cylinder under test, sufficiently flexible seals shall be used to overcome surface irregularities so as to ensure leak-free sealing.6.2 Test fluidsIn the majority of cases, gases are more convenient test fluids than liquids (see Annex B).Test gases shall be clean and d
44、ry.By agreement between the interested parties, liquids may be used where the permeability with reference to a specific liquid is required. This liquid shall be clean and free from dissolved gases.D2 D12- WeEN ISO 4022:2006 BSI 20064Figure 1 Guard ring test headEN ISO 4022:2006 BSI 200657 Procedure7
45、.1 Measurement of thickness and area of the test piece7.1.1 Flat test piecesThe size of micrometer anvils shall not be larger than the size of the surface irregularities, nor smaller than the pore size.The test area is defined as that area normal to the direction of fluid flow, and, provided that th
46、e pressure gradient is uniform, this definition is meaningful and the test area is readily measured.7.1.2 Hollow cylindrical test piecesFor hollow cylinders, the thickness e and the test area A are given by the following relationships:where r = (see Figure 2)NOTEThe diameter d0 should be approximate
47、ly equal to diameter d and the distance h should be as small as possible to minimizethe apparatus correction.Figure 2 Jig for testing hollow cylindrical test piecesDd-EN ISO 4022:2006 BSI 20066When the wall thickness is small compared with d, for example less than 0,1 d, the thickness e and test are
48、a A are given by the following equations:7.2 Measurement of pressure dropThe pressure drop may be determined either by measuring the upstream and downstream pressures separately and taking the difference or by using a differential pressure gauge.The apparatus correction is obtained by using the equi
49、pment with no test piece in place and observing the pressure drop over the required range of flow rates. The apparatus correction should preferably not exceed 10 % of the pressure drop (see the Table).7.3 Measurement of flow rateA primary standard for the measurement of the flow rate of the test fluid is preferred. The flow rate shall be corrected to the mean pressure and temperature of the test piece. However, a standard flowmeter (previously calibrated against a primary standard) may be more convenient to us
