1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Calculation and presentation of climatic data Part 4: Hourly data for assessing the annual energy u
2、se for heating and coolingThe European Standard EN ISO 15927-4:2005 has the status of a British StandardICS 91.120.10; 07.060Hygrothermal performance of buildings BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 15927-4:2005BS EN ISO 15927-4:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Poli
3、cy and Strategy Committee on 7 December 2005 BSI 7 December 2005ISBN 0 580 47344 9Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspond
4、ence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of its
5、elf confer immunity from legal obligations.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN ISO title page, the EN ISO foreword page, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 5 and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document
6、 indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsA list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or
7、 proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.National forewordThis British Standard is the official English language version of EN ISO 15927-4:2005. It is identical with ISO 15927-4:2005.The UK participat
8、ion in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/540, Energy performance of materials, components and buildings, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text;EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 15927-4July 2005ICS 91.120.10; 07.060English Versi
9、onHygrothermal performance of buildings - Calculation andpresentation of climatic data - Part 4: Hourly data for assessingthe annual energy use for heating and cooling (ISO 15927-4:2005)Performance hygrothermique des btiments - Calcul etprsentation des donnes climatiques - Partie 4: Donneshoraires p
10、our lvaluation du besoin nergtique annuel dechauffage et de refroidissement (ISO 15927-4:2005)Wrme- und feuchtetechnisches Verhalten von Gebuden -Berechnung und Darstellung von Klimadaten - Teil 4:Stndliche Daten zur Abschtzung desJahresenergiebedarfs fr Heiz- und Khlsysteme (ISO15927-4:2005)This Eu
11、ropean Standard was approved by CEN on 27 June 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references conc
12、erning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own la
13、nguage and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Ma
14、lta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in
15、 any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 15927-4:2005: EEN ISO 15927-4:2005 Foreword This document (EN ISO 15927-4:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 89 “Thermal performance of buildings and building components“, the secretariat of whic
16、h is held by SIS, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 163 “Thermal insulation“. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2006, and conflicting national standards shall
17、be withdrawn at the latest by January 2006. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
18、Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Reference numberISO 15927-4:2005(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO15927-4First edition2005-07-15Hygrothermal performance of bui
19、ldings Calculation and presentation of climatic data Part 4: Hourly data for assessing the annual energy use for heating and cooling Performance hygrothermique des btiments Calcul et prsentation des donnes climatiques Partie 4: Donnes horaires pour lvaluation du besoin nergtique annuel de chauffage
20、et de refroidissement EN ISO 15927-4:2005ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 1 4 Sources of meteorological data 2 5 Construction of reference year . 2 6 Presentation of the reference years 4 Bibliography . 5 EN ISO 15
21、927-4:2005iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject
22、for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) o
23、n all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees
24、are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held
25、 responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 15927-4 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 89, Thermal performance of buildings and building components, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance
26、and energy use in the built environment, Subcommittee SC 2, Calculation methods in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). ISO 15927 consists of the following parts, under the general title Hygrothermal performance of buildings Calculation and p
27、resentation of climatic data: Part 1: Monthly means of single meteorological elements Part 4: Hourly data for assessing the annual energy for heating and cooling Part 5: Data for design heat load for space heating Part 6: Accumulated temperature differences (degree days) Future parts are planned on
28、the following subjects: Hourly data for design cooling load Calculation of a driving rain index for vertical surfaces from hourly wind and rain data EN ISO 15927-4:2005vIntroduction This standard covers the selection of appropriate meteorological data for the assessment of the long-term mean energy
29、use for heating and cooling of buildings. Means of selecting data to assess the maximum heating demand are specified in ISO 15927-5. Correct simulation of building performance depends not only on the appropriate mean values of the meteorological parameters, but also on the frequency distributions of
30、 individual parameters and the cross correlations between them. As these can be difficult to retain in the type of artificially constructed reference year discussed in this part of ISO 15927, the use of long periods (at least ten years but preferably more) of hourly meteorological data is preferred
31、where possible. This also takes into account long spells of unusually warm or cold weather, lasting several months, which is eliminated in the construction of a reference year. In practice, however, long runs of hourly data containing all the necessary parameters are very expensive and can be diffic
32、ult to obtain for many areas. There is, therefore, still a need for annual sets of data that can be used to represent the long-term mean performance of buildings. These can be generated once from long runs of expensive data and then distributed more cheaply. This part of ISO 15927 specifies a method
33、 for the construction of a reference year from a longer meteorological record. Other methods are possible for constructing reference years for specific purposes, including those methods that are based on an analysis of general weather situations. EN ISO 15927-4:2005blank1Hygrothermal performance of
34、buildings Calculation and presentation of climatic data Part 4: Hourly data for assessing the annual energy use for heating and cooling 1 Scope This part of ISO 15927 specifies a method for constructing a reference year of hourly values of appropriate meteorological data suitable for assessing the a
35、verage annual energy for heating and cooling. Other reference years representing average conditions can be constructed for special purposes. The procedures in this part of ISO 15927 are not suitable for constructing extreme or semi-extreme years for simulation of, for example, moisture damage or ene
36、rgy demand in cold years. Meteorological instrumentation and methods of observation are not covered; these are specified by the World Meteorological Organization. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, o
37、nly the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. World Meteorological Organization (WMO): Guide to meteorological instruments and methods of observation. No. 8, 6th Edition, 1996 3 Terms, definitions and symbols
38、3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 cumulative distribution function normalized rank order of the values of a parameter, when drawn up in increasing order, within a specified period 3.1.2 reference year year of hourly values o
39、f appropriate meteorological parameters representative of the long term climate EN ISO 15927-4:20052 3.2 Symbols F(p) cumulative distribution function of p within each individual month FSFinkelstein-Schafer statistic J rank order of daily means within a calendar month in one year K rank order of dai
40、ly means within that calendar month in the whole data set N number of days in any calendar month in the whole data set m month of the year n number of days in an individual month p climate parameter (temperature, solar radiation or humidity) p daily mean of any climate parameter y year (p) cumulativ
41、e distribution function of p within each calendar month in all the years in a sample 4 Sources of meteorological data Data used for calculations in accordance with this standard shall have been measured by the methods specified in WMO Guide No. 8, 1996. Because the data used in the selection procedu
42、re see 5.3.1, items a) to g) are processed in a way different from that normally used by the weather services, much care has to be exercised in the quality control of the raw data. Missing values shall be generated by linear interpolation or by estimate, and sudden, unnatural jumps or singular value
43、s shall be examined and corrected. If the raw data are available only as three-hourly data (sometimes referred to as synoptic data), then the missing values shall be calculated by linear interpolation. 5 Construction of reference year 5.1 Necessary parameters The reference year shall contain hourly
44、values of at least the following meteorological parameters, taken from a location or locations representative of the climate concerned: dry-bulb air temperature; direct normal solar irradiance and diffuse solar irradiance on a horizontal surface; relative humidity, absolute humidity, water vapour pr
45、essure or dewpoint temperature; wind speed at a height of 10 m above ground. As temperature, radiation and humidity are the key parameters for cooling and heating calculations, these are used to construct the reference year. NOTE Other parameters can be used to develop reference years for special ap
46、plications. EN ISO 15927-4:200535.2 Principle of construction In principle, if a year existed within the long-term data in which each month was representative of the long-term conditions, this year could be used as a reference year. However, that is unlikely and in practice the most appropriate mont
47、hs are selected from a number of different years and joined together, with smoothing at the joins, to construct a complete year. The procedure specified below is designed to construct a year of hourly values in which the mean value of individual variables, their frequency distribution, and correlati
48、ons between the different variables within each month are as close as possible to the corresponding calendar month of the long term data set. The procedure therefore has two stages: a) selection of the best month, as defined in 5.3, from the multi-year record for each calendar month; b) adjustment o
49、f the hourly values in the selected month so as to provide a smooth transition when the different months are joined to form a year. The procedures in a) and b) are such that the correlations between variables are retained. 5.3 Procedure 5.3.1 Selection of months to form the reference year In the procedure described below, dry-bulb temperature, solar radiation and humidity are taken as the primary parameters for selecting the “best” months to form the reference year, with win
