1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 20685:20103-D scanning methodologiesfor internationally compatibleanthropometric databasesBS EN ISO 20685:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is
2、 the UK implementation of 20685:2010. It supersedes BS EN ISO 20685:2005 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PH/9, Applied ergonomics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publi
3、cation does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010 ISBN 978 0 580 68684 9 ICS 13.180 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the aut
4、hority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2010. Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEN ISO EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 20685 June 2010 ICS 13.180 Supersedes EN ISO 20685:2005English Version 3-D scanning methodologies fo
5、r internationally compatible anthropometric databases (ISO 20685:2010) Mthodologies dexploration tridimensionnelles pour les bases de donnes anthropomtriques compatibles au plan international (ISO 20685:2010) 3-D-Scanverfahren fr international kompatible anthropometrische Datenbanken (ISO 20685:2010
6、) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 June 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical refe
7、rences concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member
8、 into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
9、Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-
10、1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 20685:2010: EEN ISO 20685:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 20685:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics“ in collaboratio
11、n with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2010, and conflicting national standards shall
12、be withdrawn at the latest by December 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 20685:200
13、5. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irel
14、and, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 20685:2010 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 20685:2010 without any modification. BS EN ISO 2
15、0685:2010ISO 20685:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Accuracy of extracted measurements 5 5 Research designs for establishing accuracy of body dimensions extracted from scanners.8 6 Method fo
16、r estimating the number of subjects needed 9 Annex A (informative) Methods for reducing error in 3-D scanning11 Bibliography20 BS EN ISO 20685:2010ISO 20685:2010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
17、standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
18、 organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules g
19、iven in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at leas
20、t 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 20685 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159,
21、 Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 3, Anthropometry and biomechanics. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 20685:2005), of which it constitutes a minor revision. BS EN ISO 20685:2010ISO 20685:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved vIntroduction Anthropometric measures are key to m
22、any International Standards. These measures can be gathered using a variety of instruments. An instrument with relatively new application to anthropometry is a three-dimensional (3-D) scanner. 3-D scanners generate a 3-D point cloud of the outside of the human body that can be used for clothing and
23、automotive design, engineering and medical applications. There are currently no standardized methods for using 3-D point clouds in the design process. As a result, many users extract one-dimensional (1-D) data from 3-D point clouds. This International Standard concerns the application of 3-D scanner
24、s to the collection of one-dimensional anthropometric data for use in design. There are a number of different fundamental technologies that underlie commercially available systems. These include stereophotogrammetry, ultrasound and light (laser light, white light and infrared). Further, the software
25、 that is available to process data from the scan varies in its methods. Additionally, software to extract dimensions similar to traditional dimensions varies markedly in features and capabilities. As a result of differences in fundamental technology, hardware and software, extracted measurements fro
26、m several different systems can be markedly different for the same individual. Since 3-D scanning can be used to gather measurements, such as lengths and circumferences, it was important to develop an International Standard that allows users of such systems to judge whether the 3-D system is adequat
27、e for these needs. The intent of ISO 20685 is to ensure comparability of body measurements as specified by ISO 7250-1 but measured with the aid of 3-D body scanners rather than with traditional anthropometric instruments such as tape measures and callipers. It is further intended that by conformance
28、 with this International Standard any data extracted from scans will be suitable for inclusion in international databases such as those described in ISO 15535. BS EN ISO 20685:2010This page deliberately left blankINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20685:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 13-D scanning met
29、hodologies for internationally compatible anthropometric databases 1 Scope This International Standard addresses protocols for the use of 3-D surface-scanning systems in the acquisition of human body shape data and measurements defined in ISO 7250-1 that can be extracted from 3-D scans. It does not
30、apply to instruments that measure the location and/or motion of individual landmarks. While mainly concerned with whole-body scanners, it is also applicable to body-segment scanners (head scanners, hand scanners, foot scanners). The intended audience is those who use 3-D scanners to create 1-D anthr
31、opometric databases and the users of 1-D anthropometric data from 3-D scanners. Although not necessarily aimed at the designers and manufacturers of those systems, scanner designers and manufacturers will find it useful in meeting the needs of clients who build and use 1-D anthropometric databases.
32、2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 7250-1:2008, Basic hum
33、an body measurements for technological design Part 1: Body measurement definitions and landmarks 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. NOTE In the case of definitions of terms for skeletal landmarks, when there is a separate term for th
34、e skin overlying the landmark and another for the landmark itself, the skin landmark term is used. Where there is no separate term, the skeletal term is used and assumed to refer to the skin overlying the landmark. 3.1 three-dimensional 3-D pertaining to the use of three orthogonal scales on which t
35、he three coordinates, x, y and z, can be measured to give the precise position of any relevant anatomical point in the considered space NOTE Many anthropometric distances can be calculated from the coordinates of anatomical landmarks. Some additional points may be necessary to obtain circumferences.
36、 3.2 3-D body scanner hardware and software system that creates digital data representing a human form, or parts thereof, in three dimensions BS EN ISO 20685:2010ISO 20685:2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights reserved3.3 3-D processing software operating system, user interface, programs, algorithms and ins
37、tructions associated with a 3-D scanning system 3.4 3-D scanner hardware physical components of a 3-D scanner and any associated computer(s) 3.5 accuracy extent to which the measured value approximates a true value NOTE Since it is difficult to trace the accuracy of complex hardware and software sys
38、tems to recognized ISO sources, for the purposes of this International Standard true value is taken to mean the measured value obtained by a skilled anthropometrist using traditional instruments such as tape and calliper. 3.6 acromion most lateral point of the lateral edge of the spine (acromial pro
39、cess) of the scapula ISO 7250-1:2008, 2.2.1 3.7 anatomical landmark clearly defined point on the body that can be used for defining anthropometric measurements 3.8 anterior superior iliac spine most downward-directed point of the iliac crest 3.9 anthropometric database collection of individual body
40、measurements (anthropometric data) and background information (demographic data) recorded on a group of people (the sample) ISO 15535:2006, 3.8 3.10 cervicale tip of the prominent bone at the base of the back of the neck (spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra) NOTE Adapted from ISO 7250-1
41、:2008, definition 2.2.5. 3.11 crotch level distal part of the inferior ramus of the pubic bone on a standing subject NOTE It is typically marked using the top of a horizontal straightedge. 3.12 Frankfurt plane standard horizontal plane at the level of the left tragion and left infraorbitale when the
42、 midsagittal plane of the head is held vertically NOTE Adapted from ISO 7250-1:2008, definition 2.2.8. BS EN ISO 20685:2010ISO 20685:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 33.13 glabella most anterior point of the forehead between the browridges in the midsagittal plane ISO 7250-1:2008, 2.2.9 3.14 ili
43、ocristale most lateral palpable point of the iliac crest of the pelvis 3.15 infraorbitale lowest point on the anterior border of the bony eye socket 3.16 lateral malleolus most lateral point of the right lateral malleolus (outside ankle bone) 3.17 lowest rib inferior point of the bottom of the rib c
44、age 3.18 menton lowest point of the tip of the chin in the midsagittal plane ISO 7250-1:2008, 2.2.16 3.19 mesosternale point on the union of the third and fourth sternebrae ISO 7250-1:2008, 2.2.17 3.20 opisthocranion most distant point from glabella in the midsagittal plane 3.21 point cloud collecti
45、on of 3-D points in space referenced by their coordinate values NOTE A point cloud constitutes the raw data from a 3-D scanner and needs to be translated to a human axis system. 3.22 radial styloid protuberance of the radius at the wrist NOTE Adapted from ISO 7250-1:2008, definition 2.2.26. 3.23 rep
46、eatability extent to which the values of a variable measured twice on the same subject are the same 3.24 sellion point of greatest indentation of the nasal root depression BS EN ISO 20685:2010ISO 20685:2010(E) 4 ISO 2010 All rights reserved3.25 stylion distal point of the radial styloid NOTE Adapted
47、 from ISO 7250-1:2008, definition 2.2.26. 3.26 suprapatella superior point of the patella (kneecap)3.27 thelion centre of the nipple 3.28 thyroid cartilage prominent cartilage on the anterior surface of the neck ISO 7250-1:2008, 2.2.28 3.29 tibiale point at the upper inside (medial) edge of the prox
48、imal end of the tibial bone of the lower leg ISO 7250-1:2008, 2.2.29 3.30 top of head highest point of the head with the head oriented in the Frankfurt plane 3.31 tragion notch just above the tragus NOTE Adapted from ISO 7250-1:2008, definition 2.2.30. 3.32 tragus small cartilaginous flap in front o
49、f the ear hole NOTE Adapted from ISO 7250-1:2008, definition 2.2.30. 3.33 ulnar stylion most distal point on the ulnar styloid NOTE Adapted from ISO 7250-1:2008, definition 2.2.26. 3.34 ulnar styloid protuberance of the ulna at the wrist NOTE Adapted from ISO 7250-1:2008, definition 2.2.26. 3.35 vertical plane geometric plane tangent to a point on the body and orthogonal to the mid-sagittal plane BS EN ISO 20685:2010ISO 20685:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 53.36 x, y, z coordinate system axis system system for measuring the
