1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 11320:2011Nuclear criticality safety Emergency preparedness andresponseBS ISO 11320:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of
2、 ISO 11320:2011.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee NCE/9, Nuclear fuel cycle technology.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions o
3、f a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 62438 4ICS 27.120.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 Octob
4、er 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 11320:2011Nuclear criticality safety Emergency preparedness and responseSret-criticit Prparation des interventions et intervention durgence ISO 2011Reference numberISO 11320:2011(E)First edition2011-10-01ISO11320INTERNATIONAL STANDA
5、RDBS ISO 11320:2011ISO 11320:2011(E)COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2011All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writi
6、ng from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in Switzerlandii ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 11320:2011IS
7、O 11320:2011(E)Contents PageForeword .vIntroduction .vi1 Scope 12 Normative references .13 Terms and definitions .14 Emergency preparedness .34.1 Responsibilities .34.2 Evaluation 44.3 Location and design of operations .44.4 Immediate evacuation zone 44.5 Emergency response plan 44.6 Equipment and m
8、aterials 54.7 Classroom training, exercises, and evacuation drills .65 Emergency response .75.1 Responsibilities .75.2 Evacuation .75.3 Re-entry, rescue, and stabilization .7Bibliography .9 ISO 2011 All rights reserved iiiBS ISO 11320:2011ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardizati
9、on) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be re
10、presented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards a
11、re drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Internation
12、al Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 11320 was prepa
13、red by Technical Committee ISO/TC 85, Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies, and radiological protection, Subcommittee SC 5, Nuclear fuel cycle.ISO 11320:2011(E)iv ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 11320:2011IntroductionCriticality safety programmes at facilities that might use significant quantitie
14、s and concentrations of fissile material are primarily directed at avoiding nuclear criticality accidents. However, the possibility of such accidents exists and the consequences can be life-threatening. For facilities that are judged to have a credible criticality accident risk, this necessitates ad
15、vance planning, practice in planned emergency responses, and verification of readiness. Two distinct phases are identified: the emergency preparedness phase, which needs to be enforced continuously, and the emergency response phase, which needs only to be activated when it is indicated that a critic
16、ality accident could be developing, could be occurring or could have occurred.ISO 11320:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved vBS ISO 11320:2011BS ISO 11320:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11320:2011(E)Nuclear criticality safety Emergency preparedness and response1 ScopeThis International Standard pro
17、vides criteria for emergency preparedness and response to minimize consequences due to a nuclear criticality accident. The criticality safety of operations are evaluated in accordance with ISO 1709.This International Standard applies to a site with one or more facilities which might contain signific
18、ant quantities and concentrations of fissile material. The extent to which this International Standard needs to be applied depends on the overall criticality risk presented by the facilities at the site.This International Standard does not apply to off-site transport and transit storage of packages
19、with fissile material.This International Standard does not apply to sites with operating nuclear power plants or to facilities with research reactors which are licensed to become critical or near-critical, provided that there are no operations with fissile material external to the reactor for which
20、a credible criticality accident risk exists. This International Standard can be applied to such sites and facilities in specific cases, if supported by site management and by licensing authorities.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
21、document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 921, Nuclear energy VocabularyISO 1709, Nuclear energy Fissile materials Principles of criticality safety in storing, handling
22、and processing3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 921 and the following apply.3.1drillsupervised instruction intended to test, develop, maintain and practise the skills required in a particular emergency response activityNOTE A drill can b
23、e a component of an exercise.3.2emergencynon-routine situation or event that necessitates prompt action, primarily to mitigate a hazard or adverse consequences for human health and safety, quality of life, property or the environmentNOTE 1 This includes nuclear and radiological emergencies, and conv
24、entional emergencies such as fires, release of hazardous chemicals, storms or earthquakes. It includes situations for which prompt action is warranted to mitigate the consequences of a perceived hazard.NOTE 2 A criticality emergency is considered to be both a nuclear and a radiological emergency. It
25、 is an emergency in which there is, or is perceived to be, a hazard due to the following: the energy resulting from a nuclear chain reaction or from the decay of the products of a chain reaction; ISO 2011 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 11320:2011 radiation exposure.NOTE 3 Adapted from the IAEA Safety G
26、lossary, 2007 Edition.3.3emergency coordinatorperson authorized to direct the overall emergency response3.4emergency plandescription of the objectives, policy and concept of operations for the response to an emergency, and of the structure, authorities and responsibilities for a systematic, coordina
27、ted and effective responseNOTE 1 The emergency plan serves as the basis for development of other plans, procedures and checklists.NOTE 2 Adapted from the IAEA Safety Glossary, 2007 Edition.3.5emergency preparednesscapability to take actions that will effectively mitigate the consequences of an emerg
28、ency for human health and safety, quality of life, property and the environmentNOTE Adapted from the IAEA Safety Glossary, 2007 Edition.3.6emergency responseperformance of actions to mitigate the consequences of an emergency for human health and safety, quality of life, property and the environmentN
29、OTE 1 It can also provide a basis for the resumption of normal social and economic activity.NOTE 2 Criticality emergency response consists of actions taken from the time of identification of a suspected, imminent or actual criticality accident to permanent shutdown of the event.NOTE 3 Adapted from t
30、he IAEA Safety Glossary, 2007 Edition.3.7exerciseactivity that tests one or more portions of the integrated capability of emergency response plans, equipment and organizations3.8facilitydefined area within a defined site where fissile material can be located3.9immediate evacuation zonearea surroundi
31、ng a potential criticality accident location that must be evacuated without hesitation if a criticality accident alarm signal is activated3.10riskproduct of probability and consequences for an undesired event or action3.11sitedefined area containing one or more facilities under a single managementIS
32、O 11320:2011(E)2 ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 11320:20113.12technical staffpersonnel with specific skills and experience who can assist in the implementation of the requirements defined in this International StandardNOTE Such personnel can include, but are not limited to, criticality safety, h
33、ealth and safety, and facility process support personnel.3.13individualperson involved in developing, or who can be affected by, the emergency plan4 Emergency preparedness4.1 Responsibilities4.1.1 Management responsibilitiesManagement shall ensure the following:a) staff with relevant expertise are p
34、rovided;b) an emergency response plan is established, exercised and maintained;c) immediate evacuation zones and evacuation routes are established;d) evacuation routes are clearly identified for evacuees and are unambiguous;e) a personnel assembly station (or stations) is designated;f) a method is p
35、rovided for timely accounting of all individuals who were within the immediate evacuation zone at the time of the evacuation;g) instrumentation and equipment needed to respond to a criticality accident is provided;h) the level of readiness (including training) needed for response to a criticality ac
36、cident is adequate;i) the capability to perform radiological dose assessments for response to criticality accidents is provided;j) a communication system for central coordination of criticality site emergency activities is provided;k) a nuclear criticality accident dosimetry system is provided;l) eq
37、uipment (e.g. a criticality accident alarm system complying with ISO 7753) and procedures are in place to instigate the emergency response when needed.4.1.2 Technical staff responsibilitiesThe technical staff, as formally instructed by management, shall do the following:a) identify credible critical
38、ity accident locations;b) evaluate and characterize credible criticality accidents, including radiological dose prediction;c) determine the instrumentation and equipment requirements for emergency response activities;d) define the immediate evacuation zone around the potential criticality accident l
39、ocations;e) participate in the planning, conduct, and evaluation of exercises and drills.ISO 11320:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 11320:20114.1.3 Responsibilities of individualsIndividuals such as managers, technical staff, other employees, temporary staff, visitors and regulators may
40、have emergency preparedness responsibilities. Before entering the site and a facility, each individual shall understand and agree to their responsibilities that are specific to the site and facility, respectively.4.2 EvaluationCredible criticality accident locations and predicted accident characteri
41、stics shall be evaluated and documented in sufficient detail to assist emergency planning. Criticality safety evaluations for the area or process considered, which shall be prepared in accordance with ISO 1709, will be a key resource in determining the accident locations.This evaluation should be ba
42、sed on professional judgment or, if practical, a more detailed analysis, as specified in ISO 27467.The description shall include the estimated number of fissions for each postulated accident and for the entire duration of each accident.The possibility of recurrence of criticality should be considere
43、d.4.3 Location and design of operationsEmergency preparedness shall be a factor in the selection of the location and design of an operation that may involve fissile material.Before any planned change to an operation and/or facility leading to a modification of the safety evaluation, the potential im
44、pacts on arrangements for emergency preparedness shall be considered.4.4 Immediate evacuation zoneAn immediate evacuation zone shall be established, with the priority of protecting those individuals in a location where they are most likely to be threatened by serious harm.Shielding should be conside
45、red in establishing the immediate evacuation zone.The localized effects of a criticality accident, and the fact that rapid evacuation is not without risk, may result in an immediate evacuation zone that is significantly smaller than an entire site.Sufficient exits from the immediate evacuation zone
46、shall be provided to enable rapid and unobstructed evacuation of individuals. An activated evacuation zone should be made visually or audibly obvious from the outside, to warn individuals against entering the zone.Assembly stations shall be clearly identified or posted.Accountability of individuals
47、at the site or at a specific facility should be supported by unambiguous registration of entry and exit.Evacuation routes should be planned to minimize the total risk considering all potential hazards, e.g. chemical, industrial and radiation. Where practical, criticality evacuation routes should be
48、common with other evacuation routes in order to minimize potential confusion.Consideration should be given to minimizing the spread of radioactive contamination.4.5 Emergency response planAn emergency response plan, consistent with the documented accident evaluation required in 4.2 shall be establis
49、hed and maintained. The emergency response plan may form an integral part of, or be separate from, other plans (e.g. fire, radiological release).The emergency response plan should consider all relevant risks, including the risks of abandoned processes and facilities. The plan should consider overall risk reduction. A balance of the benefits and harms of potential actions ISO 11320:2011(E)4 ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 11320:2011and countermeasures should be taken into account when formulating the plan. This may comprise removal of
