1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 11596:2008Jewellery Sampling ofprecious metal alloys for andin jewellery and associatedproductsBS ISO 11596:2008 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is
2、the UK implementation of ISO 11596:2008.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee STI/53, Specifications and test methods for jewellery andhorology.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does
3、 not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 57231 9ICS 39.060Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theS
4、tandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2010.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 11596:2008INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO11596First edition2008-08-15Reference numberISO 11596:2008(E) ISO 2008Jewellery Sampling of precious metal alloys for and in jewellery and associa
5、ted productsJoaillerie, bijouterie chantillonnage des alliages de mtaux prcieux pour la joaillerie, bijouterie et produits associsBS ISO 11596:2008ISO 11596:2008(E)ii ISO 2008 All rights reservedPDF disclaimerThis PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, t
6、his file may be printed or viewed but shallnot be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. Indownloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secreta
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8、at the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In theunlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2008All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be
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10、2 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 11596:2008ISO 11596:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iiiContents Page1 Scope 12 Terms and definitions 13 Tools 34 Sample selection . 45 Surface preparation before sampling 46 Sampling methods . 4
11、7 Retention of samples 5Annex A (informative) Guidelines for third-party testing for the usual technique of sample selection 7Bibliography . 9BS ISO 11596:2008ISO 11596:2008(E)iv ISO 2008 All rights reservedForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
12、 national standards bodies(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISOtechnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has beenestablished has the right to be represented on that committee. Intern
13、ational organizations, governmental andnon-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rul
14、es given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standardsadopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as anInternational Standard requires approval by at lea
15、st 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patentrights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 11596 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 174, J
16、ewellery.BS ISO 11596:2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11596:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1Jewellery Sampling of precious metal alloys for and in jewellery and associated products1ScopeThis International Standard specifies a method of sampling precious metal jewellery alloys for the determinat
17、ionof the precious metal content. It is applicable to raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products ofthe jewellery alloys of precious metals. The purpose of this International Standard is to define all the operationsneeded to obtain samples intended for the determination of the precio
18、us metal content of a particular jewelleryalloy. It is intended to be applied when sampling alloys are claimed to be homogeneous.This International Standard does not cover alloys of precious metals used in industrial products, coins qualifiedas legal tender, dentistry or decorative coatings on other
19、 material. It is not intended to apply to proceduresemployed for the purposes of production control or for the provision of samples other than for the determinationof the precious metal content.2 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.2.1 ca
20、stingprocess in which a molten alloy is allowed to solidify in a mouldNOTE The product obtained by such a process is also referred to as a casting.2.2 casting grainmaterial in discrete droplet or granular form, only suitable for re-melting2.3 component partsfindingsproducts in a form that constitute
21、s components of a finished article2.4 electroformarticle produced by an electrolytic process using a metallic or non-metallic substrate, in which the preciousmetal coating is sufficiently thick for the article to be used once the substrate is removedNOTE Electroforms from alloys are often not homoge
22、neous.2.5 hollow tube methodmethod by which a tube of precious metal alloy is manufactured using mechanical means on a non-preciousmetal support that is removed at the end of the manufacturing process2.6 ingotcast unwrought product suitable for further manufactureBS ISO 11596:2008ISO 11596:2008(E)2
23、ISO 2008 All rights reserved2.7 jewelleryproducts made of precious metal or precious metal alloysNOTE These products are generally intended for ornamentation.2.8 lotbatchproduct, or collection of units of product, from which a sample (or samples) is (are) to be drawnNOTE Each lot or batch consists o
24、f units of product of a single type, grade, class, size and composition, manufacturedunder essentially the same conditions and visibly presenting the same characteristics.2.9 lot sizebatch sizeweight of products, or number of units of product, in a lot or batch2.10 mixed precious metal jewelleryarti
25、cles made from two or more separate precious metals, or precious metal alloys2.11 precious metalgold, platinum, palladium or silver2.12 precious metal alloymaterial used to form a product with an intended combination of one or more precious metals, usually with oneor more other materials, in a homog
26、eneous form2.13 rodsolid wrought product of uniform cross-section along its own length, supplied in straight form in defined lengths2.14 samplequantity of representative material taken from a product, or part of a product2.15 samplingdefined procedure whereby a part of a substance, material or produ
27、ct is taken to provide a representativesample, or samples, of the whole for analysis2.16 semi-finished productproduct that can be easily used to produce a finished item and/or a component part2.17 sheetstripflat wrought product of exact length and of rectangular cross-section and uniform thicknessNO
28、TE The term “foil” is also sometimes applied to thin sheet.2.18 solderalloy used to join metal partsBS ISO 11596:2008ISO 11596:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 32.19 test portionpart of the sample used for the determination of the precious metal content2.20 tubehollow wrought or cast product of
29、uniform cross-section, with only one enclosed void along its whole length andwith uniform wall thickness supplied in straight lengths or in coiled form2.21 wiresolid wrought product of uniform cross-section along its own length, supplied in coil form, on spools or reels, oras individual lengths2.22
30、wrought productproduct obtained by hot and/or cold plastic deformation processes, such as extruding, forging, hot rolling, coldrolling or drawing, either exclusively or in combination3 Tools3.1 GeneralThe following list of tools shall be used, which satisfy the criterion of not contaminating the sam
31、ple:a) power drill mounted in a drilling stand and capable of operating in the range to ; thestand shall have facilities for holding the material being sampled;b) high speed twist drill bits, one for each type of alloy;c) small bench cutter;d) anvil with hard polished face;e) anvil hammer with a con
32、vex face and a suitable mass;f) fine-grained grinding paper for cleaning the anvil and hammer after each use;g) assay shears;h) sample splitters in polished stainless steel;i) fine ( to ) bore quartz or graphite tube with appropriate suction device to extract molten alloy;j) quartz, graphite or carb
33、on-coated stainless steel ladle with a dip capacity of to ;NOTE Carbon coating can be achieved using a carbon-rich flame.k) shallow open mould in material suitable for rapid cooling without contamination;l) polished laboratory rolling mill;m) saw;n) file;o) scraper consisting of a triangular steel o
34、r ceramic rod set in a handle.The above list of tools shall not be considered exclusive: other tools that satisfy this criterion may also be used.3.2 Use of toolsThe relative softness of many of these alloys makes it easy for impurities to become embedded in the sample.Therefore, if sampling involve
35、s cutting, the tool used shall be sharp and care shall be taken to ensure thatsamples contain representative proportions of the material being sampled.800 r/min 1 200 r/min3mm 5mm5ml 10 mlBS ISO 11596:2008ISO 11596:2008(E)4 ISO 2008 All rights reservedAll tools, machinery and containers used to prov
36、ide, store, or transport the samples shall be cleaned before useto prevent any contamination of the sample for analysis.4 Sample selectionThe samples shall be selected in accordance with applicable technical standards or recommendations.5 Surface preparation before samplingDust, oil, grease, etc. sh
37、all be removed by a cleaning agent that leaves no residue on drying. Excess cleaningagent shall be removed before sampling.Chlorinated hydrocarbons or other harmful substances shall not be used.Any kind of coating shall be removed by an appropriate method (e.g. chemical, mechanical) and anycontamina
38、tion of the precious metal alloy shall be avoided.6 Sampling methods6.1 GeneralThe sampling operation shall be carried out in such a way as to produce material capable of acceptablesubdivision into equivalent portions.NOTE 1 Annex A provides guidelines for certain products.Where products contain mor
39、e than one alloy composition of a precious metal, cross-contamination shall beavoided. For products that have been assembled by soldering, the solder line shall be avoided.NOTE 2 Inclusion of solder in the sample is subject to individual national legislation.6.2 Dip sampling of molten alloy6.2.1 Sam
40、ples shall be taken from well-stirred melts using either of the methods described below.When the melt is protected by a non-metallic layer, this should be excluded from the melt sample, or physicallyseparated from the solidified alloy before selecting the test portions.6.2.2 Method 1 A to diameter q
41、uartz or graphite tube shall be used to extract a longcylinder of molten metal. After removal of all the quartz, the cylinder of metal shall be flattened to provide a thinstrip of alloy from which duplicate test portions shall be cut after discarding the first of the two endsections. The required th
42、ickness of the strip shall be determined by the rate of attack by acid in the dissolutionprocess.6.2.3 Method 2 A ladle made of graphite or carbon-coated steel (for gold and silver) or of quartz (forplatinum and palladium), capable of holding about , shall be dipped. The liquid sample shall be coole
43、drapidly either bya) pouring into water, orb) casting in a flat mould.This mould shall not be made of a graphite product when casting platinum or palladium. The granules obtainedby quenching in water shall be flattened and heated at to until dry, and then subdivided bystandard techniques (see Clause
44、 A.2) to provide the test sample.3mm 5mm 7cm2mm5ml150C 200CBS ISO 11596:2008ISO 11596:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 56.2.4 The potential for segregation on cooling and for losses before and during solidification should beassessed before accepting such samples as representatives of the solid f
45、orm.NOTE When sampling by this technique, precautions are needed to prevent the uptake of oxygen.6.3 DrillingA to twist drill bit shall be operated at about without lubricants, and at least half thethickness of the product shall be drilled. Drillings shall be broken, if necessary, and the broken spi
46、ral drillingscombined with other material from the same hole before selecting the test portions for 6 (or 4 or 2) assays.Material from different holes shall not be combined unless it has a mass of less than of the specified massfor the standard methods of analysis.The drills used for this process sh
47、all be thoroughly cleaned before use with separate drills for each fineness ofalloy. Drill bits shall be replaced as necessary.6.4 ScrapingIf a scraper is used, it shall be maintained sharp and used by experienced hands, so that it is possible to takesamples that are sufficiently uniform and represe
48、ntative without damaging the product.This method shall not be used for electroforms, for any product having a precious metal coating of the substrateor for products obtained using the hollow tube method.6.5 CuttingWhen sampling by cutting, a complete cross-section shall be taken.6.6 Sawing or filing
49、A representative area of the cross-section shall be sectioned to produce representative samples. Cleaned sawsand files shall be used, and the resultant sawings or filings shall be checked for contamination. Contaminationfrom previous use of the saw or file shall be eliminated by discarding the sawings or filings from the initialstrokes.When finely divided samples are produced by these processes for analysis by cupellation, spurious results mayarise due to spattering.7 Retention of samples7.1 GeneralIf there is a requirement for retent
