1、Copper, lead, zinc and nickel concentrates Sampling of slurriesBS ISO 11794:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06 ISO 2017Copper, lead, zinc and nickel concentrates Sampling of slurriesConcentrs de cuivre, de plomb, de zinc et de nickel chantillonnage
2、des schlammsINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO11794Second edition2017-06Reference numberISO 11794:2017(E)National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 11794:2017. It supersedes BS ISO 11794:2010 , which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical C
3、ommittee NFE/36, Copper lead and zinc ores and concentrates.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Th
4、e British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 94158 0ICS 73.060.99Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 3
5、0 June 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 11794:2017 ISO 2017Copper, lead, zinc and nickel concentrates Sampling of slurriesConcentrs de cuivre, de plomb, de zinc et de nickel chantillonnage des schlammsINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO11794Second edi
6、tion2017-06Reference numberISO 11794:2017(E)BS ISO 11794:2017ISO 11794:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
7、 or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet
8、8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 11794:2017ISO 11794:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of
9、this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in
10、 the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgISO 11794:2017(E)Foreword v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 24 Principles of sampling slurri
11、es . 24.1 General . 24.2 Sampling errors 34.2.1 General 34.2.2 Preparation error, PE . 44.2.3 Delimitation and extraction errors, DE and EE . 44.2.4 Weighting error, WE 64.2.5 Periodic quality-fluctuation error, QE364.3 Sampling and total variance 64.3.1 Sampling variance. 64.3.2 Total variance . 64
12、.3.3 Sampling-stage method of estimating sampling and total variance . 84.3.4 Simplified method of estimating sampling and total variance 94.3.5 Interleaved sample method of measuring total variance 105 Establishing a sampling scheme .116 Minimization of bias and unbiased increment mass .166.1 Minim
13、ization of bias 166.2 Volume of increment for falling-stream samplers to avoid bias177 Number of increments .177.1 General 177.2 Simplified method . 188 Minimum mass of solids contained in lot and sub-lot samples 188.1 Minimum mass of solids in lot samples 188.2 Minimum mass of solids in sub-lot sam
14、ples . 188.3 Minimum mass of solids in lot and sub-lot samples after size reduction .189 Time-basis sampling .199.1 General 199.2 Sampling interval . 199.3 Cutters . 199.4 Taking of increments 199.5 Constitution of lot or sub-lot samples . 199.6 Division of increments and sub-lot samples 209.7 Divis
15、ion of lot samples 209.8 Number of cuts for division 2010 Stratified random sampling within fixed time intervals2011 Mechanical sampling from moving streams .2111.1 General 2111.2 Design of the sampling system . 2111.2.1 Safety of operators 2111.2.2 Location of sample cutters . 2111.2.3 Provision fo
16、r duplicate sampling 2111.2.4 System for checking the precision and bias.2111.2.5 Avoiding bias 2111.3 Slurry sample cutters . 2211.3.1 General. 2211.3.2 Falling-stream cutters 22 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 11794:2017ISO 11794:2017(E)11.3.3 Cutter velocities .2311.4 Mass of
17、solids in increments 2311.5 Number of primary increments 2311.6 Routine checking 2312 Manual sampling from moving streams 2312.1 General 2312.2 Choosing the sampling location 2412.3 Sampling implements 2412.4 Mass of solids in increments 2512.5 Number of primary increments 2512.6 Sampling procedures
18、 2513 Sampling of stationary slurries 2514 Sample preparation 2514.1 General 2514.2 Sample division 2514.3 Sample grinding 2614.4 Chemical analysis samples . 2614.5 Physical test samples 2615 Packing and marking of samples 26Annex A (normative) Sampling-stage method for estimating sampling and total
19、 variance .27Annex B (informative) Examples of correct slurry sampling devices .34Annex C (informative) Examples of incorrect slurry sampling devices 37Annex D (normative) Manual sampling implements .41Bibliography .42iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 11794:2017ISO 11794:2017(E)11.3.3 Cutter vel
20、ocities .2311.4 Mass of solids in increments 2311.5 Number of primary increments 2311.6 Routine checking 2312 Manual sampling from moving streams 2312.1 General 2312.2 Choosing the sampling location 2412.3 Sampling implements 2412.4 Mass of solids in increments 2512.5 Number of primary increments 25
21、12.6 Sampling procedures 2513 Sampling of stationary slurries 2514 Sample preparation 2514.1 General 2514.2 Sample division 2514.3 Sample grinding 2614.4 Chemical analysis samples . 2614.5 Physical test samples 2615 Packing and marking of samples 26Annex A (normative) Sampling-stage method for estim
22、ating sampling and total variance .27Annex B (informative) Examples of correct slurry sampling devices .34Annex C (informative) Examples of incorrect slurry sampling devices 37Annex D (normative) Manual sampling implements .41Bibliography .42iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 11794:2017(E)ForewordI
23、SO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical c
24、ommittee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electr
25、otechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was dra
26、fted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
27、 rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
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29、 see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 183, Copper, lead, zinc and nickel ores and concentrates.This second edition cancels and replaces the 2010 edition (ISO 11794:2010), of which it constitutes a minor revision. The main
30、changes are the deletion of reference ISO 20212, which has not yet been published, and the replacement of “should” with “shall” where the criteria and/or requirements are mandatory. ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS ISO 11794:2017BS ISO 11794:2017Copper, lead, zinc and nickel concentrates Sampling of
31、 slurriesWARNING This document may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate health and safety practices and determine the applicability of any other limitations prior to use.1 ScopeThis document sets out the
32、 basic methods for sampling particulate material that is mixed with a liquid, usually water, to form a slurry. In industry and in the mining and mineral processing literature, slurry is also referred to as pulp, but this term is not used in this document. At very high ratios of fine particulate soli
33、ds to liquids where material assumes a soft plastic form, the mixture is correctly termed as a paste. Sampling of pastes is not covered in this document.The procedures described in this document apply to sampling of particulate materials that are transported in moving streams as slurries, but not pr
34、essurized slurries. These streams may fall freely or be confined in pipes, launders, flumes, sluices, spirals or similar channels. Sampling of slurries in stationary situations, such as a settled or even a well-stirred slurry in a holding vessel or dam, is not recommended and is not covered in this
35、document.This document describes procedures that are designed to provide samples representative of the slurry solids and particle-size distribution of the slurry under examination. After draining the slurry sample of fluid and measuring the fluid volume, damp samples of the contained particulate mat
36、erial in the slurry are available for drying (if required) and measurement of one or more characteristics in an unbiased manner and with a known degree of precision. The characteristics are measured by chemical analysis, physical testing or both.The sampling methods described are applicable to slurr
37、ies that require inspection to verify compliance with product specifications, determination of the value of a characteristic as a basis for settlement between trading partners or estimation of a set of average characteristics and variances that describes a system or procedure.Provided that flow rate
38、s are not too high, the reference method against which other sampling procedures are compared is one where the entire stream is diverted into a vessel for a specified time or volume interval. This method corresponds to the stopped-belt method described in ISO 12743.2 Normative referencesThe followin
39、g documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 12743,
40、 Copper, lead, zinc and nickel concentrates Sampling procedures for determination of metal and moisture contentISO 12744, Copper, lead, zinc and nickel concentrates Experimental methods for checking the precision of samplingISO 13292, Copper, lead, zinc and nickel concentrates Experimental methods f
41、or checking the bias of samplingINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11794:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 11794:2017ISO 11794:2017(E)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12743, ISO 12744 and ISO 13292 apply. ISO and IEC maintain termino
42、logical databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp4 Principles of sampling slurries4.1 GeneralIn this document, a slurry is defined as “any
43、 fluid mixture of a solid of nominal top size 1 mm that is mixed with water, which is frequently used as a convenient form to handle solids in bulk”. Slurry flows are found in many mineral processing plants, with the water and entrained solids mixture being transported through the plant circuits by
44、means of pumps and pipelines and under gravity in sluices, flumes and launders. In a number of operations, ore is transported to the mill in slurry form, and in others concentrates are transported long distances in slurry pipelines. Tailings from wet plants are also discharged as slurries through pi
45、pelines to the tailings dam. In many of these operations, collection of increments at selected sample points is required for evaluation of the particulate material in the slurry.A lot sample is constituted from a set of unbiased primary increments from a lot. The sample container is weighed immediat
46、ely after collection and combination of increments to avoid water loss by evaporation or spillage. Weighing is necessary to determine the percentage of solids by mass in the slurry sample. The sample may then be filtered, dried and weighed. Alternatively, the sample may be sealed in plastic bags aft
47、er filtering for transport and drying at a later stage. The liquid removed during filtration should be retained if it needs to be analysed.Test samples are prepared from samples after filtering and drying. Test portions may then be taken from the test sample and analysed using an appropriate and pro
48、perly calibrated analytical method or test procedure under prescribed conditions.The objective of the measurement chain is to determine the characteristic of interest in an unbiased manner with an acceptable and affordable degree of precision. The general sampling theory, which is based on the addit
49、ive property of variances, can be used to determine how the variances of sampling, sample preparation and chemical analysis or physical testing propagate and hence determine the total variance for the measurement chain. This sampling theory can also be used to optimize manual sampling methods and mechanical sampling systems.If a sampling scheme is to provide representative samples, all parts of the slurry in the lot must have an equal opportunity of being selected and appearing in the sample for testing. Hence, slurries are
