1、Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Resistance to ozone crackingPart 3: Reference and alternative methods for determining the ozone concentration in laboratory test chambersBS ISO 14313:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06 ISO 2017Rubber, vulcanized o
2、r thermoplastic Resistance to ozone cracking Part 3: Reference and alternative methods for determining the ozone concentration in laboratory test chambersCaoutchouc vulcanis ou thermoplastique Rsistance au craquelage par lozone Partie 3: Mthode de rfrence et autres mthodes pour la dtermination de la
3、 concentration dozone dans les enceintes dessai de laboratoireINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO1431-3Second edition2017-06Reference numberISO 1431-3:2017(E)National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 14313:2017. It supersedes BS ISO 14313:2000, which is withdrawn.The UK participat
4、ion in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/22, Testing and analysis of rubber.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are resp
5、onsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 92548 1ICS 83.060Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards
6、 Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 14313:2017 ISO 2017Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Resistance to ozone cracking Part 3: Reference and alternative methods for determining the ozone concentration
7、in laboratory test chambersCaoutchouc vulcanis ou thermoplastique Rsistance au craquelage par lozone Partie 3: Mthode de rfrence et autres mthodes pour la dtermination de la concentration dozone dans les enceintes dessai de laboratoireINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO1431-3Second edition2017-06Reference num
8、berISO 1431-3:2017(E)BS ISO 14313:2017ISO 1431-3:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, elec
9、tronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernie
10、r, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 14313:2017ISO 1431-3:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may
11、be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the r
12、equester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgISO 1431-3:2017(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 25 Apparatus . 26 Calibr
13、ation 27 Procedure. 28 Expression of results 29 Test report . 3Annex A (informative) Effect of ambient atmospheric pressure on ozone cracking of rubber . 4Annex B (normative) Alternative instrumental methods . 5Annex C (normative) Wet-chemical methods 9Bibliography .22 ISO 2017 All rights reserved i
14、iiContents PageBS ISO 14313:2017ISO 1431-3:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each
15、member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
16、 Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different ty
17、pes of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not
18、 be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is i
19、nformation given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organizatio
20、n (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .htmlThis document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee SC 2, Testing and analysis.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edi
21、tion (ISO 1431-3:2000), which has been technically revised.The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows: a calculation error has been corrected in the formula in B.1.4; the value of gas constant has been corrected in the formulae in C.2.4 and C.3.4. Annex A has been changed from
22、normative to informative, and a citation has been added to Clause 8.A list of all parts in the ISO 1431 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 14313:2017ISO 1431-3:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation
23、of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. I
24、nternational organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those
25、intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see
26、 www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the doc
27、ument will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards,
28、 the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .htmlThis document was prepar
29、ed by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee SC 2, Testing and analysis.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 1431-3:2000), which has been technically revised.The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows: a calculation er
30、ror has been corrected in the formula in B.1.4; the value of gas constant has been corrected in the formulae in C.2.4 and C.3.4. Annex A has been changed from normative to informative, and a citation has been added to Clause 8.A list of all parts in the ISO 1431 series can be found on the ISO websit
31、e.iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 1431-3:2017(E)IntroductionA number of techniques exist for the analysis of gaseous ozone/air mixtures used for ozone crack testing of rubbers. These include wet-chemical procedures, electrochemical cells, UV absorption and chemiluminescence with ethylene.In prin
32、ciple, the wet-chemical, electrochemical and UV absorption methods are all absolute, but in practice they do not in general yield the same results.Wet-chemical methods, which usually consist of the absorption of ozone in a potassium iodide solution and titration of the iodine released with sodium th
33、iosulfate, were traditionally used in the rubber industry and were specified in national standards. They are not suitable for continuous operation or control and hence are less desirable in practice than instrumental methods. The results obtained have been shown to be sensitive to small variations i
34、n test procedures and the concentration and purity of reagents, and there has been much controversy over the stoichiometry of the reaction.Electrochemical methods are widely used in the rubber industry and found to be convenient in continuously monitoring and controlling ozone. Chemiluminescence met
35、hods have also been used.More recently, UV absorption analysers, which have the same monitoring and controlling ability, have been increasingly used. Most important, this technique has been adopted by all major environmental agencies as the standard and is regarded by them to be absolute.Consequentl
36、y, this standard UV absorption method is adopted as the reference technique against which all others are intended to be calibrated. Like any measurement instrument, the accuracy of any particular UV instrument is dependent on the calibration and maintenance of its components, and hence even UV analy
37、sers should be checked against acknowledged standard instruments. Studies are being undertaken in several countries to propose a primary-standard apparatus.Although this document is concerned with ozone analysis, it also draws attention to the influence of atmospheric pressure on the rate of crackin
38、g of rubber at constant ozone concentrations as normally expressed in terms of parts by volume. As established by interlaboratory tests conducted in North America3, the variation in ozone resistance that can result between laboratories operating at significantly different atmospheric pressures can b
39、e corrected by specifying ozone concentration in terms of the partial pressure of ozone (see Annex C).Attention is drawn to the highly toxic nature of ozone. Efforts should be made to minimize the exposure of workers at all times. In the absence of more stringent or contrary national safety regulati
40、ons, it is recommended that 10 parts of ozone per hundred million parts of air of the surrounding atmosphere by volume be regarded as an absolute maximum concentration, while the maximum average concentration should be appreciably lower.Unless a totally enclosed system is being used, an exhaust vent
41、 to remove ozone-laden air is recommended. ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS ISO 14313:2017BS ISO 14313:2017Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Resistance to ozone cracking Part 3: Reference and alternative methods for determining the ozone concentration in laboratory test chambers1 ScopeThis documen
42、t describes three types of method for the determination of ozone concentration in laboratory test chambers.Method A UV absorption: this is the reference method, and is used as the means of calibration for the alternative methods B and C.Method B Instrumental techniques:B1: electrochemicalB2: chemilu
43、minescenceMethod C Wet-chemical techniques:Procedure IProcedure IIProcedure III2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. Fo
44、r undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 1431-1, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Resistance to ozone cracking Part 1: Static and dynamic strain testingISO 13964, Air quality Determination of ozone in ambient air Ultraviolet photom
45、etric method3 Terms and definitionsNo terms and definitions are listed in this document. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h
46、 t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obpINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1431-3:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 14313:2017ISO 1431-3:2017(E)4 PrincipleAn ozone/air mixture is sampled from an ozone exposure chamber and the ozone concentration is determined by the UV absorption reference method or by alter
47、native instrumental or chemical-analysis methods calibrated against the UV absorption method.5 ApparatusApparatus used for the determination of the ozone concentration shall be one of the following types:UV absorptionElectrochemicalChemiluminescenceWet-chemicalThe reference method is UV absorption,
48、and all equipment shall be calibrated against the UV absorption method as specified in Clause 6.The apparatus used for the UV absorption method shall be in accordance with ISO 13964, except that it shall be capable of measuring ozone concentrations specified in ISO 1431-1.Descriptions of alternative
49、 methods are given in Annex B (instrumental methods) and Annex C (wet-chemical methods).6 CalibrationCalibration of the apparatus for determining the ozone concentration shall be in accordance with the procedures given in ISO 13964.7 ProcedureThe UV method shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 13964.Other instrumental methods shall be used in accordance with the manufacturers instructions, attention being paid in particular to initial setting up, zero adjustment and maint
