1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 14409:2011Ships and marine technology Ship launching air bagsBS ISO 14409:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 14409
2、:2011.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee SME/32/-/8, Ships D is the original diameter of the air bag (m); H is the height of the compressed air bag (m). BS ISO 14409:2011ISO 14409:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 3Figure 1 An air bag being compressed 3.10
3、 rated working pressure maximum allowable internal pressure of the air bag while supporting a weight or load equal to the rated bearing capacity of the air bag 3.11 synthetic-tyre-cord layer reinforcement layer of the air bag which is made of rubber coated synthetic-tyre-cord fabrics 3.12 total leng
4、th of air bag overall length of the air bag NOTE Shown as LOAin Figure 2. 4 Classification 4.1 Type and model 4.1.1 Air bags are categorized by the following two types according to the bearing capacity, per metre in length: a) QP ordinary air bag; b) QG high-bearing capacity air bag. 4.1.2 The types
5、 and models of air bags are specified in Table 1. Table 1 Type and model of air bags Type Type No. Model QP QP3 ordinary air bag with 3 layers of cord fabric QP4 ordinary air bag with 4 layers of cord fabric QP5 ordinary air bag with 5 layers of cord fabric QG QG6 high-bearing capacity air bag with
6、6 layers of cord fabric BS ISO 14409:2011ISO 14409:2011(E) 4 ISO 2011 All rights reserved4.2 Structure As shown in Figure 2, an air bag has a cylindrical body and two conical heads, one at each end. Key 1 mouth 2 head 3 body Figure 2 Structure of a typical air bag 4.3 Size 4.3.1 Diameter of air bag
7、(D) varies such as 0,8 m, 1,0 m, 1,2 m, 1,5 m, 1,8 m, etc. 4.3.2 Length of air bag (L) is to be specified by the user. 5 Materials and dimensions 5.1 Materials 5.1.1 An air bag is to be constructed of an outer rubber layer, one or more synthetic-tyre-cord layers, and an inner rubber layer. The arran
8、gement of synthetic-tyre-cord reinforcement layers is shown in Figure 3. All materials shall be vulcanized firmly. Key 1 warp 2 weft Figure 3 Tyre cord BS ISO 14409:2011ISO 14409:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 55.1.2 Prior to the air bag production, the outer and inner rubber layers shall be t
9、ested to meet the criteria in Table 2 in accordance with the test methods given in the International Standards listed in Table 2. While only one satisfactory sample per batch is required for test numbers 1 through 3, all others must be tested for test numbers 4 through 9 annually. If the first sampl
10、e fails, two additional samples shall be tested. If the additional samples pass the test requirements, the materials will be deemed to have passed the test. Otherwise, the materials will be deemed to have failed the test and another batch of materials shall be selected. Table 2 Rubber material requi
11、rements No. Test item Required value Test method 1 Tensile strength, MPa 18 ISO 37 2 Elongation at break, % 400 ISO 37 3 Hardness, (Shore A) 60 10 ISO 7619-1 4 Tear strength, N/cm 400 ISO 34-1 5 Compression set, % (70 C 1 C, 22 h) 30 ISO 815-1 6 After thermal ageing at 70 C 1 C, 96 h Holding of pull
12、 lengthening, % 80 ISO 188 7 Holding of elongation at break, % 80 ISO 188 8 Change of hardness, (Shore A) 8 ISO 7619-1 9 Static ozone ageing at 40 C 96 h ozone concentration (50 5) 108, extension 20 % No crack ISO 1431-1 5.1.3 As a reinforcing material, the warp should be (90 5) cords per 100 mm in
13、width, and the breaking strength shall be more than 205 N per cord. 5.2 Appearance The appearance of an air bag shall be smooth, glossy and without blemish such as crack, blister, delamination, pits or impurities. 5.3 Dimensional tolerances The length and diameter of an air bag shall be measured wit
14、h the rated working pressure and be within 3 %. 6 Test 6.1 General All products must meet the following test criteria. 6.2 Test condition 6.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, tests shall be performed under the following conditions: a) ambient temperature: 10 C 35 C; b) media: (1) dry clean compressed a
15、ir, and (2) clean fresh water for bursting test. 6.2.2 Testing instruments, including pressure gauges and testing machine, shall be calibrated. BS ISO 14409:2011ISO 14409:2011(E) 6 ISO 2011 All rights reserved6.2.3 The test should be performed using a full-sized air bag. If the air bag is too large
16、to be mounted on the test machine, the test may be performed on a scaled-down air bag. In order to maintain a proper representation of the full-sized sample air bag, the diameter of the scaled-down air bag shall be no less than 1/2 of the full-sized sample air bag diameter, while the length (L) shal
17、l be no less than 3 times the diameter of the scaled-down air bag. 6.3 Gastightness test Without carrying any load, fill the air bag till the internal pressure of the air bag reaches Pein Table 3. The internal pressure should be recorded and compared with Peafter 1 hour. The pressure loss should be
18、less than 5 % of Pe. Table 3 Performance parameters of air bags Type No. Diameter Initial internal pressure for test Rated working pressure, PeBearing capacity per meter in length, Ph(when compress deformation reaches 70 %, and the inner pressure reaches the rated working pressure, Pe) Minimum burst
19、 pressure m kPa kPa kN/m kPa QP3 0,8 25 130 114 390 1,0 18 100 110 300 1,2 15 85 112 260 1,5 13 70 115 210 1,8 11 60 118 180 QP4 0,8 35 170 149 510 1,0 25 130 143 390 1,2 20 110 145 330 1,5 16 90 148 270 1,8 14 80 158 240 QP5 0,8 48 210 184 630 1,0 35 170 186 510 1,2 28 140 185 420 1,5 20 110 181 33
20、0 1,8 16 90 178 270 QG6 0,8 56 245 215 740 1,0 45 200 219 600 1,2 32 165 217 490 1,5 25 130 215 390 1,8 20 110 218 330 Rated working pressure may deviate 5 %. Compress deformation may deviate 2 %. NOTE Initial internal pressure is the reference value. 6.4 Compression test 6.4.1 Compression test unde
21、r the initial internal pressure specified in Table 3 should be carried out after the tests of 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 and 6.3. BS ISO 14409:2011ISO 14409:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 76.4.2 The air bag is to be put on a press with large enough width and length to ensure that all parts of the compresse
22、d air bag are within the press. The test should be conducted as follows: a) fill the air bag to the initial pressure in Table 3, start the test machine and press the air bag perpendicularly till the percentage deformation reaches 70 %. Observe to see if the air bag is functioning properly; b) gradua
23、lly reduce the compressive force on the air bag until the air bag, by its own flexibility, returns to the height of its original state. Record the internal pressure; c) apply a compressive force perpendicularly to the air bag again, till the percentage deformation reaches 70 %. During the course of
24、compressing and releasing, the reaction forces, internal pressures and deformation rate should be recorded at every 10 % deformation interval. 6.4.3 The compression performance curve of a QG6 air bag is shown in Figure A.1. The rated working pressure of the air bag is as specified in Table 3. 6.5 Be
25、aring capacity test 6.5.1 When the internal pressure reaches the rated working pressure, Pe, and the percentage deformation reaches 70 %, the carrying capacity per metre in length of an air bag shall be equal to or greater than the values specified in Table 3. The curve of the bearing capacity per m
26、etre in length of a QG6 air bag is shown in Figure A.2. 6.5.2 In order to carry out the bearing capacity test, mark two parallel lines circumferentially somewhere along the body of the air bag that has been filled to the initial pressure listed in Table 3. The distance between the parallel lines sho
27、uld be 1 000 mm 5 mm. The marking lines should be made far away from the joint lines between heads and body of the air bag. This distance shall be no less than 1/4 of the air bags diameter. The test shall be conducted as follows. a) Fill the air bag to the initial pressure stated in Table 3. Start t
28、he test machine, and compress the air bag perpendicularly until the deformation reaches 70 %. The air bag shall be kept in this compressed state for a minimum of five minutes. After 5 minutes, record the internal pressure, P1, of the air bag. Measure and record the contact area width, W1, between th
29、e air bag and the press table, in a direction perpendicular to the length of the air bag. Take three measurements at three locations within the two parallel lines, and calculate the arithmetic mean value of the width. The bearing capacity per unit length, Ph, shall be calculated in accordance with E
30、quation (2): Ph W1 P1(2) where Phis the bearing capacity per unit length (kN/m); W1is contact width between the body of the air bag, within the 2 parallel lines, and the platform of the test machine shown as W1in Figure 1 (m); P1is the internal pressure of the air bag (kPa). b) Inspect the air bag t
31、o see if it is functioning properly. If it is, continue to increase the pressure until the internal pressure reaches 125 % of the rated working pressure stated in Table 3 and hold it there for five minutes. Again, inspect the air bag for any damage or defect such as cracks. c) Gradually lessen the c
32、ompressive force on the air bag until the force of the test machine returns to zero. The air bag should return to the original height of the free state. Both compressed height and internal pressure of the air bag shall be recorded. W1shall be measured and recorded at every 5 % deformation interval.
33、BS ISO 14409:2011ISO 14409:2011(E) 8 ISO 2011 All rights reserved6.6 Bursting test 6.6.1 Air bags shall be tested to the minimum burst pressures as specified in Table 3. 6.6.2 Fill the air bag with water until the air bag bursts. The water pressure at the time of bursting shall equal or be more than
34、 the value specified in Table 3. 6.7 Compressionrecovery test 6.7.1 To test the recoverability of an air bag, the air bag is to be repeatedly and rapidly compressed and released over a very short period of time. 6.7.2 Fill the air bag with air until reaching the initial pressure stated in Table 3, a
35、nd then compress the air bag perpendicularly till the percentage deformation reaches 75 %. The air bag shall be kept in this compressed state for 1 minute. Afterward, release the air bag and it shall recover more than 97 % of its original diameter within 5 minutes. 7 Type approval test 7.1 General T
36、he type approval test shall be carried out under one of the following situations: a) initial production; b) whenever the elastomer formulation is changed significantly; c) whenever the structure or type of products is changed; d) whenever the manufacturing technique which could affect the functional
37、ity of the air bag or one of its components is changed significantly; e) upon reproduction or re-manufacturing, after having being suspended from production for one year or more; or f) upon authority request. 7.2 Test items The following tests for type approval shall be carried out, in addition to t
38、he items required in 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3: a) gastightness test, see 6.3; b) compression test, see 6.4; c) bearing capacity test, see 6.5; d) bursting test, see 6.6; and e) compressionrecovery test, see 6.7. 7.3 Acceptance criteria Only one sample of each type of air bag is necessary for the type test.
39、If the sample meets all test requirements, the air bag will be deemed to have passed the type test. However, if the sample fails to meet any of the test requirements, two additional samples shall be tested. If the additional samples pass all test requirements, the air bag will be deemed to have pass
40、ed the type test. Otherwise, the air bag will be deemed to have failed the type test. BS ISO 14409:2011ISO 14409:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 98 Acceptance test 8.1 Test items Prior to delivery of the air bags, the manufacturer shall test every air bag for the following items: a) appearance,
41、 see 5.2; b) dimensional tolerances, see 5.3; and c) gastightness, see 6.3. 8.2 Acceptance criteria If the air bag meets the requirements specified in 8.1, the product will be deemed to have passed the acceptance test. However, if the air bag fails to meet any of the test requirements, repair may be
42、 allowed only one time for re-tests. If the repaired air bag passes the test requirements in 8.1, the air bag will be deemed to have passed the acceptance test. Otherwise, the air bag will be deemed to have failed the acceptance test. 9 Marking 9.1 An accepted air bag is to be marked on one of its h
43、eads as follows: For example, an air bag with three layers of cord fabric has a diameter of 1,5 m, and the length of 15 m is to be marked as: Air bag ISO 14409:2011 QP3/1.5 15 9.2 Markings should have the following information: a) product name; b) type; c) size (diameter and length); d) individual s
44、erial number; e) rated working pressure; f) weight; g) full or abbreviated name of the manufacturer; and h) date of manufacture or its abbreviation. BS ISO 14409:2011ISO 14409:2011(E) 10 ISO 2011 All rights reserved10 Documentation, packaging, transport and storage 10.1 Documentation Per batch of th
45、e air bags, the manufacturer should provide the purchaser with a certificate indicating that the air bags have been tested and inspected in accordance with this International Standard and that all the requirements have been met. In addition, the manufacturer must supply the purchaser with a user gui
46、de as well as maintenance manuals. 10.2 Packaging The air bags may be folded and then bundled up. 10.3 Transport For a short distance move, the air bags may be relocated by being (1) lifted vertically from one end with a crane or some other machinery, (2) carried over shoulders, or (3) rolled on the
47、 ground, if the air bags are filled with air. For a long distance move, drain out the air, properly prepare the air bags (see 10.4), and pack them into shipping/storage crates/containers. The sides and bottoms of the containers/crates should be padded to protect and secure the air bags. 10.4 Storage
48、 10.4.1 When the air bags are not to be used for a long period of time, they should be drained, cleaned, dried, filled with talc powder, and the exterior surfaces should be coated with talc powder. The air bags should be maintained in a dry, ventilated room and be protected from light. The air bags
49、should be stored in a relaxed condition free from tension, compression or other deformation. 10.4.2 The air bags should be kept away from any heat source. 10.4.3 The air bags should be protected from acids, alkalis, oils or organic solvents. BS ISO 14409:2011ISO 14409:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 11Annex A (informative) The compression performance curve for a QG6 (1,2 m) air bag A.1 The compression performance curve of a QG6 air bag (1,2 m) is shown in Figure A.1. Key X co
