1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 15388:2012Space systems Contamination and cleanlinesscontrolBS ISO 15388:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 15388:
2、2012.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ACE/68/-/1, Space systems and operations - Design,Engineering and Production.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include
3、all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 72929 4ICS 49.140Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Stan
4、dard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 February 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 15388:2012 ISO 2012Space systems Contamination and cleanliness controlSystmes spatiaux Contrle de la contamination et de la propretINTE
5、RNATIONAL STANDARDISO15388Second edition2012-02-15Reference numberISO 15388:2012(E)BS ISO 15388:2012ISO 15388:2012(E)ii ISO 2012 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any f
6、orm or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
7、E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 15388:2012ISO 15388:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope 12 Normative references . 13 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 13.1 Terms and definitions . 13.2 Abbreviated terms . 7
8、4 Management . 84.1 Organization . 84.2 Cleanliness requirement specification (CRS) 84.3 Contamination and cleanliness control plan (CCCP) 84.4 Interface control document (ICD) 94.5 Project reviews . 95 Design activities 105.1 Identification of sensitive hardware .105.2 Nature of contaminants, their
9、 profile and their effects .105.3 Contamination prediction105.4 Contamination budget105.5 Cleanliness-oriented design . 115.6 Selection of materials and processes . 116 Biocontamination 126.1 General .126.2 Contamination of hardware by microorganisms 126.3 Sterile hardware .126.4 Habitable space sys
10、tems 136.5 Planetary protection .136.6 Sample protection .137 Contamination and cleanliness control for ground operations147.1 Training of personnel .147.2 Cleanroom selection and cleanliness control .147.3 Cleanroom garments 157.4 Ground support equipment (GSE) 157.5 Monitoring cleanliness of fligh
11、t hardware and its near surroundings157.6 Packaging, storage and transport 157.7 Cleaning of flight hardware 16Annex A (informative) Material properties Electronic databases .18Bibliography .19BS ISO 15388:2012ISO 15388:2012(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a wor
12、ldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on
13、 that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted i
14、n accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard
15、requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 15388 was prepared by Techn
16、ical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee SC 14, Space systems and operations.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 15388:2004), which has been technically revised.iv ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 15388:2012ISO 15388:2012(E)IntroductionThis In
17、ternational Standard addresses the preferred programme elements recommended for contamination and cleanliness control of space systems. This International Standard is written in general terms as a baseline for developing and implementing the control programme. It can be cited as a baseline within a
18、statement of work and/or used for assuring proposal precision and contractor performance. The users are responsible for integrating the elements of this document appropriately to their programme needs.The purpose of contamination and cleanliness control is to prevent the degradation of the performan
19、ce of space systems due to particulate and molecular contamination (including biocontamination), and to ensure that the mission objectives are achieved. ISO 2012 All rights reserved vBS ISO 15388:2012BS ISO 15388:2012Space systems Contamination and cleanliness control1 ScopeThis International Standa
20、rd establishes general requirements for contamination and cleanliness control that are applicable, at all tiers of supply, to the development of space systems, including ground processing facilities, ground support equipment, launch vehicles, spacecraft, payloads, and ground processing and on-orbit
21、operations. It also provides guidelines for the establishment of a contamination and cleanliness control programme.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated refere
22、nces, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 14624-3, Space systems Safety and compatibility of materials Part 3: Determination of offgassed products from materials and assembled articlesISO 14644-1, Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments Part
23、 1: Classification of air cleanliness by particle concentrationISO 14698-1, Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments Biocontamination control Part 1: General principles and methodsISO 14698-2, Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments Biocontamination control Part 2: Evaluation and
24、interpretation of biocontamination dataISO 14952 (all parts), Space systems Surface cleanliness of fluid systemsASTM E 595, Standard Test Method for Total Mass Loss and Collected Volatile Condensable Materials from Outgassing in a Vacuum EnvironmentECSS-Q-ST-70-02C, Space product assurance Thermal v
25、acuum outgassing test for the screening of space materialsUnited Nations Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, Article IX, 10 October 19673 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms3.1 Terms an
26、d definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14952-1 and the following apply.3.1.1bakeoutactivity of increasing the temperature of hardware to accelerate its outgassing rates with the intent of reducing the content of molecular contaminants within the hardwa
27、reNOTE Bakeout is usually performed in a vacuum environment but may be done in a controlled atmosphere.3.1.2bioaerosoldispersed biological agents (e.g. viable particles, allergens, toxins or biologically active compounds of microbial origin) in a gaseous environmentINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15388:2
28、012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 15388:2012ISO 15388:2012(E)3.1.3biocontaminationcontamination of materials, devices, individuals, surfaces, liquids, gases or air with viable particles3.1.4classificationairborne particle concentrations level (or process of specifying or determining the le
29、vel) of airborne particulate cleanliness, expressed in terms of an ISO Class N, which represents maximum allowable concentrations for the particle size consideredNOTE 1 Concentrations are measured in particles per cubic metre.NOTE 2 The concentrations are determined as specified in ISO 14644-1.3.1.5
30、clean benchtable or bench-top working surface where a filtered airflow is concentrated across the bench topNOTE These bench tops have an established classification of maximum allowable airborne contaminants.3.1.6clean hoodwork area with a workbench, overhead dust deflector and sideboards, and a self
31、-contained filtering unit for airflow to the work areaNOTE These hoods have an established classification of maximum allowable airborne contaminants.3.1.7cleanliness levelestablished maximum allowable amount of contamination in a given area or volume, or on a componentNOTE The term may also apply to
32、 the predicted or measured extent of contamination.3.1.8cleanliness requirement specificationCRSdocument that defines and identifies the spacecraft items and the environmental areas which are sensitive to contamination, the acceptable contamination levels at beginning and end of life and the applica
33、ble contamination environment3.1.9cleanroomroom in which the concentration of airborne particles is controlled, and which is constructed and used in such a manner as to minimize the introduction, generation and retention of particles inside the room, and in which other relevant parameters such as te
34、mperature, humidity and pressure are controlled as necessary3.1.10cleanroom garmentsclothing designed, manufactured and worn specifically to prevent contamination of hardware by personnel working in the cleanroomNOTE Cleanroom garments include all items worn by personnel, such as coveralls, frocks,
35、gloves, boots, finger cots and beard covers.3.1.11clean zonededicated space in which the concentration of airborne particles is controlled, and which is constructed and used in such a manner as to minimize the introduction, generation, and retention of particles inside the zone and in which other re
36、levant parameters such as temperature, humidity and pressure are controlled as necessaryNOTE The clean zone may be open or enclosed and may or may not be located within a cleanroom.2 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 15388:2012ISO 15388:2012(E)3.1.12collected volatile condensable materialCVCMmass t
37、hat outgasses from a material and subsequently condenses on a collector, expressed as a percentage of the initial specimen mass3.1.13contaminantunwanted molecular or particulate matter that could affect or degrade the relevant performance or lifetime of the hardware to which it is attached3.1.14cont
38、aminateintroduce a contaminant3.1.15contaminationaddition of contaminants to materials, fluids or surfaces3.1.16contamination and cleanliness control programmeorganized effort to establish and achieve acceptable cleanliness and contamination levels during all phases of the space system project3.1.17
39、contamination analysis documentreport of the analyses and results that are used to determine cleanliness requirements and contamination profiles and budgets3.1.18contamination and cleanliness control planCCCPdocument that describes how to implement a contamination and cleanliness control programme,
40、as either an independent document or a part of the consolidated project plan3.1.19contamination budgetallowable levels of contamination of hardware at each phase of ground and flight operations3.1.20contamination profilecontamination-related conditions in each phase of ground and flight operationsNO
41、TE 1 Conditions include airborne particulate cleanliness classes, pressure, humidity, temperature, number of personnel engaged in operations, cleaning activities, outlines of facilities and so on.NOTE 2 The contamination profile is part of the CCCP.3.1.21cross-contaminationtransfer of contaminants f
42、rom one surface or component to anotherNOTE Transfer can occur by migration along a surface, by physical contact, airborne as an aerosol, or as a gas or molecular matter.3.1.22debrissolid objects with their largest dimension greater than approximately 1 mm (1 000 m) in size ISO 2012 All rights reser
43、ved 3BS ISO 15388:2012ISO 15388:2012(E)3.1.23electrostatic dischargeESDelectrical breakdown of dielectric or gas or vacuum gaps, and also of surface interface of dissimilar materials, caused by differential charging of parts of dielectric materials and their interfaces ISO 11221:2011, 2.103.1.24fibr
44、eflexible structure having a length-to-width ratio of 10 to 1 or greater ISO 14952-1:2003, 2.93.1.25generally cleanGCfree from manufacturing residue, dirt, oil, grease, processing debris, or other extraneous contamination based on visual examinationNOTE This level does not apply to hardware that is
45、sensitive to contamination.ISO 14952-1:2003, 2.123.1.26ground support equipmentGSEnon-flight systems, equipment or devices necessary to support the operations of transporting, receiving, handling, assembly, inspection, test, checkout, servicing, launch and recovery of a space system at launch, landi
46、ng or retrieval sitesISO 14625:2007, 3.1.53.1.27ICDinterface control documentspecification that describes the characteristics that must be controlled at the boundaries between systems, subsystems and other elements3.1.28microorganismmicroscopical individual constituted to carry out life functionsNOT
47、E 1 Microorganisms include organisms such as bacteria, protozoa, yeasts, moulds, fungi, algae and organisms that depend upon other life forms for reproduction such as viruses and parasites.NOTE 2 Multicellular organisms and agglomerations of microorganisms may be visible to the unaided eye.3.1.29mic
48、roscopicalvisible only under a microscope3.1.30molecular contaminationcontamination due to deposition of molecules on surfaces or their presence in gases or liquids3.1.31non-volatile residueNVRquantity of soluble or suspended residual material and insoluble particulate matter remaining after tempera
49、ture-controlled evaporation of a filtered, volatile liquidNOTE Adapted from ISO 14952-1:2003, 2.17.4 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 15388:2012ISO 15388:2012(E)3.1.32occupancy states of cleanrooms3.1.32.1as-builtcondition whereby the installation is complete with all services connected and functioning but with no equipment, materials, or personnel present3.1.32.2at-restcondition whereby the installation is complete with equipment installed, and operating in a manner agreed between the customer and supplier, but wit
