1、BS ISO15754:2009ICS 85.060NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDPaper and board Determination of z-directional tensilestrengthThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 30 April2009 BSI 2009ISB
2、N 978 0 580 54637 2Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS ISO 15754:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 15754:2009.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PAI/11, Methods of test for paper, board and pu
3、lps.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom
4、 legal obligations.BS ISO 15754:2009Reference numberISO 15754:2009(E)ISO 2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO15754First edition2009-03-15Paper and board Determination of z-directional tensile strength Papier et carton Dtermination de la force de traction dans la direction z BS ISO 15754:2009ISO 15754:2009
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8、PYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2009 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address bel
9、ow or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2009 All rights reservedBS ISO 15754:2009ISO 15754:2009(E) ISO 2009 All
10、rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Principle. 1 5 Apparatus 2 6 Calibration . 2 6.1 General. 2 6.2 Checking 2 6.3 Test speed setting 3 7 Sampling and preparation of test pieces . 3 7.1 Sampling 3 7.2 Conditi
11、oning 3 7.3 Preparation of test pieces 3 8 Procedure 3 8.1 Mounting a test piece between the tester platens. 3 8.2 Measurements. 4 9 Calculation. 4 10 Precision 5 10.1 Repeatability 5 10.2 Reproducibility 5 11 Test report . 5 Annex A (informative) The influence of the tape quality on the results . 6
12、 Bibliography . 7 BS ISO 15754:2009ISO 15754:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out thro
13、ugh ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collabor
14、ates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standa
15、rds. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of t
16、his document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 15754 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 2, Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board. BS ISO 15
17、754:2009ISO 15754:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved vIntroduction This International Standard has been developed in order to specify the conditions for determining the z-directional tensile strength of paper and board, i.e. the tensile strength in the z-direction. The terminology for the strength
18、 of paper in the thickness direction is not well defined. Terms such as z-directional tensile strength, Scott Bond, internal bond strength, internal fibre bond strength, ply adhesion and ply bond strength are used, depending on the measurement procedure, on the type of sample tested and on the purpo
19、se of the measurement. BS ISO 15754:2009BS ISO 15754:2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15754:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1Paper and board Determination of z-directional tensile strength 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of z-directional tensile streng
20、th, i.e. the tensile strength in the z-direction. It is applicable to paper and board, but not applicable to corrugated fibreboard. For papers, the grammage range can not be stated explicitly, but results for papers having a grammage less than 60 g/m2shall be treated with caution since the tape may
21、reinforce the paper. This International Standard does not determine the absolute strength of paper as the measurement is affected by the tape, the pressing conditions and the speed used. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
22、 For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to determine average quality ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and tes
23、ting and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 z-direction direction perpendicular to the plane of the material 3.2 z-directional tensile strength maximum tensile s
24、tress a paper or board can withstand, when it is loaded in the z-direction under the conditions described in this International Standard 4 Principle A test piece, attached to and between two flat metal plates using double-sided adhesive tape and given pressure for a specified time, is strained to br
25、eak during a given time of loading, using a tensile-testing apparatus that records the maximum tensile force in the z-direction. BS ISO 15754:2009ISO 15754:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reserved5 Apparatus 5.1 Compression device, for bonding the tape to the test piece and to the tester platens, with
26、 a compression force corresponding to (1,4 0,1) MPa. 5.2 Tensile-testing apparatus, having a tensile force measuring device, reading to an accuracy of 2 % across the range of the load cell. NOTE A force measuring device with a maximum capacity of 1 kN has been found to be suitable. The dynamic perfo
27、rmance of the testing instrument is a critical parameter in this test where a peak force shall be determined within a very short time. Care shall be taken on the sampling rate and the force signal filtering which includes the mechanical design of the instrument in use. It is the task of the manufact
28、urer of the testing instrument to provide a testing instrument that can capture the peak force with sufficient accuracy. The tensile-testing apparatus shall have a drive unit which allows test speed settings according to 6.3. 5.3 Two flat circular or square tester platens, having a test area of eith
29、er (645 10) mm2or (1 000 10) mm2. Platen parallelism can be achieved either by a self-adjusting (swivel) mounting or by laterally guided, rigid compression platens. In the latter case, the parallelism tolerances shall be better than 0,000 5 mm/mm when measured in the longest horizontal direction of
30、the platen test surfaces. NOTE In some constructions, one platen can be larger than the other. In that case, the test-area is determined by the smallest area. The tester platens shall be stiff so that the platen surfaces do not bend during the compression procedure or the tensile testing. 5.4 Device
31、 for aligning the tester platens, so that their vertical axes are aligned within 0,5 mm. 5.5 Double-sided adhesive tape, that is stronger than the tested sample and larger than the tester platens. NOTE 1 It is not possible to state either the brand of the tape or the strength characteristics of the
32、tape. Manufacturers constantly change the formulation and properties. NOTE 2 The quality of the tape is affected by ageing. The tape manufacturers recommendation for storage is followed. 5.6 Punch or cutter for preparation of test pieces, with a size slightly larger than the tester platens (5.3). 5.
33、7 Solvent, ethyl alcohol or similar. 6 Calibration 6.1 General Calibrate or verify the apparatus parameters according to instructions given by the manufacturer of the testing instrument. 6.2 Checking Check that the platens are parallel in accordance with the specifications given in 5.3, and that the
34、y are aligned according to the specification given in 5.4. BS ISO 15754:2009ISO 15754:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 36.3 Test speed setting This International Standard requires that a stress of 500 kPa shall be reached in (200 20) milliseconds, i.e. a stress rate of 2,5 N/mm2per second. The c
35、orresponding elongation rate is dependent on the stiffness of the testing equipment. The required stress rate can be obtained by adjusting the elongation rate in such a way that this condition is fulfilled. Perform the calibration as follows. For the platen size used, calculate the force, F, as the
36、stress (500 kPa = 0,5 N/mm2) times the area (645 mm2or 1 000 mm2). Fasten the platens together with one layer of double-sided adhesive tape between the platens. Record the force versus the time. Perform a preliminary test by choosing an arbitrary elongation rate (around 60 mm/min) and record the tim
37、e from zero force to the force, F (322,5 N or 500 N). If the time is not correct, adjust the elongation rate. Repeat this procedure until the time is (200 20) milliseconds. Then accept this elongation rate, ER, and use this elongation rate for all future tests, irrespective of the paper to be tested
38、 or the tape used. NOTE The elongation rate, ER, is usually supplied by the manufacturer of the instrument. 7 Sampling and preparation of test pieces 7.1 Sampling If the test is being made to evaluate a lot of paper or board, carry out the sampling in accordance with ISO 186. If the test is made on
39、another type of sample, report the source of the sample and if possible, the sampling procedure used. Make sure that the specimens taken are representative of the sample received. 7.2 Conditioning Condition the tape and the specimens of paper and board as specified in ISO 187 and keep them in the co
40、nditioning atmosphere throughout the test. 7.3 Preparation of test pieces From specimens of undamaged paper and board, cut the specified test pieces, avoiding watermarks, folds and wrinkles. The number of test pieces shall enable the accomplishment of at least five tests. The size of the test pieces
41、 must be larger than the size of the platens. NOTE The test piece area under test is determined by the area of the tester platens (5.3). 8 Procedure 8.1 Mounting a test piece between the tester platens Clean the tester platens (5.3) with a solvent (5.7) prior to each days testing. Dry the platens wi
42、th a dry tissue or a soft cloth. Maintain the test surface of the platens in a clean state at all times. Do not touch the cleaned platens with bare hands. Remove the protective liner from one side of a piece of the double-sided adhesive tape (5.5) and fix the tape to one side of the test piece so th
43、at it covers an area at least as large as the platens (5.3). Repeat this procedure on the other side of the test piece. Remove the protective liner from the tape on both sides of the test piece. BS ISO 15754:2009ISO 15754:2009(E) 4 ISO 2009 All rights reservedPlace the test piece between the aligned
44、 tester platens so that the test piece slightly protrudes outside of the tester platens. Make sure that the inner surfaces of both platens are completely covered with tape. Compress the test piece between the tester platens with a force corresponding to a pressure of (1,4 0,1) MPa for (6 1) s. Avoid
45、 bending or pulling the tester platens while the test piece is attached. 8.2 Measurements Strain the test piece to break, using the test speed setting selected according to 6.3 and record the maximum force, F. Remove the test piece from the tester platens. Be careful not to touch the test surface of
46、 the platens. If the tester platens are touched when removing the tape or other material, clean the tester platens again with solvent (5.7) and dry them. Never use sharp tools to remove the tape from the platens. Make sure that the platen surfaces are not damaged. Visually study the paper surfaces a
47、fter failure and make sure that the break has occurred within the test piece. If the fracture occurs between the tape and the platen or between the tape and test piece, discard the result from this particular test. If 20 % or more of the test results are invalid because failure has not occurred in t
48、he sample, replace the tape with a stronger tape to comply with 5.5. Discard all previous results and repeat the testing. NOTE If, after changing the tape and a stronger tape is not available, 20 % or more invalid results are still obtained, the sample may still be tested by using a higher pressing
49、pressure and/or pressing for a longer time. The results obtained do not comply with the requirements of this International Standard. Carry out at least five valid measurements. 9 Calculation Calculate the mean z-directional tensile strength, ZD, in kilopascals, using Equation (1): 3ZD10FA = (1) where F is the mean maximum tensile force, in newtons; A is the area of the tester platens, in square millimetres. Report the z-directional tensile strength, ZD, to three significant figures. Calculate, also, the coefficient of v
