1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 16384:2012Refrigerated hydrocarbon andnon-petroleum based liquefiedgaseous fuels Dimethylether(DME) Measurement andcalculation on board shipsBS ISO 16384:2012 BRITISH STAN
2、DARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 16384:2012. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PTI/12, Petroleum Measurement and Sampling.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secret
3、ary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 76707 4 ICS 75.180.30 Compliance with a British Standard canno
4、t confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 16384:2012 ISO 2012Refrigerated hydrocarbon and non-petroleum base
5、d liquefied gaseous fuels Dimethylether (DME) Measurement and calculation on board shipsHydrocarbures rfrigrs et combustibles gazeux liqufis base non ptrolire Dimthylther (DME) Mesurage et calculs bord des naviresINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO16384First edition2012-11-01Reference numberISO 16384:2012(E)B
6、S ISO 16384:2012ISO 16384:2012(E)ii ISO 2012 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm,
7、 without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 16384:2012ISO 1
8、6384:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Terms and definitions . 13 Characteristics and properties of DME . 23.1 General . 23.2 General characteristics . 23.3 Chemical and physical properties 24 General precautions 34.1 General . 34.2 Equipment
9、precautions . 35 Tank capacity table 45.1 General . 45.2 Contents of tank capacity table . 46 Level gauges . 46.1 Type of level gauges 46.2 Accuracy of level gauge 46.3 Use of designated level gauge. 57 Temperature measuring equipment . 57.1 Type of temperature sensor 57.2 Accuracy of temperature me
10、asuring equipment . 57.3 Number and position of temperature sensors 58 Pressure gauge . 58.1 Type and number of pressure gauges . 58.2 Accuracy of pressure gauge . 59 Preparation for custody transfer . 69.1 Facilities for cargo operation 69.2 Pipelines . 69.3 Ship/shore meeting 610 Custody transfer
11、measurement . 710.1 General . 710.2 Measurement of liquid level 710.3 Measurement of temperature 710.4 Measurement of vapour pressure 711 Quantitative calculation 811.1 General . 811.2 Concept of quantitative calculation . 812 Preparation for sailing . 912.1 Pipelines and other facilities . 912.2 Sh
12、ip/shore meeting 912.3 Information to cargo receiver 9Annex A (informative) Estimation of density of DME .10Bibliography .11BS ISO 16384:2012ISO 16384:2012(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). T
13、he work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-go
14、vernmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.T
15、he main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vot
16、e.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 16384 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum products and lubricants, Subcommi
17、ttee SC 5, Measurement of refrigerated hydrocarbon and non-petroleum based liquefied gaseous fuels.iv ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 16384:2012ISO 16384:2012(E)IntroductionMeasures for environmental protection are required on a global scale. In this connection, various methods of achieving these
18、 aims have been independently studied or undertaken in many countries. One such project, the development of the use of dimethylether (DME) as a new form of energy has been undertaken in several countries. Use of DME generates neither sulfur-oxide nor any other particulate matter known to cause envir
19、onmental pollution at the time of combustion.Another benefit of the use of DME as a petroleum alternative is that it can be produced easily from natural gases, coals and biomasses with only slight additional development of the existing techniques of production, transportation, storage and consumptio
20、n.In international trade, liquefied gases in bulk are carried by specialized ships which are equipped with fully refrigerated or semi-refrigerated type tanks, or pressurized type tanks. For assessing the quantity, measurement on board these ships is preferable because shore tanks at loading/discharg
21、ing ports usually engage in transferring to/from tank cars by pipelines, etc. simultaneously with the delivery/receipt of the cargo to/from the ships.To prevent dispute over the delivered quantity of DME, uniform practice of volumetric measurement and consequent calculation methods is called for.Sin
22、ce detailed requirements on installation, calibration and verification of level gauges and thermometers are standardized in their own respective International Standards, this International Standard focuses on the practice of custody transfer and subsequent calculation of DME. ISO 2012 All rights res
23、erved vBS ISO 16384:2012BS ISO 16384:2012Refrigerated hydrocarbon and non-petroleum based liquefied gaseous fuels Dimethylether (DME) Measurement and calculation on board ships1 ScopeThis International Standard provides guidance on the practices for custody transfer of dimethylether (DME) on board s
24、hips, at both the loading and the discharging ports. It covers such aspects of volumetric calculation on board as measurement of liquid volume, vapour volume, temperature and pressure; and accounting for the total quantity of DME on board before and after loading/discharging, regardless of the type
25、of ships tank.2 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.2.1absolute pressurepressure in excess of a perfect vacuum, equal to the algebraic sum of atmospheric pressure and effective pressure2.2automatic tank gaugeATGinstrument that continuousl
26、y measures liquid height (dip or ullage) in storage tanksISO 18132-1:2011, definition 2.1.1 and ISO 18132-3:2011, definition 2.1.1NOTE 1 An automatic tank gauge usually includes a level sensor, a gauge head and associated mounting hardware, and in some cases local display.NOTE 2 Automatic tank gauge
27、s are also known as automatic level gauges (ALGs).2.2.1float-type ATGATG that uses a float to detect the liquid levelISO 18132-1:2011, definition 2.1.5 and ISO 18132-3:2011, definition 2.1.4NOTE The float is guided by a tape or wire that is connected to a drum or a ratchet in the gauge head, where t
28、he level measured is displayed locally and/or remotely.2.2.2magnetic-type ATGATG that measures the liquid level by magnetic reed switches with a float sensor including magnets, or by magneto-strictive principleISO 18132-3:2011, definition 2.1.7INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16384:2012(E) ISO 2012 All ri
29、ghts reserved 1BS ISO 16384:2012ISO 16384:2012(E)2.2.3radar-type ATGmicrowave-type ATGATG that utilizes an antenna to transmit electromagnetic continuous waves toward the liquid in a tank, and to receive electromagnetic waves which are reflected at the surface of the liquidISO 18132-1:2011, definiti
30、on 2.1.7 and ISO 18132-3:2011, definition 2.1.82.3custody transfermeasurement of liquid level, liquid and vapour temperature, and vapour pressure of the DME to be delivered to/from a tank, by which volume and other data are determined as the basis of payment or the assessment of duty2.3.1closing cus
31、tody transfercustody transfer implemented after loading or discharging cargo from the tank(s)2.3.2opening custody transfercustody transfer implemented before loading or discharging cargo from the tank(s)2.4heelamount of cargo retained in a cargo tank prior to loading or after dischargeISO 10976:2012
32、, definition 3.1.162.5saturated vapour pressurevapour pressurepressure exerted by the vapour above the liquid in equilibrium at a given temperature3 Characteristics and properties of DME3.1 GeneralDME has the following typical characteristics and properties (see ISO 29945), in consideration of which
33、, safety precautions should be taken.3.2 General characteristicsDME has the following general characteristics, which should be considered with respect to personal safety precautions:a) non-corrosive;b) relatively small temperature coefficient of volume expansion;c) acts as an effective solvent of ma
34、ny materials;d) hydrophilic.3.3 Chemical and physical propertiesDME has the following general chemical and physical characteristics:a) boiling point: 25,1 C at atmospheric pressure;b) saturated vapour pressure: 0,61 MPa at 25 C;2 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 16384:2012ISO 16384:2012(E)c) explo
35、sive range: 3,4 volume % to 27,0 volume %;d) relative gas density: 1,59 relative to air;e) liquid density: 677 kg/m3at 15 C.4 General precautions4.1 GeneralNothing contained in this International Standard is intended to supersede any regulatory requirements or recommended operating practices issued
36、by organizations such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO), International Chamber of Shipping (ICS), Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF), International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) and individual operating companies, nor is this International Standard inten
37、ded to conflict with any safety or environmental considerations, local regulations, or the specific provisions of any contract.4.2 Equipment precautions4.2.1 Accuracy inspection and verification of gaugesLevel gauges, temperature measuring equipment and pressure gauges to be used for custody transfe
38、r shall be subject to accuracy inspection at the time of installation on board and at subsequent periodic inspections as required by regulation and/or the sales contract.Certificates of these accuracy verifications shall document the inaccuracies of gauges and provide statements with regard to their
39、 operational condition and suitability for use. They shall be dated and indicate the person and company performing the verification. The most current certificate(s) shall be kept on board for inspection by any party to subsequent custody transfer operations.4.2.2 Maintenance of gaugesLevel gauges, t
40、emperature measuring equipment and pressure gauges shall be maintained by ships personnel so as to guarantee effective cargo control and accurate custody transfer.4.2.3 Operation of gaugesLevel gauges, temperature measuring equipment and pressure gauges shall be operated by ships personnel designate
41、d by the shipmaster.4.2.4 Malfunction of gaugesIn the event that a level gauge, temperature measuring equipment or a pressure gauge malfunctions during a voyage, the shipmaster shall endeavour to repair it and report the incident and outcome of any actions taken at the destination without delay.4.2.
42、5 Tolerance of gauges against cargo natureIn accordance with the type of tank, i.e. fully refrigerated, semi-refrigerated or fully pressurized, level gauges, temperature measuring equipment and pressure gauges shall be designed to withstand low temperatures or high pressure as well the solubility of
43、 DME.4.2.6 Change of gaugesAny changes to level gauges, temperature measuring equipment and pressure gauges require the approval of the ships flag administration and/or classification society, and require external verification ISO 2012 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 16384:2012ISO 16384:2012(E)of accura
44、cy by a competent metrological authority for DME custody transfer. All described equipment shall meet minimum requirements as detailed by the ships flag administration and classification society.4.2.7 Use of other type of gaugeLevel gauges, temperature measuring equipment and pressure gauges includi
45、ng those which use measurement technologies not described in this International Standard are considered acceptable for use in DME custody transfer service if they are judged to be compatible with those gauges in this International Standard by the parties to the sales contract of DME, and approval by
46、 national regulations.5 Tank capacity table5.1 GeneralStatic measurement of DME in a ships tank requires determination of liquid level expressed as innage or ullage, average temperature of liquid and vapour, and vapour pressure. The volume of the liquid is given by the ships tank capacity table; the
47、 volume of vapour is calculated by subtracting the liquid volume from the full capacity of the tank.5.2 Contents of tank capacity tableRegardless of the type of cargo tanks, ships tank capacity tables shall contain the following:a) calibration certificate, issued by a qualified calibration organizat
48、ion, which states uncertainty of the tank calibration;b) location of level gauges in relation to cargo tank geometry;c) volume in terms of cubic metres with three decimal places corresponding to the innage or ullage expressed in centimetres or millimetres between bottom datum point and tank top;d) r
49、eference temperature and full capacity of the tank including top dome;e) example of the use of tank capacity table;f) trim and list correction tables;g) thermal correction table and density correction table for float-type ATG where applicable;h) table of volume corrections due to thermal contraction of tank material in the case of fully refrigerated or semi-refrigerated tanks.6 Level gauges6.1 Type of level gaugesShips with fully refrigerated or semi-refrigerated tanks are usually equipped with radar-type, floa
