1、BS ISO 16840-3:2014Wheelchair seatingPart 3: Determination of static, impactand repetitive load strengths for posturalsupport devicesIncorporating corrigendum July 2016BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 16840-3:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewo
2、rdThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 16840-3:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by TechnicalCommittee CH/173, Assistive products for persons with disability, A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can beobtained on request to its secretary
3、.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 95263 0ICS 11.180.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer
4、 immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2014.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected31 July 2016 Implementation of ISO corrected text 1 September 2015: See ISO forewo
5、rd for detailsto Subcommittee CH/173/1, Wheelchairs. ISO 2014Wheelchair seating Part 3: Determination of static, impact and repetitive load strengths for postural support devicesSiges de fauteuils roulants Partie 3: Dtermination des efforts statiques, dimpact et cycliques pour les dispositifs de mai
6、ntien de la postureINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO16840-3Second edition2014-01-15Reference numberISO 16840-3:2014(E)Corrected version2015-09-01ISO 16840-3:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, n
7、o part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs memb
8、er body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 16840-3:2014ISO 16840-3:2014(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and
9、definitions . 24 Test apparatus . 45 Failure modes .136 Preparation of PSD for testing .137 Test methods for static strength of PSDs 147.1 Preparation . 147.2 Test procedure 147.3 Load application . 147.4 Lateral and medial support surface test methods .157.4.1 Lateral supports: outward lateral forc
10、es 157.4.2 Lateral supports: inward lateral forces .167.4.3 Medial knee supports: inward forces 177.5 Anterior pelvic and trunk support: anterior forces .177.5.1 Pelvic support 177.5.2 Trunk support . 207.6 Head support: posterior forces 217.7 Back support: posterior force . 217.8 Back support: ante
11、rior forces 227.9 Arm supports, integral: downward forces . 227.10 Foot supports, integral: downward forces . 238 Test methods for impact strength .238.1 Preparation . 238.2 Test procedure general 238.3 Back support resistance: posterior impact . 238.4 Foot supports: impact for PSDs with integral fo
12、ot supports 258.5 Seat surface: impact . 259 Test methods for repetitive load .269.1 Preparation . 269.2 Test procedure 269.3 Seat surface: repetitive load . 279.4 Back support: repetitive load 279.5 Anterior pelvic support: repetitive load . 289.6 Anterior trunk support: repetitive load . 2810 Test
13、 report 2911 Disclosure requirement .30 ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 16840-3:2014ISO 16840-3:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International
14、Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, al
15、so take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.
16、In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elemen
17、ts of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received
18、(see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherenc
19、e to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 173, Assistive products for persons with disability, Subcommittee SC 1, Wheelchairs.This second edition cancels and replac
20、es the first edition (ISO 16840-3:2006), which has been technically revised.ISO 16840 consists of the following parts, under the general title Wheelchair seating: Part 1: Vocabulary, reference axis convention and measures for body segments, posture and postural support surfaces Part 2: Determination
21、 of physical and mechanical characteristics of devices intended to manage tissue integrity Seat cushions Part 3: Determination of static, impact and repetitive load strengths for postural support devices Part 4: Seating systems for use in motor vehiclesThis corrected version of ISO 16840-3:2014 inco
22、rporates the following correction: 4.6 d) has been clarified.iv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 16840-3:2014ISO 16840-3:2014(E)IntroductionPostural support devices (PSD), constructed as additional components to wheelchair seating or as wheelchair seating in its own right, are widely available and
23、 used extensively by people with disabilities. The selection or prescription of the most appropriate PSD is intended to be, where appropriate, partially dependent on knowledge of its ability to withstand static, impact, and repeated loads. This part of ISO 16840 is intended to specify test methods t
24、o provide this information.The tests involve mounting the PSD on rigid test fixtures to simulate mounting on a wheelchair. Rigid test fixtures are utilized to provide a worst-case situation, which is repeatable and avoids destroying multiple wheelchairs during testing. Static, impact, and repeated l
25、oads are then applied to simulate normal usage. In some of the defined tests, performance criteria have been established. In others, no minimum requirements are currently specified. Tests are repeated at increasing forces or torques until one or more performance limits are reached. Repetitive load t
26、ests with a specific load or torque application are intended to induce fatigue-related performance limits.Tests represented in this part of ISO 16840 were derived from ISO 7176-8. Many of the test principles and much of the test equipment are the same for this part of ISO 16840 and ISO 7176-8.It is
27、anticipated that parts of this part of ISO 16840 will continue to be developed and that future revisions can include the results of ongoing work in the following areas: further development of the test forces based on clinical data is necessary in order to determine actual impact, static, and repetit
28、ive forces that PSDs are subjected to; further work for the collection of data on the most common failures experienced in actual use of PSDs is ongoing. ISO 2014 All rights reserved vBS ISO 16840-3:2014Wheelchair seating Part 3: Determination of static, impact and repetitive load strengths for postu
29、ral support devices1 ScopeThis part of ISO 16840 specifies test methods for the determination of static, impact, and repetitive load strengths as well as disclosure requirements for postural support devices (PSD) with associated attachment hardware intended for use with an undefined wheelchair.This
30、part of ISO 16840 does not apply to the strength of PSDs under crash conditions in a motor vehicle.This part of ISO 16840 does not apply to PSDs that are designed to fail under certain static, dynamic, or repetitive loads.NOTE 1 ISO 16840-4 provides test methods and requirements for some PSDs when u
31、sed as part of a wheelchair seat in a motor vehicle.NOTE 2 Performance criteria have been established in some of the defined tests. In others, no minimum requirements are currently specified.NOTE 3 For masses greater than 150 kg or less than 25 kg, appropriate extrapolation of test apparatus dimensi
32、ons, mounting point separation, etc. are permitted.NOTE 4 Rigid surrogate test fixtures are utilized to provide a worst-case situation, and consequently this part of ISO 16840 does not test a PSD on a particular wheelchair.NOTE 5 If one PSD achieves a higher loading at the point of failure than anot
33、her, it does not necessarily mean that it is better or worse. The type of failure and flexibility of the PSD can be considered as well. The maximum offset distance to the centre of the PSD from the adjacent attachment point can also be considered.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in who
34、le or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for condi
35、tioning and/or testing SpecificationsISO 898-7, Mechanical properties of fasteners Part 7: Torsional test and minimum torques for bolts and screws with nominal diameters 1 mm to 10 mmISO 7176-8:1998, Wheelchairs Part 8: Requirements and test methods for static, impact and fatigue strengthsISO 7176-1
36、5, Wheelchairs Part 15: Requirements for information disclosure, documentation and labellingISO 7176-26:2007, Wheelchairs Part 26: VocabularyISO 16840-2, Wheelchair seating Part 2: Determination of physical and mechanical characteristics of devices intended to manage tissue integrity Seat cushionsIN
37、TERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16840-3:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 16840-3:2014ISO 16840-3:2014(E)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in ISO 7176-26 and the following apply.3.1elastic attachment hardwarehardware that allows a PSD to move whe
38、n a force is applied and returns to its original position when the force is removedEXAMPLE A PSD designed with a spring that allows movement.3.2deformable support surfacesupport surface which conforms to the shape of the body part being supportedNote 1 to entry: The surface might or might not return
39、 to its original shape but remains conformable over time.EXAMPLE Foam or fluid seat supports are examples of deformable support surfaces.3.3passive support surfacePSD that moves with minimal resistance to follow the body part being supportedNote 1 to entry: Passive support surfaces do not necessaril
40、y move back to a specific position.EXAMPLE A mobile arm support is a passive support surface that allows movement with minimal resistance.3.4active support surfacePSD that is powered to change its position or support surface shapeEXAMPLE An alternating pressure seat support or an electronically oper
41、ated back support surface that reclines.3.5continuous lateral supportsupport surface which has a depth that projects a minimum of 75 mm as measured perpendicular to its uncompressed adjacent support surface and has an angle between the adjacent support surface and the lateral support which is less t
42、han or equal to 120Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.Note 2 to entry: Figure 2 shows a support with a contoured surface that is not considered to be a lateral support.Note 3 to entry: If there are difficulties in establishing the location of the adjacent support surface, use the reference planes as spec
43、ified in ISO 7176-26.2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 16840-3:2014ISO 16840-3:2014(E)Dimensions in millimetresFigure 1 Cross section of a support surface with continuous lateral supportDimensions in millimetresFigure 2 Cross section of a support surface with a contour not considered a lateral su
44、pport3.6discontinuous lateral supportlateral support which is separate from the adjacent support surfaceNote 1 to entry: See Figure 3.Figure 3 Example of a lateral support discontinuous with the adjacent support surface3.7pivot axisaxis about which a pivoted arm rotates3.8mounting pointintended atta
45、chment point or points of any PSD ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 16840-3:2014ISO 16840-3:2014(E)4 Test apparatus4.1 Rigid test fixtures, fixtures used for securing or positioning PSDs during testing, as specified below. The fixtures shall be rigid when subjected to the forces required in Claus
46、es 7, 8, and 9 for the user mass specified by the manufacturer of the PSD.4.1.1 Adjustable rigid test frame, for simulating a wheelchair frame, typically used to attach the sling seat or sling back, which allows the full range of angle adjustment of PSD attachment hardware.NOTE The testing of one pi
47、ece shells with a combination of two rigid frames can be used.The outside dimensions between the adjustable rigid components of the test frame should be adjustable from 280 mm 30 mm to 580 mm 30 mm. An informative example of an adjustable rigid test frame is shown in Figure 4.Figure 4 Example of an
48、adjustable rigid test frame4.1.2 Rigid surrogate support surface, for PSDs intended for use with a rigid support surface and where a support surface is not supplied, a surrogate rigid support surface will be required. An example is shown in Figure 5.Holes can be drilled or other modifications made t
49、o accommodate the mounting of a variety of attachment hardware.4 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 16840-3:2014ISO 16840-3:2014(E)Key1 plywood2 steelFigure 5 Example of rigid surrogate support surface for testing attachment hardware4.1.3 Pivoting test frame, for applying a torque of up to 50 Nm (3 %) for a duration of no less than 5 s applied at a rate not to exceed 50 Nm (3 %) per second to a loading pad in order to simulate forward leaning of a seated user of postural support devices.EXAMPLE An informati
