1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 16855:2013Ships and marine technology Loose gear of liftingappliances on ships GeneralrequirementsCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license f
2、rom IHS-,-,-BS ISO 16855:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 16855:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee SME/32/-/4, Ships and marine technology - Outfitting anddeck machinery.A list of organizations r
3、epresented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 5
4、80 75008 3ICS 47.020.40; 47.020.50Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedCopyright B
5、ritish Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 16855:2013 ISO 2013Ships and marine technology Loose gear of lifting appliances on ships General requirementsNavires et te
6、chnologie maritime Accessoires mobiles des appareils de levage sur les navires Exigences gnralesINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO16855First edition2013-12-15Reference numberISO 16855:2013(E)Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo re
7、production or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 16855:2013ISO 16855:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by
8、 any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211
9、Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS I
10、SO 16855:2013ISO 16855:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword iv1 Scope . 12 Terms and definitions . 13 Technical requirements 13.1 Materials . 13.2 Blocks 13.3 Other technical requirements 24 Test requirements . 25 Marking 3Bibliography 7Copyright British Standards Institutio
11、n Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 16855:2013ISO 16855:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (I
12、SO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, gov
13、ernmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further mainte
14、nance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Atten
15、tion is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction
16、 and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformi
17、ty assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology, Subcommittee SC 4, Outfitting and
18、 deck machinery.iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 16855:2013INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16855:2013(E)Ships and mari
19、ne technology Loose gear of lifting appliances on ships General requirements1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies the general requirements for loose gear of lifting appliances on ships.This International Standard is applicable to lifting appliances on ships.2 Terms and definitionsFor the purp
20、oses of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.2.1loose geargear which is not permanently attached to the lifting appliances, such as chains, triangle eyeplates, hooks, blocks, shackles, swivels, sockets, preventer guys with patent clips, and rigging screwsNote 1 to entry: Lifting
21、beams, spreaders, frames, and similar items of equipment are also regarded as loose gear.2.2safe working loadcertified load for which the component has been designed and testedNote 1 to entry: This certified load should be not less than the maximum load to which the component will be subjected when
22、the appliance of which it forms part is operating at its SWL.3 Technical requirements3.1 Materials3.1.1 Loose gear, such as hooks, lifting eyes, swivels, and shackles shall not be made of cast iron or cast steel.3.1.2 Forgings shall be normalized or normalized and tempered or otherwise heat-treated
23、according to a method appropriate to the properties of materials. Shackle materials shall use solid steel manufactured by Martin furnaces, electric furnaces, or oxygen top blown converters; it is recommended to use the electroslag remelting process.3.2 Blocks3.2.1 Blocks shall be so constructed to m
24、inimize the clearance between sheaves and enclosure partition plates to prevent ropes from jamming.3.2.2 Effective lubricating shall be maintained to the blocks during operation. Provision shall be made for lubricating all bearings and swivel head fittings without dismantling the block.3.2.3 Snatch
25、blocks shall not be used in the lifting appliance systems.3.2.4 The ratio of sheave diameter measured at the bottom of rope groove to the diameter of rope shall not be less than that as given in Table 1. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under lice
26、nse with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 16855:2013ISO 16855:2013(E)Table 1 Ratio of sheave diameter to rope diameterUse of sheavesSheave diameter/rope diameterRunning ropes Static ropesWire ropesDerrick rigs (includin
27、g derrick cranes) 13 8Cranes and submersible handling systems 19 8Fibre ropes 63.3 Other technical requirements3.3.1 “C” type hooks shall be so designed as to prevent the risk of the hook from catching on the ships structure or other obstruction when hoisting by means of a hook shelter. Hooks for sp
28、ecial purposes, such as for lifting freight containers, shall comply with the appropriate recognized International Standards.3.3.2 Swivel shall be provided between the hook and short link chain or other item for lifting cargo, and capable of rotating freely and preventing from getting loose.3.3.3 It
29、 is recommended that heavy load such as bob weight or short link chain be attached to the hook, such that disorder of reeling rope will not occur when the winch is working in no load condition.3.3.4 The shackle pin end shall be screwed and provided with devices to prevent from getting loose. Shackle
30、s used for attaching the lifting gear (such as hooks, bob weight, or short link chains for lifting cargo, etc.) shall be provided with countersunk pins.3.3.5 The thickness of triangle plates connecting short link chains and cargo runners shall be appropriate to the associated shackle so as to minimi
31、ze the clearance between them.3.3.6 The construction of rigging screws shall be capable of preventing their end fittings from turning. The end fittings of the rigging screw shall be forged in one piece. The rigging screws of hook type end fittings shall not be used in the lifting appliance system.3.
32、3.7 Chains used as span chain or as part of preventer guy shall be of studless long link chains. Preventer guy with patent clip shall be fitted with stop device; the distance between the device and the end clip shall be as short as practical and, in general, not greater than one pitch of the clips.3
33、.3.8 The items of loose gear, such as eyes, links, shanks, straps and hooks, etc., that have a wastage over 10 % of their original dimensions and a wastage of pins over 6 % of their original dimensions, or cracks or permanent deformation, and any breakage or cracks on the sheaves, shall be replaced
34、or repaired immediately.3.3.9 Welding shall not be used to lengthen, alter, or repair chains, hooks, links, shackles, or swivels.4 Test requirements4.1 Where testing machines are used to apply test loads, they shall be calibrated biennially by a recognized unit and the accuracy shall be within 2 %.
35、Where test weights are used to apply test loads, the weights shall be certified as accurate to within 2 %.4.2 Every item of loose gear shall be proof-tested. The proof load applied to each item of loose gear shall be as the requirements given in Table 2 and associated notes. Proof load shall be appl
36、ied to each item with a testing machine or test weight for a duration of not less than 5 min.2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
37、-,-,-BS ISO 16855:2013ISO 16855:2013(E)Table 2 Test load for loose gearNo. ItemTest load kN1 Single sheave blocks 4 SWL2Multi-sheave blocksSWL 245 kN245 kN 1 568 kN2 SWL0,933 SWL + 2651,1 SWL3Chains, hooks, rings, shackles, swivels, etcSWL 245 kN245 kN 1 568 kN2 SWL1,04 SWL + 941,1 SWLNOTE 1 The saf
38、e working load for single sheave blocks, including single sheave blocks with beckets, shall be taken as one-half of the load on the head fitting.NOTE 2 The safe working load for a multi-sheave block shall be taken as the load on the head fitting.NOTE 3 As an alternative to the testing per Table 2, t
39、he loose gear can be proof-tested in accordance with the requirements of the Flag Administration or a Classification Society acceptable to the Flag Administration provided the proof test is equal to or greater than the proof test specified in Table 2.4.3 For blocks, test loads shall be taken as the
40、total load on the head fittings of blocks during tests. If blocks are provided with beckets, during their proof tests, loads applied to beckets shall be taken as their proof test loads for acceptance.4.4 In any case when single sheave blocks are used, shackles or end fittings connected to blocks sho
41、uld be stamped with twice the safe working load marked on the blocks.4.5 After proof testing, each item of loose gear shall be thoroughly examined for deformation, cracks, or other defects and to ensure that its rotating parts can rotate freely.4.6 Short and long link chains shall be subjected to a
42、breaking test in addition to the proof test as required in Table 2. In general, a sample of 5 links length shall be taken from each length of chain measuring 55 m and shall withstand a breaking load not less than 4 SWL for the chain.4.7 Where the design of a lifting beam or similar item is such that
43、 the load can be lifted and supported in more than one manner, each arrangement shall be separately tested.4.8 Under the following circumstances, loose gear shall be re-tested:a) in case of no corresponding certificates of examination to prove that components have been tested in advance;b) after any
44、 repair or change that might affect component strength.5 Marking5.1 Every item of loose gear which has been proof-tested and examined and found satisfactory in accordance with the above Clause 5 shall be marked visibly and permanently. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3Copyright British Standards Instit
45、ution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO 16855:2013ISO 16855:2013(E)5.2 In view of the importance of ensuring correct safe working loads at specific positions of lifting appliances for e
46、ach component of loose gear and for easy replacement, it is recommended to keep a specification or a detailed rigging plan on board.5.3 It is recommended that the specification should be based on ISO 233, which has already provided a set of standard tables.5.4 It is recommended that rigging plan use
47、 the symbol table specified in ISO 233.5.5 Each item of loose gear, including lifting beams and similar components, shall be marked with the following contents:a) safe working load, in t;b) mark of steel grade shown in Table 3;c) manufacturers stamp or the stamp of test unit;d) design maximum wire r
48、ope diameter for blocks;e) self weight, in kN, for lifting beams and similar components.Table 3 Quality level marks of materialsQuality level marks Steel typesUltimate tensile strength N/mm2LMPSTMild steelHigh strength steelAlloy steelAlloy steelAlloy steel3004005006308005.6 Fraction strokes and slashes shall be avoided; it is preferred to use points or dashed lines rather than boundaries. In general, when safe working load is marked in t, the value following the decimal shall be marked.5.7 Marks shall be stamped at the conspicuous place of the item so as t
