1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 17491-2:2012Protective clothing Testmethods for clothing providingprotection against chemicalsPart 2: Determination of resistance toinward leakage of aerosols and gases(in
2、ward leakage test)BS ISO 17491-2:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 17491-2:2012.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PH/3/3, Chemical, Biological, Radioactive and NuclearPersonal Protective Equipment.A l
3、ist of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI StandardsLi
4、mited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 65184 7ICS 13.340.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS I
5、SO 17491-2:2012 ISO 2012Protective clothing Test methods for clothing providing protection against chemicals Part 2: Determination of resistance to inward leakage of aerosols and gases (inward leakage test)Vtements de protection Mthodes dessai pour les vtements fournissant une protection contre les
6、produits chimiques Partie 2: Dtermination de la rsistance aux fuites des arosols et des gaz vers lintrieur (essai de pntration)INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO17491-2First edition2012-04-15Reference numberISO 17491-2:2012(E)BS ISO 17491-2:2012ISO 17491-2:2012(E)ii ISO 2012 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROT
7、ECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs me
8、mber body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 17491-2:2012ISO 17491-2:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntro
9、duction v1 Scope 12 Terms and definitions . 13 Principle . 24 Test agents and test subjects 24.1 Test agents 24.2 Test subjects . 35 Apparatus 75.1 Method 1 Sodium chloride method . 75.2 Method 2 Sulfur hexafluoride method (SF6) 86 Procedure 87 Calculation 98 Test report .10Annex A (normative) Sampl
10、ing probe and connections 11Bibliography .13BS ISO 17491-2:2012ISO 17491-2:2012(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
11、 ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborate
12、s closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards.
13、Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this do
14、cument may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 17491-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 94, Personal safety Protective clothing and equipment, Subcommittee SC 13, Protective clothing.This first edition of ISO
15、17491-2, together with ISO 17491-1, ISO 17491-3, ISO 17491-4 and ISO 17491-5, cancels and replaces ISO 17491:2002 which has been technically revised.ISO 17491 consists of the following parts, under the general title Protective clothing Test methods for clothing providing protection against chemicals
16、: Part 1: Determination of resistance to outward leakage of gases (Internal pressure test) Part 2: Determination of resistance to inward leakage of aerosols and gases (inward leakage test) Part 3: Determination of resistance to penetration by a jet of liquid (jet test) Part 4: Determination of resis
17、tance to penetration by a spray of liquid (spray test)The following parts are under preparation: Part 5: Determination of resistance to penetration by a spray of liquid (manikin spray test)iv ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 17491-2:2012ISO 17491-2:2012(E)IntroductionChemical protective clothing i
18、s worn in conjunction with appropriate respiratory protective devices in order to isolate the body of the wearer from the environment. Several tests exist for determining the resistance of chemical protective clothing materials to either the permeation or penetration of gaseous or liquid chemicals.H
19、owever, the effectiveness of the overall protective clothing item in preventing exposure from chemical hazards depends on the integrity of the clothing items design in eliminating or reducing inward leakage of chemicals.The selection of the appropriate integrity test method will depend on the applic
20、ation of the chemical protective clothing and the exposure hazards present. Usually, the integrity test method will be specified in the overall chemical protective clothing specification.Evaluations of protective clothing material chemical resistance should be carried out using the appropriate test.
21、ISO 6529 specifies methods for measuring the resistance of the protective clothing materials, seams and assemblages to permeation by either liquids or gases. ISO 13994 specifies a method for determining the penetration resistance of protective clothing materials under conditions of continuous liquid
22、 contact and pressure, and can be applied to micro-porous materials, seams and assemblages. ISO 6530 specifies a procedure for measuring the penetration resistance of protective clothing materials from the impact and runoff of liquids. General protective clothing requirements are specified in ISO 13
23、688.This International Standard specifies six different test methods for determining the resistance of complete protective clothing to inward leakage of either gaseous or liquid chemicals (protective clothing integrity). These test methods apply to either liquid or gaseous chemicals, or aerosols, an
24、d range in the level of severity.The integrity test methods specified by this International Standard are as follows.ISO 17491-1 specifies a method to be performed either at minimum test settings (Method 1) or at more rigorous test settings (Method 2), for assessing the resistance of a gas-tight suit
25、 to outward leakage of air through, for example, essential openings, fastenings, seams, interface areas between items, pores and any imperfections in the materials of construction.This part of ISO 17491 specifies two different methods for determining the inward leakage of chemical protective suits i
26、n an aerosol environment (Method 1) or a gaseous environment (Method 2). The procedure is applicable to gas-tight suits and non-gas-tight suits according to ISO 16602 and provides an evaluation of chemical protective suit integrity, particularly leakage in the breathing zone, under dynamic condition
27、s through the use of human subjects.ISO 17491-3 specifies a method for determining the resistance of chemical protective clothing to penetration by jets of liquid chemicals. This procedure is applicable to clothing worn where there is a risk of exposure to a forceful projection of a liquid chemical
28、and which is intended to be resistant to penetration under conditions that require total body surface cover, but not gas-tight clothing.ISO 17491-4 specifies a method to be performed either at minimum test settings (Method A low -level spray test) or at more rigorous test settings (Method B high -le
29、vel spray test), for determining the resistance of chemical protective clothing to penetration by sprays of liquid chemicals. This procedure applies to protective clothing intended to be worn when there is a risk of exposure to slight splashes of a liquid chemical or to spray particles that coalesce
30、 and run off the surface of the garment, and to clothing which is intended to be resistant to penetration under conditions that require total body surface cover, but not gas-tight clothing.ISO 17491-5 specifies an alternative test method for determining the resistance to spray penetration. It uses a
31、 static manikin instead of a test subject; it also uses a different spray configuration and duration.Methods specified in this part of ISO 17491, ISO 17491-1, ISO 17491-3, ISO 17491-4 and ISO 17491-5 are not appropriate for evaluating the permeation or penetration of liquid chemicals through the mat
32、erial from which the clothing is made. ISO 2012 All rights reserved vBS ISO 17491-2:2012BS ISO 17491-2:2012Protective clothing Test methods for clothing providing protection against chemicals Part 2: Determination of resistance to inward leakage of aerosols and gases (inward leakage test)1 ScopeThis
33、 part of ISO 17491 specifies two different methods for determining the inward leakage of chemical protective suits in an aerosol environment (Method 1) or a gaseous environment (Method 2).The procedure is applicable to gas-tight suits and non-gas-tight suits and provides an evaluation of chemical pr
34、otective suit integrity, particularly leakage in the breathing zone, under dynamic conditions through the use of human subjects.2 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.2.1assemblagepermanent fastening between two or more different garments,
35、 or between chemical protective clothing and accessories, obtained by e.g. sewing, welding, vulcanizing or gluing2.2chemical protective clothingcombined assembly of garments, worn to provide protection against exposure to or contact with chemicals2.3chemical protective suitclothing worn to protect a
36、gainst chemicals that covers the whole, or greater part, of the bodyNOTE 1 A chemical protective suit can comprise garments combined together to provide protection to the body.NOTE 2 A suit can also have various types of additional protection joined to it, such as a hood or helmet, boots and gloves.
37、2.4garmentindividual component (of chemical protective clothing), the wearing of which provides protection against contact with chemicals to the part of the body that it covers2.5gas-tight suitone-piece garment with hood, gloves and boots which, when worn with self-contained or air-line breathing ap
38、paratus, provides the wearer with a high degree of protection against harmful liquids, particles and gaseous or vapour contaminantsINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17491-2:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 17491-2:2012ISO 17491-2:2012(E)2.6non-gas-tight suitone-piece garment with hood, glove an
39、d boots which, when worn with or incorporating self-contained or air-line breathing apparatus, provides the wearer with a high degree of protection against harmful liquids, particles and gaseous or vapour contaminations but does not meet an outward gas leakage test (internal pressure test, ISO 17491
40、-1) NOTE See ISO 16602.2.7jointnon-permanent fastening between two different garments, or between chemical protective clothing and accessories2.8penetrationflow of a chemical through closures, porous materials, seams, holes or other imperfections in a protective clothing material, on a non-molecular
41、 level2.9permeationprocess by which a chemical moves through a protective clothing material on a molecular levelNOTE Permeation involvesa) sorption of molecules of the chemical into the contacted (outside) surface of a material;b) diffusion of the sorbed molecules in the material; andc) desorption o
42、f the molecules from the opposite (inside) surface of the material.2.10protective clothing materialany material or combination of materials used in an item of clothing for the purpose of isolating parts of the body from a potential hazard3 PrincipleThe subject wearing the suit under test walks on a
43、treadmill over which there is an enclosure. Through this enclosure flows a constant concentration of the test agent, either sodium chloride (NaCl) using Method 1 or sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) using Method 2.NOTE Method 1 simulates an aerosol challenge while Method 2 simulates a gaseous challenge.The
44、air inside the suit is sampled to determine the test agent content. The sample is extracted through a probe placed inside the suit. Another probe measures the pressure inside the suit.The airflow rate to the suit is adjusted and maintained at the manufacturers minimum design flow rate. If the suit i
45、s not outfitted with an external continuous flow air supply, the test subject shall wear a self-contained open-circuit compressed air breathing apparatus suitable for the test (duration and effort) and an airflow shall be fed into the suit, equal to the flow withdrawn from the suit for sampling. For
46、 a typical arrangement, see Figures 1 and 2.4 Test agents and test subjects4.1 Test agentsMethod 1 Sodium chloride test agentsThis method employs a sodium chloride aerosol as the test agent. The subject wearing the suit under test stands with his suited body surrounded by the NaCl test atmosphere (s
47、ee Figure 1). The mean NaCl concentration 2 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 17491-2:2012ISO 17491-2:2012(E)within the enclosure shall be (8 4) mg/m3and the variation throughout the effective working volume shall not be more than 10 %. The particle size distribution shall be 0,02 m to 2 m equivale
48、nt aerodynamic diameter with a mass median diameter of 0,6 m.Method 2 Sulfur hexafluoride test agentsThis method employs sulfur hexafluoride gas as the test agent. The subject wearing the suit under test stands with his suited body surrounded by the SF6test atmosphere (see Figure 2). Accurate determ
49、inations of leakage shall be possible within the range of 0,001 % to approximately 20 %, depending on the test challenge atmosphere. It is recommended that a test atmosphere at 0,1 % SF6(by volume) be used since SF6can build up inside the suit.SF6is not to be used for full suits utilizing filters as exhaust assemblies, unless the suit exhaust assemblies are connected to an atmosphere free of the challenge agent during testing.4.2 Test subjectsFor the test, persons shall be selected who are familiar with using the sa
