1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 17577:2016Steel Ultrasonic testing ofsteel flat products of thicknessequal to or greater than 6 mmBS ISO 17577:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 17577:2016. It supersedes BS ISO 17577:2006 which is withdrawn.Th
2、e UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ISE/101/7, Methods of physical and metallographic testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provis
3、ions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 81358 0 ICS 77.040.20; 77.140.50 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard
4、was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 17577:2016 ISO 2016Steel Ultrasonic testing of steel flat products of thickness equal to or greater than 6 mmAciers Con
5、trle ultrasonore des produits plats en acier dpaisseur gale ou suprieure 6 mmINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO17577Second edition2016-01-15Reference numberISO 17577:2016(E)BS ISO 17577:2016ISO 17577:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll righ
6、ts reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from ei
7、ther ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 17577:2016ISO 17577:2016(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative
8、references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 25 Personnel . 26 Testing system . 36.1 General requirements . 36.2 Manual testing instrument . 36.3 Automated testing system . 36.4 Performance of electronic equipment 36.4.1 Linearity 36.4.2 Dead zone . 46.5 Probes . 46.6 Coupling medium 47 Test p
9、rocedure 47.1 Time of testing . 47.2 Scanning plan . 57.2.1 General 57.2.2 Testing of the flat-product body . 57.2.3 Testing of the edges of the flat products 57.3 Scanning condition 57.4 Sensitivity and range setting . 68 Determination of the discontinuity size 78.1 Testing the flat-product body .
10、78.1.1 Testing with dual-element probes 78.1.2 Testing with single-element probes 78.2 Testing the edges . 89 Acceptance criteria 810 Test report . 8Bibliography .13 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 17577:2016ISO 17577:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standar
11、dization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to
12、 be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used
13、 to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of
14、 the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified
15、during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the
16、meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC
17、17, Steel, Subcommittee SC 7, Methods of testing (other than mechanical tests and chemical analysis).This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 17577:2006), which has been technically revised.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 17577:2016INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17577:2016(E
18、)Steel Ultrasonic testing of steel flat products of thickness equal to or greater than 6 mm1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a method for the automated and/or manual ultrasonic testing of uncoated steel flat products for internal discontinuities by the pulse echo technique. It is applicab
19、le to non-alloyed or alloyed steel flat products, in a nominal thickness range of 6 mm to 200 mm. However, this International Standard may be applied to austenitic and austenitic-ferritic steels, provided that the difference between the amplitude of the noise signal and that of the echo detection th
20、reshold is sufficient for the limit fixed. Unless otherwise agreed, for testing of steel flat products for welded steel tubes, ISO 10893-9 applies.Other techniques of testing (e.g. by transmission) or other test equipment may be used at the manufacturers discretion, provided that they give identical
21、 results to those obtained under the conditions of this International Standard. In the event of a dispute, only the method defined in this International Standard will prevail.Testing of flat products, of thickness less than 6 mm and over 200 mm, may be the subject of special agreements between the p
22、arties concerned.Testing is normally carried out in the place of production or on the premises of the supplier.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edi
23、tion cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing Qualification and certification of NDT personnelISO 10893-9, Non-destructive testing of steel tubes Part 9: Automated ultrasonic testing for
24、the detection of laminar imperfections in strip/plate used for the manufacture of welded steel tubesISO 11484, Steel products Employers qualification system for non-destructive testing (NDT) personnel3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
25、3.1internal discontinuityany imperfection lying within the thickness of the flat products, e.g. planar or laminar imperfection, single-plane or multi-plane inclusion bands or clusters3.2defectunacceptable internal discontinuities, i.e. exceeding the specified maximum size or population density limit
26、s3.3population densitynumber of individual internal discontinuities of a size greater than a specified minimum size and less than a specified maximum size per specified area of body or length of edge zone ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 17577:2016ISO 17577:2016(E)3.4manual and assisted manual t
27、estingtesting by an operator applying an ultrasonic probe to the flat-product surface, manually executing the appropriate scanning pattern on the flat-product surface and visually assessing ultrasonic signal indications on the electronic equipment screen either by direct viewing or by built-in signa
28、l amplitude alarm devices3.5automated and semi-automated testingtesting using a mechanized means of applying the ultrasonic probe or probes to the flat-product surface and executing the appropriate scanning pattern, together with ultrasonic signal evaluation by electronic meansNote 1 to entry: Such
29、testing can be either fully automated with no operator involvement or semi-automated when the operator performs basic equipment operation functions.3.6dead zonezone adjacent to the scanning surface within which reflectors of interest are not revealed4 PrincipleThe method used is based on the reflect
30、ion of ultrasonic waves (generally longitudinal waves), the mean direction of which is perpendicular to the main surface of the flat products.The examination consists of the following:a) locating any discontinuity by comparing the amplitude of the discontinuity echo with the amplitude of the echo of
31、 a flat-bottomed hole of a given diameter and located at the same depth as the discontinuity (DGS-method);NOTE Only those discontinuities giving an echo height exceeding in amplitude that of the echo obtained with the reference flat-bottomed hole are taken into consideration.b) Then determining its
32、area, the contour of the discontinuity being defined by the positions of the centre of the probe corresponding to an echo amplitude of half the maximum amplitude of the discontinuity under consideration (6 dB drop technique).The examination shall be carried out from one side only.In the case of auto
33、mated testing, the location of a discontinuity and the determination of its area can be realized using different algorithms together with high scanning density. In case of dispute, the 6 dB drop technique in 8.1.1 should be used.5 PersonnelAutomated testing shall be carried out only by qualified per
34、sonnel under the responsibility of Level 2 or Level 3 qualified person. Qualification shall include regular training, success in examination, experience and satisfactory vision test according to the standards mentioned below. Manual testing shall be carried out only by personnel qualified at minimum
35、 Level 1 and under the responsibility of Level 2 or Level 3 qualified person.Qualification of the responsible person shall be in accordance with ISO 9712, ISO 11484 or an appropriate national/ regional standard.NOTE Examples of appropriate standards are listed in the Bibliography.2 ISO 2016 All righ
36、ts reservedBS ISO 17577:2016ISO 17577:2016(E)6 Testing system6.1 General requirementsThe pulse echo technique with normal incidence to the scanning surface shall be used for the ultrasonic testing.The instrument shall be equipped with time-base regulation and the gain control shall be calibrated in
37、decibels. The electronic equipment shall be appropriate for the ultrasonic probes and frequencies used.The transmitted pulse repetition frequency shall be appropriate for the applied scanning speed.The instrument shall detect the ultrasonic signals of internal discontinuities by using a gate functio
38、n. The output signal shall be provided for devices like display monitor or recording equipment.The coupling medium shall ensure an adequate contact between the probe and the surface of the flat products and maintain sufficient coupling during scanning.6.2 Manual testing instrumentThe instrument shal
39、l be equipped with an A-scan display monitor that allows the assessment of the path of ultrasonic waves in the flat products. The A-scan shall be clearly visible, the peaks corresponding to the successive echoes being sharp and very clear.6.3 Automated testing systemThe automated testing system shal
40、l be equipped with the following:a) a suitable mechanical means for scanning the surface of flat products with a defined density;b) probe holders that are capable of following the surface contour of a flat product to be tested, in order to maintain normal incidence;c) appropriate electronics includi
41、ng, for example, transmitters, receivers, multiplexer, gates, display monitor, as well as a means for data collection;d) appropriate means for signal evaluation, recording (e.g. mapping) and storing;e) means for setting of equipment (i.e. test sensitivity, range and gate position), for example, by t
42、he use of reference blocks, input of artificial signals, downloading distance-amplitude curves (DAC) or downloading stored calibration files;f) means for control of pulse repetition frequency related to the scanning speed;g) means for coupling and function check (e.g. by surveillance of back-wall ec
43、ho);h) function to indicate the location of discontinuities with reference to an edge of the flat product (printer, recorder or display).6.4 Performance of electronic equipment6.4.1 Linearitya) Linear amplifiers: the deviation of the vertical linearity shall not exceed 1 dB in any part of a 20 dB sp
44、an.b) Logarithmic amplifiers: the deviation of the vertical linearity shall not exceed 1 dB in any part of a 20 dB span and 2 dB in any part of a 60 dB span. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 17577:2016ISO 17577:2016(E)c) Horizontal linearity: the deviation of the horizontal linearity shall not e
45、xceed 2 % of the testing range.The vertical linearity shall be checked at least once a year, unless the conditions dictate a higher frequency of checking. The results of all checks shall be recorded.6.4.2 Dead zoneThe dead zone results from combination of probe characteristics with the actual settin
46、g of the instrument used.The dead zone of single-element probes connected to the instrument used shall be as small as possible, i.e. max. 15 % of the thickness of the flat products or 15 mm, whichever is the smaller. For product thicknesses less than 10 mm, the dead zone shall be less than or equal
47、to 1,5 mm.6.5 ProbesThe probes shall be single-element probes, dual-element probes or multiple dual-element probes, depending on the thickness of the flat products as given in Table 1.Table 1 Probe typesSpecified thickness of the flat products or path lengthmmProbe typea, b6 e 60 Dual-element probe6
48、0 1 000 500 500 100b100 50b50 20 1 000 mm2500 500 mm2100b S 500 mm2B3Discontinuities where the echo has an amplitude above the distance- amplitude curve for a flat-bottomed hole of diameter 11 mmN2 between diameters of 8 mmband 11 mm10 in the most populated/ 1 m 1 m squareB4Discontinuities where the
49、 echo has an amplitude above the distance- amplitude curve for a flat-bottomed hole of diameter 8 mmN3 between diameters of 5 mm and 8 mm10 in the most populated/ 1 m 1 m squareaArea of each discontinuity in the cluster in question (see 8.1.2).bBy agreement at the time of enquiry and order, the 5 mm flat-bottomed hole may be specified. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 9BS ISO 17577:2016ISO 17577:2016(E)Table 6 Acceptance criteria for testing the edge zone of flat products with dual-element probesClassaPermissible individu
