1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 1817:2015Rubber, vulcanized orthermoplastic Determinationof the effect of liquidsBS ISO 1817:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 1817:2015. It supersedes BS ISO 1817:2011 which is withdrawn.The UK participation i
2、n its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/22, Physical testing of rubber.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible f
3、or its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 84005 0 ICS 83.060 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy
4、 and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e d ISO 2015Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of the effect of liquidsCaoutchouc vulcanis ou thermoplastique Dtermination de laction des liquidesINTERNATIONAL STANDARDIS
5、O 1817Sixth edition 2015-02-15Reference number ISO 1817:2015(E)BS ISO 1817:2015ISO 1817:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by an
6、y means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Gen
7、eva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 1817:2015ISO 1817:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Apparatus . 14 Calibration 35 Test liquids . 36 T
8、est pieces . 36.1 Preparation 36.2 Dimensions . 36.3 Time interval between vulcanization and testing 46.4 Conditioning 47 Immersion in the test liquid . 47.1 Temperature 47.2 Duration 58 Procedure. 58.1 General . 58.2 Change in mass . 68.3 Change in volume 68.4 Change in dimensions . 78.5 Change in
9、surface area . 88.6 Change in hardness . 88.7 Change in tensile stress-strain properties 98.8 Testing with liquid on one surface only . 98.9 Determination of extractable matter 109 Precision 1110 Test report 11Annex A (normative) Reference liquids .12Annex B (normative) Calibration schedule 15Annex
10、C (informative) Precision results from an interlaboratory test programme 17Bibliography .23BS ISO 1817:2015ISO 1817:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International
11、Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, al
12、so take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.
13、In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elemen
14、ts of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received
15、(see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherenc
16、e to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee SC 2, Testing and analysis.This sixth edition cancels and replaces the fifth
17、edition (ISO 1817:2011), which has been revised to include a precision statement (see Annex C). Additionally, the flash point of oil No. 2 has been adjusted to the actual value and the CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service) numbers have been incorporated in Table A1 and A2 as well as in Clause A.3.iv ISO
18、2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 1817:2015ISO 1817:2015(E)IntroductionThe action of a liquid on vulcanized or thermoplastic rubber can generally result in:a) absorption of the liquid by the rubber;b) extraction of soluble constituents from the rubber;c) a chemical reaction with the rubber.The amount o
19、f absorption a) is usually larger than that of extraction b) so that the net result is an increase in volume, commonly termed “swelling”. The absorption of liquid can profoundly alter physical and chemical properties and hence change tensile strength, extensibility and hardness of the rubber, so it
20、is important to measure these properties after treatment of the rubber. The extraction of soluble constituents, especially plasticizers and antidegradants, can likewise alter the rubbers physical properties and chemical resistance after drying (assuming the liquid to be volatile). Therefore, it is n
21、ecessary to test these properties following immersion and drying of the rubber. This International Standard describes the methods necessary for determining the changes in the following properties: change in mass, volume and dimensions; extractable matter; change in hardness and tensile stress-strain
22、 properties after immersion and after immersion and drying.Although in some respects these tests might simulate service conditions, no direct correlation with service behaviour is implied. Thus, the rubber giving the lowest change in volume is not necessarily the best one in service. The thickness o
23、f the rubber needs to be taken into account since the rate of penetration of liquid is time-dependent and the bulk of a very thick rubber product might remain unaffected for the whole of the projected service life, especially with viscous liquids. Moreover, it is known that the action of a liquid on
24、 rubber, especially at high temperatures, can be affected by the presence of atmospheric oxygen. The tests described in this International Standard can, however, provide valuable information on the suitability of a rubber for use with a given liquid and, in particular, constitute a useful control wh
25、en used for developing rubbers resistant to oils, fuels, or other service liquids.The effect of a liquid might depend on the nature and magnitude of any stress within the rubber. In this International Standard, test pieces are tested in an unstressed condition. ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO 1
26、817:2015BS ISO 1817:2015Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of the effect of liquidsWARNING 1 Persons using this document should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
27、 responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.WARNING 2 Certain procedures specified in this document might involve the use or generation of substances, or the generation of waste, that could constitu
28、te a local environmental hazard. Reference should be made to appropriate documentation on safe handling and disposal after use.1 ScopeThis International Standard describes methods of evaluating the resistance of vulcanized and thermoplastic rubbers to the action of liquids by measurement of properti
29、es of the rubbers before and after immersion in test liquids. The liquids concerned include current service liquids, such as petroleum derivatives, organic solvents and chemical reagents, as well as reference test liquids.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for
30、 the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 37, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of tensile stress-strain propertiesISO 48, Rubbe
31、r, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD)ISO 175, Plastics Methods of test for the determination of the effects of immersion in liquid chemicalsISO 7619-1, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of indentation hardness Part 1: Duromet
32、er method (Shore hardness)ISO 18899:2013, Rubber Guide to the calibration of test equipmentISO 23529:2010, Rubber General procedures for preparing and conditioning test pieces for physical test methodsASTM D5964, Standard Practice for Rubber IRM 901, IRM 902, and IRM 903 Replacement Oils for ASTM No
33、. 1, ASTM No. 2, and ASTM No. 3 Oils3 Apparatus3.1 Total immersion apparatus, designed to take account of the volatility of the test liquid and of the immersion temperature in order to prevent and minimize evaporation of the test liquid and the ingress of air.For tests at temperatures considerably b
34、elow the boiling point of the test liquid, a stoppered glass bottle or tube shall be used. For tests at temperatures near the boiling point of the test liquid, the bottle or tube shall be fitted with a reflux condenser or other suitable means of minimizing the evaporation of liquid.INTERNATIONAL STA
35、NDARD ISO 1817:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 1817:2015ISO 1817:2015(E)The bottle or tube shall be so dimensioned that the test pieces remain completely immersed and all surfaces are completely exposed to the liquid without any restriction. The volume of liquid shall be at least 15 tim
36、es the combined volume of the test pieces and the volume of air above the liquid shall be kept to a minimum.The test pieces shall be mounted in jigs, preferably hanging on a rod or wire, and separated from any adjacent test piece, for instance by glass rings or other non-reactive spacers.The materia
37、ls of the apparatus shall be inert to the test liquid and to the rubber; for example, materials containing copper shall not be used.3.2 Apparatus for testing one surface only, which holds the test piece in contact with the liquid on only one of its surfaces.A suitable apparatus is illustrated in Fig
38、ure 1. It comprises a base-plate (A) and an open-ended cylindrical chamber (B), which is held tightly against the test piece (C) by wing nuts (D) mounted on bolts (E). A hole of approximately 30 mm diameter is allowed in the base-plate for examination of the surface not in contact with the liquid. D
39、uring the test, the opening on the top of the chamber shall be closed by a close-fitting plug (F).Dimensions in millimetresFigure 1 Apparatus for testing one surface only3.3 Balance, accurate to 1 mg.3.4 Instrument for measuring the thickness of the test piece, consisting of a micrometre dial gauge,
40、 of adequate accuracy, firmly held in a rigid stand over a flat base-plate. The instrument shall comply with the requirements given for such apparatus in ISO 23529:2010, method A.3.5 Instrument for measuring the length and width of the test piece, having a scale graduated in divisions of 0,01 mm and
41、 preferably operating without contact with the test piece, for example using an optical system complying with the requirements given for such apparatus in ISO 23529:2010, method D.3.6 Instrument for measuring the change in surface area, capable of measuring the lengths of the diagonals of the test p
42、iece. It shall have a scale graduated in divisions of 0,01 mm and should preferably 2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 1817:2015ISO 1817:2015(E)operate without contact with the test piece, for example using an optical system complying with the requirements given for such apparatus in ISO 23529:201
43、0, method D.4 CalibrationThe requirements for calibration of the test apparatus are given in Annex B.5 Test liquidsThe choice of the test liquid shall depend on the purpose of the test.When information is required on the service behaviour of a vulcanized or thermoplastic rubber in contact with a par
44、ticular liquid, then this liquid shall, if possible, be chosen for the test. Commercial liquids are not always constant in composition, and the test shall, whenever practicable, include a reference material of known characteristics. Any abnormal results due to unexpected variations in the compositio
45、n of the commercial liquid will thus become apparent. It might then be necessary to set aside a bulk supply of the liquid for a particular series of tests.Mineral oils and fuels are liable to vary considerably in chemical composition even when supplied at a recognized specification. The aniline poin
46、t of a mineral oil gives some indication of its aromatic content and helps to characterize the action of the oil on rubber, but the aniline point alone is not sufficient to characterize a mineral oil; other things being equal, the lower the aniline point, the more pronounced the action. If a mineral
47、 oil is used as test liquid, the test report shall include the density, refractive index, viscosity and aniline point or aromatic content of the oil.Service oils having similar fluid characteristics to the reference liquids (see Clauses A.1 to A.3) will not necessarily have the same effect on the ma
48、terial as the reference liquids. Some fuels, particularly gasoline, vary widely in composition and, for some possible constituents, minor variations can have a large influence on the effect on rubber. Complete details of the composition of the fuel used shall therefore be included in the test report
49、.As commercial liquids do not always have a constant composition, a standard liquid consisting of well-defined chemical compounds or mixtures of compounds shall be used as reference liquid for the purpose of classification of vulcanized or thermoplastic rubbers or quality control. Some suitable liquids are listed in Annex A.When testing to determine the effect of chemical solutions, the concentration of the solution shall be appropriate to the intended use.Ensure that the composition of the test liquid does not change signific
