1、BS ISO 18400-103:2017Soil quality SamplingPart 103: SafetyBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 18400-103:2017 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18400-103:2017. It supersedes BS ISO 10381-3:2001 wh
2、ich is withdrawn.BS ISO 18400-103:2017 is intended to be used in conjunction with BS 10175:2011+A1:2013 and other members of the BS ISO series of standards as appropriate. Where there are differences in the guidance given in this standard and that in BS 10175:2011+A1:2013, the guidance in this stand
3、ard takes precedence. The UK committee notes that this standard covers a wide variety of situations in which investigations including sampling to determine soil quality might be carried out rather than being focused on potentially contaminated sites, as is the case in BS 10175:2011+A1:2013.Regulatio
4、ns and guidance relating to health and safety are subject to periodic updates. It is the responsibility of users of this standard to ensure that they have, or consult, current versions. It has been noted that References 11, 13 and 22 in the bibliography require updating as follows:11 HealtH and Safe
5、ty executive. HSG47: Avoiding Danger from Underground Services (Third Edition), HSE. Bootle, 201413 HealtH and Safety executive. Safe Work in Confined Spaces Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 (Third Edition): Approved Code of Practice, Regulations and Guidance, HSE Books. Bootle, 201422 BritiSH drill
6、ing aSSociation. Guidance for the Operation of Cable Percussion Rigs and Equipment. BDA, Pinxton, UK, 2016The UK committee has also suggested to ISO that Reference 31 be corrected to read as follows:31 HealtH and Safety executive. Disposal of Explosive Waste and the Decontamination of Explosives Pla
7、nt. HMSO, London, 1987Further guidance on the decommissioning of explosives sites can be found in:CBI EXPLOSIVES INDUSTRY GROUP, Management Guidance for the Safe Decommissioning of Explosives Sites, CBI (London) 2003.The current Regulations and guidance regarding their application are provided in:He
8、altH and Safety executive. Explosives Regulations 2014 Safety provisions Guidance on the Regulations. HMSO, London, 2014Guidance on health and safety, in addition to that provided by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), is provided by the British Drilling Association (http:/www.britishdrillingasso
9、ciation.co.uk/) and the Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists (AGS). The AGS provides a wide range of H measures to be adopted to control risks once an appropriate risk assessment has been carried out.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in
10、 such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 11074, Soil quality Vocabulary3 Terms and defini
11、tionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 11074 apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at
12、 h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp4 Preliminary considerationsThe main objectives of this guidance on safety are to:a) identify the hazards that could exist when carrying out site investigations and soil sampling programmes,b) indicate management procedures to provide a framework for safe working,c) ind
13、icate what working procedures can be adopted to minimize risks from contaminants, physical and other hazards associated with the collection of samples and the use of machinery, andd) indicate what precautions can be taken in terms of personal protection and cleaning facilities to minimize any risks.
14、It is not possible, in a guidance document such as this, to identify all the hazards that could be encountered during site work, or to provide guidance on how the associated risks can be dealt with in all situations. Safety depends ultimately on the adoption of an attitude and approach to any partic
15、ular ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 18400-103:2017ISO 18400-103:2017(E)situation that will ensure that the hazards are identified and properly evaluated and appropriate precautions taken.Those authorizing, purchasing, designing and supervising works, the employers, and those carrying out the w
16、ork have a joint responsibility for safety. This responsibility extends beyond protection of the workforce to include the general public who are living or working close to the site to be investigated, or who might enter the site, with or without permission, while the works are in progress.In all dai
17、ly activities, there is an element of risk and this risk is increased when the environment is unfamiliar. Even sampling an agricultural area involves an increased risk to the sampler because the nature of the ground and possible hazards are not necessarily known to the sampler.When examining a site
18、for contamination, the risks are increased due to the presence of chemicals, compounds and agents which present a hazard to human health. When examining a former industrial site, the risk of physical injury can be increased because of the possibility of voids and cavities (physical hazards) beneath
19、ground level which might not have been properly filled in. Cavities can also be present where there has been underground combustion (for example, in refuse sites and colliery waste disposal sites).Physical injury is also possible in any sampling situation where machinery is being used. Even minor in
20、juries can provide a pathway for toxic substances and pathogens to enter the body.Care should be taken to ensure the safety of the investigator when a preliminary site visit (site reconnaissance) is carried out prior to commencing the full site investigation, particularly as all potential hazards mi
21、ght not have been identified at that time.At most active construction and industrial sites, special safety instructions are in effect. In addition, regulations could exist and may need to be taken into account on site. When relevant, the sampler should be informed before entering the site.If during
22、the site reconnaissance carried out as part of a preliminary investigation anything is seen that is considered likely to pose an immediate threat to human health and safety or the environment, this should be reported immediately to whoever is in control of the site so that any essential urgent actio
23、n can be taken.NOTE 1 There might be a duty under health and safety legislation and/or a professional code of conduct to do this.When the site surface prior to the investigation is obviously contaminated, or presents a general environmental problem due to exposure of humans or animals, and there is
24、the possibility of dispersal of contaminated dust or water pollution, in addition to taking precautions to minimize disturbance and dispersal of contamination during the site investigation, the situation should be brought to the attention of the landowner and authorities as appropriate, so that prev
25、entative measures can be implemented. In addition to the guidance provided in this document, guidance can be found in: international and national legislation and associated guidance; industry codes of practice; safety documentation produced by employing companies and other organisations; site-specif
26、ic safety instructions.Some guidance document that might be relevant are listed in the Bibliography.BS OHSAS 180017specifies requirements for an occupational health and safety management system to enable an organization to control its occupational health and safety risks and improve its occupational
27、 health and safety performance. Guidelines for its implementation are provided in BS OHSAS 180028. BS OHSAS 180017is designed to be compatible with ISO 90012(Quality) and ISO 1400132 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 18400-103:2017ISO 18400-103:2017(E)(Environmental) management systems standards to
28、 facilitate the integration of quality, environmental and safety management systems by organizations, should they wish to do so.NOTE 2 BS OHSAS 180017is the internationally recognized assessment specification for occupational health and safety management systems. It was developed with the assistance
29、 of a range of national standardization bodies, regulatory and certification bodies, and trade bodies to address a gap where no third-party certifiable International Standard currently exists. It is planned that the future ISO 45001 will replace BS OHSAS 18001.5 Concepts and processes5.1 GeneralIn o
30、rder to properly address health and safety at work, it is necessary to identify hazards, i.e. anything with the potential to cause harm, (this can include substances or machines, methods of work and other aspects of the work organization), identify and quantify risks, i.e. the likelihood that a part
31、icular hazard might cause harm to those exposed to it and the consequences for them (risk therefore reflects both the likelihood that harm will occur and its severity), carry out a risk assessment (a careful examination of what could cause harm to people), to determine whether sufficient has been do
32、ne (precautions taken) to manage the risks or what further needs to be done to prevent harm, and manage the risks by assessing them, putting sensible health and safety measures in place to control them and then making sure they work in practice (a process usually termed “risk management”).5.2 Risk a
33、ssessmentA risk assessment should be carried out by an appropriately qualified person before any sampling or other investigation activities, including a site reconnaissance, are carried out as part of a preliminary investigation. This is particularly important on former industrial sites and waste di
34、sposal sites. If site reconnaissance forms part of the preliminary investigation, the risk assessment should be based on the results of the desk study. It might be possible to refine the assessment once the preliminary investigation is completed, and it should be kept under review as the investigati
35、on proceeds.Risk assessment typically involves: identification of the hazards; deciding who or what might be harmed and how; evaluating the risks and deciding on precautions; recording findings and implementing them; reviewing the risk assessment frequently (e.g. daily) and amending it as necessary.
36、The risk assessment should take into account that site investigation workers are typically: exposed to weather extremes; exposed to physical hazards; sometimes exposed to other potential hazardous substances such as cement and adhesives; are often peripatetic (move between sites and possibly employe
37、rs). ISO 2017 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 18400-103:2017ISO 18400-103:2017(E)The risk assessment record should show: a proper check of the hazards was made; that those who might be affected have been identified; all the obvious significant hazards have been dealt with, taking into account the number
38、 of people who could be involved; the control measures are acceptable, and the remaining risk is minimised; staff or their representatives were involved in the process; who carried out the risk assessment and their qualifications for this task.NOTE 1 A common method for evaluating risks involves wor
39、king out a risk level by categorizing the likelihood of the harm and the potential severity of harm and then plotting these two risk-determining factors against each other in a risk matrix (see Table 1). The risk level determines which risks should be tackled first.Using a matrix can be very helpful
40、 for prioritizing actions. It is suitable for very many assessments but particularly lends itself to more complex situations. However, it does require a fair degree of expertise and experience to judge the likelihood of harm accurately. Getting this wrong could result in applying unnecessary control
41、s or failing to take important ones. People working full time in health and safety often use a version of this method. It provides a good alternative to the “good practice” approach, i.e. adopting practices that are widely recognized and set out in authoritative guidance.Table 1 Risk matrixPotential
42、 severity of harmSlightly harmful 1Harmful 2Extremely harmful 3Likelihood of harm occurringHighly unlikely 1Trivial 1Tolerable 2Moderate 3Unlikely 2Tolerable 2Moderate 4Substantial 6Likely 3Moderate 3Substantial 6Intolerable 9NOTE 2 An example of a risk assessment for driven probe boring (window/win
43、dowless drilling) is provided in Annex C.5.3 Risk managementIn order to achieve safe working conditions (i.e. to reduce risks to an acceptable minimum), the employing organizations should adopt formal “policies” and operating frameworks requiring (see also 6.1 and 6.2): identification of hazards and
44、 evaluation of risks; avoidance of risks wherever possible; failing this, control of the risks through adoption of appropriate operating procedures; failing this, or in addition, the protection of individuals against unavoidable risks.Employers should provide training and keep records of procedures
45、adopted and of any incidents. It might be necessary to establish health screening and surveillance programmes.4 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 18400-103:2017ISO 18400-103:2017(E)In order that appropriate risk reduction and management procedures can be identified on a site-specific basis, those m
46、anaging site investigations should: identify hazards; identify under what circumstances the hazards might present a risk; quantify the actual risks.In relation to contaminated sites, the importance of a preliminary investigation (see ISO 18400-2021) for identification of hazards from contamination a
47、nd physically hazardous conditions is emphasized.5.4 Identifying hazardsAs indicated in 5.2, potential and actual hazards should be identified taking into account: the history of the site as established in the preliminary investigation (see ISO 18400-2021); the activities to be carried out on the si
48、te (e.g. exploratory and sampling techniques); the nature of the site (e.g. agricultural land, industrial land, forest); topography and other physical aspects such as waterlogging; weather/climate.NOTE Clause 6 and Annex B provide information on the hazards that could be encountered in a variety of
49、situations including on agricultural and contaminated sites.6 Safety precautions General aspects6.1 Safety policyAny organization involved in site investigations and sampling should have a safety policy which sets out the requirements for safe working. Adherence to the policy should be part of the conditions of employment of all personnel. The policy should: emphasize the need for alertness and vigilance on the part of site personnel to protect themselves from hazards during investigation and sampl
