1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 18515:2014Carbonaceous materials forthe production of aluminium Cathode blocks and bakedanodes Determination ofcompressive strengthBS ISO 18515:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18515:2014. Itsupersedes BS ISO
2、18515:2007 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CII/24, Raw materials for the aluminium industry.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all
3、 the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 81221 7ICS 71.100.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Stan
4、dard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 18515:2014 ISO 2014Carbonaceous materials for the production of aluminium Cathode blocks and baked anodes Determination of compressive stre
5、ngthProduits carbons utiliss pour la production de laluminium Blocs cathodiques et anodes cuites Dtermination de la rsistance la compressionINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO18515Second edition2014-06-15Reference numberISO 18515:2014(E)BS ISO 18515:2014ISO 18515:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGH
6、T PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission
7、. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 18515:2014ISO 18
8、515:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 25 Apparatus . 26 Test specimen 26.1 Sampling and sample preparation . 26.2 Size geometry . 27 Procedure. 28 Calculation and expression of results . 39 Precis
9、ion . 310 Test report . 3Bibliography 4BS ISO 18515:2014ISO 18515:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO tech
10、nical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
11、 with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria need
12、ed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
13、rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in
14、 this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barrier
15、s to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 226.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18515:2007), of which it constitutes a minor revision.iv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 18515:2014
16、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18515:2014(E)Carbonaceous materials for the production of aluminium Cathode blocks and baked anodes Determination of compressive strength1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a method to determine the compressive strength of solid carbon and graphite materials at ro
17、om temperature.NOTE ISO 18515 is based on DIN 51910.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edit
18、ion of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines Verification and calibration of the force-measuring systemISO 8007-1, Carbonaceous materials used in the prod
19、uction of aluminium Sampling plans and sampling from individual units Part 1: Cathode blocksISO 8007-2, Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium Sampling plans and sampling from individual units Part 2: Prebaked anodesISO 8007-3, Carbonaceous materials used in the production of alu
20、minium Sampling plans and sampling from individual units Part 3: Sidewall blocks3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1compressive strengthdBratio of the maximum force (Fmax)during a compressive experiment leading to fracture and the in
21、itial cross-section, A, of the specimenNote 1 to entry: The compressive strength is calculated as the quotient of the maximum force at fracture of the specimen under the conditions of the compressive strength method.dBFA=maxwhereFmax is the maximum force in newton;A is the initial cross-section, in
22、meter squared. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 18515:2014ISO 18515:2014(E)Note 2 to entry: The compressive strength is expressed in Mega Pascal (MPa).Note 3 to entry: Generally, the maximum force displayed on the test machine and the force at fracture is similar, if they are different, the term
23、 refers to the maximum force displayed.4 PrincipleThe compressive strength is determined using cylindrical or cubic test specimens. A test specimen with plane parallel end planes is pressed between the pressure plates of a testing machine. The compressive strength is calculated from the maximum forc
24、e and the initial cross-section of the test specimen.5 Apparatus5.1 Compression-testing machine, which meets at least the demands of class 2, in accordance with ISO 7500-1.5.2 Measuring device, with two pressure plates.The device shall ensure a uniform load over the surface by cardanic suspension.5.
25、3 Measuring device (e.g. vernier calliper, in accordance with ISO 13385-1), capable of measuring the linear dimensions of the test specimens with an accuracy of 0,5.6 Test specimen6.1 Sampling and sample preparationSampling shall be in accordance with the appropriate method, i.e. ISO 8007-1, ISO 800
26、7-2, ISO 8007-3, or be agreed with the applicant. The number of specimens shall be defined with respect to the homogeneity of the material to be tested.6.2 Size geometryCylindrical cubic test specimens of any size can be used, subject only to the requirement that the smallest dimension shall be at l
27、east three times the diameter of the largest structural constituent (e.g. maximum grain size) of the material to be tested, but not smaller than 5 mm. When cylindrical test specimens are used, their height shall be equal to the diameter (isometrical cylinders). Similarly, when using hollow cylinders
28、, the height shall be equal to the outer diameter7 Procedure7.1 Perform all measurements at room temperature, i.e. in the range 10 C to 35 C.7.2 Choose the measuring range of the testing machine, such that the expected maximum force is at least 1/10 of full scale. Centre the test specimen on the sup
29、port.Increase the force uniformly and shock-free at a rate (velocity of the force bearing) of about 5 mm/min until the test specimen fractures. Determine the maximum force.2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 18515:2014ISO 18515:2014(E)8 Calculation and expression of resultsThe compressive strength,
30、 dB, expressed in MPa, is calculated according to Formula (1):dBFA= (1)whereF is the maximum force, expressed in N;A is the initial cross-section, expressed in mm2.9 PrecisionA round robin was carried out with participants from 10 laboratories who submitted results for two materials, with four paral
31、lels for each. The precision calculation is according to document ISO/TC 226 N 1515.The precision is given at the 95 % confidence level.Repeatability, r = 5,7 MPa.Reproducibility, R = 9,8 MPa (between laboratories).NOTE The test samples had similar material averages and it was not possible to determ
32、ine the dependence on the material average.Repeatability: Given a number of anodes, all with a compression strength of 42,0 MPa, measured by the same operator in the same laboratory, the difference between two measurements will be within the range 42,0 MPa 5,7 MPa in 95 out of 100 instances.Reproduc
33、ibility: Given a number of anodes, all with a compression strength of 42,0 MPa, measured by different laboratories, the difference between two measurements will be within the range 42,0 MPa 9,8 MPa in 95 out of 100 instances.10 Test reportThe test report shall contain the following information:a) a
34、reference to this International Standard, (i.e. ISO 18515:2014);b) type, position, and orientation of test specimens during the sampling procedure;c) designation of the test specimens;d) number of test specimens;e) linear dimensions of test specimens, in millimetres;f) compressive strength, dB, in M
35、Pa, rounded to the nearest 0,1 MPa, individual values and mean value;g) additionally agreed conditions deviating from this International Standard;h) test date. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 18515:2014ISO 18515:2014(E)Bibliography1 ISO 13385-1, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Dimensio
36、nal measuring equipment Part 1: Callipers; Design and metrological characteristics1 DIN 51910, Testing of carbonaceous materials Determination of compressive strength Solid materials4 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 18515:2014BS ISO 18515:2014ISO 18515:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reservedICS 71.1
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