1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 18918:2000 ICS 37.
2、040.20 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Imaging materials Processed photographic plates Storage practicesThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Committee, was published under the authority of
3、the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 June 2000 BSI 06-2000 ISBN 0 580 36000 8 BS ISO 18918:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 18918:2000 and implements it as the UK national standard. It super
4、sedes BS ISO 3897:1997 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CPW/42, Photography, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpr
5、etation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which
6、 implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not
7、 purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside fr
8、ont cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 20, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Referencenumber ISO18918:2000(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18918 Firstedition 2000-03-15
9、ImagingmaterialsProcessed photographicplatesStoragepractices Matriaux pour image Plaques photographiques dveloppes Directives pour larchivageISO18918:2000(E) ii ISO18918:2000(E)iii Contents Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normativereferences1 3 Termsanddefinitions.2 4 Photographic-platehousing
10、s:Storageenclosuresandcontainers3 4.1 Individualenclosures4 4.2 Multiple-platecontainers4 5 Storagehousings.5 5.1 Drawercabinets.5 5.2 Shelvingandcabinets.6 6 Storagerooms6 6.1 Medium-termstoragerooms6 6.2 Extended-termstoragerooms6 7 Environmentalconditions.6 7.1 Introduction6 7.2 Temperatureandhum
11、idityspecificationsforstorage(seeannexesD,EandF)7 7.3 Environmentalconditioningrequirements.8 7.4 Airpurity(seeannexG).8 8 Fire-protectivestorage(seeannexH)9 9 Photographicplateidentification,handlingandinspection(seeannexesC,FandI)9 9.1 Identification.9 9.2 Handling9 9.3 Inspection.9 AnnexA(informa
12、tive)NumberingsystemforrelatedInternationalStandard11 AnnexB(informative)Photographicfilingenclosuresforplates12 AnnexC(informative)Silver-imagedegradation.13 AnnexD(informative)Humidityduringstorage14 AnnexE(informative)Temperatureduringstorage15 AnnexF(informative)Historicrecordsforphotographicpla
13、tes.16 AnnexG(informative)Air-entrainedandgaseousimpurities17 AnnexH(informative)Fireprotection.18 AnnexI(informative)Distinctionbetweenstorage(record)copiesandwork(reference)copies.19 Bibliography20ISO18918:2000(E) iv Foreword ISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederatio
14、nofnationalstandardsbodies(ISO memberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnical committees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhas therighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentaland
15、non-governmental,in liaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnical Commission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization. InternationalStandardsaredraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheISO/IECDirectives,Part3. DraftInternationalStandardsadop
16、tedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting. PublicationasanInternationalStandardrequiresapprovalbyatleast75%ofthememberbodiescastingavote. AttentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisInternationalStandardmaybethesubjectof patentrights.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsib
17、leforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights. InternationalStandardISO18918waspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC42, Photography. ThisfirsteditioncancelsandreplacesthefourtheditionofISO3897:1997ofwhichitconstitutesatechnical revision. ThisInternationalStandardisoneofaseriesofstandardsdealingwiththephysic
18、alpropertiesandstabilityof imagingmaterials.TofacilitateidentificationoftheseInternationalStandards,theyareassignedanumberwithin theblockfrom18900to18999(seeannexA). AnnexesAtoIofthisInternationalStandardareforinformationonly.ISO18918:2000(E)v Introduction Photographicplatesonglassormetalsupportshav
19、ebeeninexistencealmostsincethebeginningofphotography. Theyhavebecomeincreasinglyimportantasdocumentaryandpictorialreferencematerialinarchives,libraries, government,commerceandacademia. Thestabilityandusefullifeofprocessedphotographicplatesdependsontheirphysicalandchemicalproperties,as wellasonthecon
20、ditionsunderwhichtheyarestoredandused.ThisInternationalStandardprovides recommendationsonproperstorageconditionsandpractices.Althoughitisdifficulttodistinguishbetweenthe varioustypesofplatescoveredbythedefinitions(see3.7.1to3.7.8)withrespecttostoragelife,therecommen- dationsmaybeappliedtoallprocesse
21、dphotographicplates. Theimportantstorageelementsaffectingthepreservationofprocessedphotographicplatesareasfollows: relativehumidityandtemperatureofthestorageenvironment; hazardsoffire,water,andlightexposure; fungalgrowthandothermicroorganisms; contactwithcertainchemicalsinsolid,liquidorgaseousform;
22、physicaldamage. Theextenttowhichrelativehumidityandtemperature,orvariationsofboth,canbepermittedtoreachbeyond recommendedlimitswithoutproducingadverseeffectswilldependuponthedurationofexposure,biological conditionsconducivetofungalgrowth,andtheaccessibilityoftheatmospheretothesurfaces. Theterm“archi
23、val”isnolongerspecifiedtoexpresslongevityorstabilityinInternationalStandardsonimage materials,sinceithasbeeninterpretedtohavemanymeanings,rangingfrompreservinginformation“forever”, whichisunattainable,totemporarystorageofactivelyusedmaterials. ThisInternationalStandarddefinestwolevelsofrecommendedst
24、orageconditions:medium-termandextended- term.Medium-termstorageconditionscanbeusedtopreserveplatesforaminimumof10years.Extended-term storageconditionswillprolongthelifeofallplates,eventhosenotoptimizedforpermanence. Thespacerequirementsandcostsforestablishingandoperatingthetwolevelsofstorageconditio
25、ns(medium- termandextended-term)differsignificantly.Furthermore,thespecifiedlimitsoftemperatureandrelativehumidity forbothsetsofstorageconditionsmaynotberealizableduetobudgetaryconstraints,energyconsiderations, climaticconditions,buildingconstruction,etc.However,itmustberecognizedthattemperaturesand
26、relative humiditieswhicharehigherthanthespecifiedconditionswillreducetheeffectivenessofthestorageenvironment. Ifsuchdeviationisunavoidable,theenvironmentalconditionsclosesttothespecifiedlimitsshouldbeprovided.In anyevent,thebestpreservationofplateswillbeattainedwithextended-termconditions. Therecomm
27、endationsofthisInternationalStandardforprocessedphotographicplatesencompassthefollowing: storageenclosures,housingandrooms; atmosphericandenvironmentalconditions; fireprotection; handlingandinspectionprocedures. ThisInternationalStandarddoesnotpertaintomeansormethodsforprotectingphotographicplatesag
28、ainst naturalorman-madecatastrophes,withtheexceptionoffireanditsassociatedhazards;thesearesufficiently commontowarrantinclusionofprotectivemeasures.INTERNATIONALSTANDARD ISO18918:2000(E)1 ImagingmaterialsProcessedphotographicplatesStorage practices 1 Scope 1.1 ThisInternationalStandardspecifiesdarks
29、torageconditions,storagefacilities,andhandlingandinspecting proceduresforprocessedphotographicplateshavingintegralphotographiclayersandintendedforrecord purposes. 1.2 ThisInternationalStandardisapplicabletoblack-and-white,silver-image,gelatin,processedphotographic platesasdefinedin3.7.7.Itisalsoappl
30、icabletomedium-termandextended-termstorageconditionsasdefinedin 3.6and3.2,respectively. Nospecificdistinctionismade,otherthanthedegreeofcare,betweenphotographicplatesformedium-termor extended-termstorage.Recommendationsforplatestoragerelatetomaterials,methods,conditions,andformsof protectionapplicab
31、lespecificallytoplatesdefinedin1.1.However,thesestoragerecommendationsmayalsobe appliedtolacqueredandopaqueplates,toblack-and-whiteplatesalteredbydyesortoners,colourplatesand otherhistoricphotographicplatesdefinedin3.7.2to3.7.8. 1.3 Itisnotintendedtopredictorassignausefullifetimetoprocessedphotograp
32、hicplatesstoredinaccordance withthespecificationsofthisInternationalStandard. 1.4 RecommendationsforstorageofphotographicfilmsaregiveninISO18911andforstorageofprocessed photographicreflectionprintmaterialinISO18920. Althoughthereissomevariationinrecommendedstorageconditionsamongthesetypesofphotograp
33、hicmaterials, recommendedtemperatureandrelativehumidityrangesdooverlap.Ifallthreetypesofphotographicmaterialsare foundinonecollectionorwithinonestoragearea,thetemperatureandrelativehumidityshouldbechosensothat allmaterialsarestoredwithintheirrecommendedranges. 2 Normativereferences Thefollowingnorma
34、tivedocumentscontainprovisions,which,throughreferenceinthistext,constituteprovisions ofthisInternationalStandard.Fordatedreferences,subsequentamendmentsto,orrevisionsof,anyofthese publicationsdonotapply.However,partiestoagreementsbasedonthisInternationalStandardareencouragedto investigatethepossibil
35、ityofapplyingthemostrecenteditionsofthenormativedocumentsindicatedbelow.For undatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthenormativedocumentreferredtoapplies.MembersofISOandIEC maintainregistersofcurrentlyvalidInternationalStandards. ISO14523:1999, Photography Processed photographic materials Photographic a
36、ctivity test for enclosure materials. ISO18902: 1) , Imaging materials Processed films, plates and papers Filing enclosures and storage containers. ISO18911: 1) , Imaging materials Processed safety photographic films Storage practices. ISO18920: 1) , Imaging materials Processed reflection prints Sto
37、rage practices. 1)Tobepublished.ISO18918:2000(E) 2 3 Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposesofthisInternationalStandard,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply. 3.1 archivalmedium recordingmaterialthatcanbeexpectedtoretaininformationforever,sothatsuchinformationcanberetrieved withoutsignificantlosswhenprope
38、rlystored NOTE Thereis,however,nosuchmaterialanditisnotatermtobeusedinInternationalStandardsorsystem specifications. 3.2 extended-termstorageconditions storageconditionssuitableforthepreservationofrecordedinformationhavingapermanentvalue 3.3 fire-protectivestorage facilitydesignedtoprotectrecordsaga
39、instexcessivetemperatures,waterandotherfire-fightingagents,andsteam developedbyinsulationofsafesorcausedbytheextinguishingoffiresandcollapsingstructures 3.4 fire-resistantvault fire-resistantvaultsasdefinedinappropriatenationalstandardsandregulations NOTE See1and2inthebibliography. 3.5 insulatedreco
40、rdcontainers(Class150) insulatedrecordcontainers(Class150)asdefinedinappropriatenationalstandardsandregulations NOTE See3and4inthebibliography. 3.6 medium-termstorageconditions storageconditionssuitableforthepreservationofrecordedinformationforaminimumof10years 3.7 photographiclayer sensitivecoating
41、thatyieldsanimageafterexposuretoradiantflux NOTE Exposureisusuallyfollowedbyprocessingtogeneratetheimage. 3.7.1 photographicplate materialconsistingofoneormoreradiation-sensitivelayerscoatedonarigidsupport,suchasglassormetal,that yieldsavisibleimage 3.7.2 albumenplate glasssheetbearingasilverhalide/
42、albumenlayerwhichyieldsavisibleimageafterexposureandprocessing 3.7.3 ambrotypeplate glassplatecollodionpositive,i.e.,aglasssheetbearingathinsilverhalide/cellulosenitratelayerwhichyieldsa visibleimageafterexposureandprocessing NOTE Theprocessednegativesilverimageappearsasapositivewhenbackedbyadarkfie
43、ld.ISO18918:2000(E)3 3.7.4 collodionplate collodionwetordryplate glasssheetbearingathinsilverhalide/cellulosenitratelayerwhichyieldsavisibleimageafterexposureand processing 3.7.5 colourscreenplate glasssheetbearingacolourscreenconsistingofdyedelementsincontactwithasilverhalide/gelatinlayerwhich yiel
44、dsavisibleimageafterexposureandprocessing 3.7.6 ferrotypeplate tintype enamelledironsheetbearingathinsilverhalide/cellulosenitratelayerwhichyieldsavisibleimageafterexposure andprocessing NOTE Thisisnottobeconfusedwithathinmetalsheetwithaglossysurfaceuponwhichhigh-glassphotographicprints aredried. 3.
45、7.7 gelatinplate gelatindryplate glasssheetbearingasilverhalide/gelatinlayerwhichyieldsavisibleimageafterexposureandprocessing 3.7.8 lanternslide glasssheetbearingasilverhalide/gelatinlayerwhichyieldsavisibleimageafterexposureandprocessing NOTE Theimagelayeroflantern-slideplatesisusuallyprotectedwit
46、hacoverglass,boundonalledgeswithadhesive tape,asthistypeofplateisviewedbyprojection.Albumenandcolour-screenplatesarealsofoundaslanternslides. 3.8 storagecontainer boxorcanusedtostoreplates 3.9 storageenclosure anyitemincloseordirectcontactwithrecordingmaterialsuchasfolders,envelopes,sleeves,albumsan
47、dmats 3.10 storagehousing physicalstructurethatsupportsmaterialsandtheirenclosures NOTE Itmayconsistofdrawers,racks,shelvesorcabinets. 4 Photographic-platehousings:Storageenclosuresandcontainers Processedphotographicplatesrequireprotectionagainstalltypesofphysicaldamagesuchasscratches, abrasion,fing
48、erprints,breakage,etc.Filingenclosuresandcontainersprovidephysicalprotectionthatminimizesor preventssuchdamage.Processedphotographicfilmandprintsshallnotbestoredwithinthesameenclosureor containerasphotographicplates.Differenttypesofphotographicplatesshallnotbestoredtogetherwithinthe sameenclosureorc
49、ontainer,butinsteadshallbesegregatedbytype(seedefinitions3.7.2to3.7.8). Enclosuresandcontainersshallbedesignedtopermitverticalstorageofplates,restingononelongedge.Plates shallnotbestoredinaflatorhorizontalpositionsincethoseonthebottommaybeputunderexcessivepressure. Platesmadefrom19thcenturyglassareespeciallyvulnerabletostress-relatedfractureswhenstoredhorizontally, sincesuchglassusuallyisnotflat.ISO18918:2000(E) 4 Ifunprotectedplatesarestoredincontact,theyshallbeorientedwiththeemulsionsideagainstthebackside,not emulsionagains
