1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 18920:2011Imaging materials Reflectionprints Storage practicesBS ISO 18920:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 1892
2、0:2011. It supersedes BS ISO 18920:2000 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CPW/42, Photography.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include a
3、ll the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2011 ISBN 978 0 580 60060 9 ICS 37.040.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy
4、 and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 18920:2011Imaging materials Reflection prints Storage practicesMatriaux pour limage Tirages par rflexion Directives pour larchivage ISO 2011Reference numberISO 18920:2011(E)Second edition
5、2011-10-01ISO18920INTERNATIONAL STANDARDBS ISO 18920:2011ISO 18920:2011(E)COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2011All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
6、microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in Switzerlandii ISO 2011
7、All rights reservedBS ISO 18920:2011ISO 18920:2011(E)Contents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope 12 Normative references .23 Terms and definitions .24 Enclosures and containers .35 Storage housings 36 Storage rooms 46.1 Medium-term storage rooms 46.2 Extended-term storage rooms .47 Environmental c
8、onditions .47.1 Temperature and humidity specifications for storage 47.2 Environmental conditioning requirements .77.3 Air purity 87.4 Light, use, and display .88 Fire-protective storage .99 Print identification, handling and inspection .99.1 Identification .99.2 Handling .99.3 Inspection 9Annex A (
9、informative) Humidity during storage .11Annex B (informative) Temperature during storage 12Annex C (informative) Temperature/relative humidity relationship 13Annex D (informative) Distinction between originals and copies made for active use .14Annex E (informative) Air-entrained and gaseous impuriti
10、es .16Annex F (informative) Fire protection .17Annex G (informative) Silver and colour image degradation18Annex H (informative) Cold storage practices 19Annex I (informative) Print stability .20Bibliography .22 ISO 2011 All rights reserved iiiBS ISO 18920:2011ForewordISO (the International Organizat
11、ion for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established h
12、as the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.Inte
13、rnational Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publicat
14、ion as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent right
15、s.ISO 18920 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18920:2000), which has been technically revised.ISO 18920:2011(E)iv ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 18920:2011IntroductionThis International Standard is one of a
16、series of standards dealing with the physical properties and stability of imaging materials.Photographic and other reflection prints, including hard-copy output from digital imaging systems, have become increasingly important as documentary and pictorial reference material and art for consumers, as
17、well as in archives, libraries, government, commerce, museums and academia. This has focused attention on the importance of preserving such materials to ensure their longest possible life.The stability and useful life of reflection prints (hereafter referred to as prints) depend on their physical an
18、d chemical properties, as well as on the conditions under which they are stored and used. This International Standard provides recommendations on proper storage conditions and practices.The important elements affecting the useful life of prints during storage are as follows:a) relative humidity and
19、temperature of the storage environment;b) hazards of fire, water and light exposure;c) fungal growth and other micro-organisms;d) contact with certain chemicals in solid, liquid or gaseous form;e) physical damage;f) proper processing;g) enclosures and containers in contact with the print material.Th
20、e extent to which the relative humidity and temperature of the storage environment, or variations of both, can be permitted to reach beyond recommended limits without producing adverse effects will depend upon the duration of exposure, biological conditions conducive to fungal growth and the accessi
21、bility of the atmosphere to the print surfaces.The term “archival” is no longer used to express longevity or stability in International Standards on imaging materials since it has been interpreted to have many meanings, ranging from preserving documents “forever”, which is unattainable, to temporary
22、 storage of actively used materials.This International Standard defines two levels of recommended storage conditions: medium term and extended term. Medium-term storage conditions can be used to preserve information for a minimum of 10 years. Extended-term storage conditions can be used when it is d
23、esired to preserve information for as long as possible; these conditions will prolong the life of all prints, even those not optimized for permanence.The space requirements and costs for establishing and operating the two levels of storage conditions (medium term and extended term) differ significan
24、tly. Furthermore, the ability to maintain specified limits of temperature and relative humidity for both sets of storage conditions can be limited due to budgetary constraints, energy considerations, climatic conditions, building construction, etc. However, any deviation from the specified condition
25、s will reduce the effectiveness of the storage environment. If such deviation is unavoidable, it is advisable to select the lowest possible storage temperature that can be maintained. In any event, the best preservation of prints will be attained with extended-term storage conditions.This Internatio
26、nal Standard does not address the various strategies to upgrade substandard environments. However, institutions with substandard environments and restricted budgets can plan for the improvement of these environments as resources allow by judicious use of air conditioning, dehumidifiers (or humidifie
27、rs), air circulation and filtration. Although practicalities might force compromises, any improvement in poor conditions will add to the longevity of materials, even if they do not attain the life expectancies possible with the environments recommended in this International Standard. The subject of
28、basic air conditioning principles, the various options and associated costs are outside the scope of this International Standard. There are many references on this subject.ISO 18920:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved vBS ISO 18920:2011The storage of traditional paper collections is not within the
29、scope of this International Standard. However, many archives containing mixed recording media also include such collections. Archivists are encouraged to review the appropriate standards for those materials specified in ISO 11799 and in the International Standards listed in Clause 2.The recommendati
30、ons of this International Standard for the storage of prints encompass the following: storage enclosures, housing and rooms; atmospheric and environmental conditions; fire protection; handling and inspection procedures.With the exception of fire and associated hazards that are sufficiently common to
31、 warrant inclusion of protective measures, this International Standard does not pertain to means or methods for protecting photographic reflection prints against natural or man-made catastrophes.It is understood that the archivist of a multiple media collection might be forced to limit the number of
32、 storage environments that can be provided. This compromise might be based on the value, physical size, quantity or legal requirements to maximize life expectancy of some collections relative to others. The issues of mixed media archives and recommendations for their storage are addressed in ISO 189
33、34.ISO 18920:2011(E)vi ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 18920:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18920:2011(E)Imaging materials Reflection prints Storage practices1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies dark storage conditions, storage facilities and procedures for the handling and inspection of
34、reflection prints of all types and sizes.This International Standard is applicable to prints on the following opaque supports:a) fibre-base paper;b) RC (resin coated) paper;c) pigmented and other types of plastic supports, e.g. polyester, cellulose acetate;d) fabric, e.g. canvas, linen.This Internat
35、ional Standard is applicable to the following processed black-and-white silver gelatine prints:1) wet-processed, including those that have been chemically treated to improve the permanence of the silver image and/or to modify its colour, e.g. with gold, selenium or sulphur formulations;2) diffusion
36、transfer, e.g. Polaroid and Fuji Photo Film instant prints1);3) stabilization-processed (which contain the silver image as well as invisible, chemically stabilized silver halides).This International Standard is applicable to the following processed multicolour and monochrome colour photographic prin
37、ts:i) chromogenic, washed and stabilized;ii) silver dye bleach;iii) dye transfer;iv) diffusion transfer, e.g. Polaroid and Fuji Photo Film instant prints1), peel-apart or integral;v) pigmented gelatine, e.g. carbon, carbro.This International Standard is applicable to black-and-white and colour print
38、s made with the following systems: thermal dye transfer (commonly referred to as dye sublimation); thermal wax transfer; electro-photographic; dye and pigmented ink jet; swellable and porous-coated media supports; diazo.1) Polaroid and Fuji Photo Film instant prints are examples of suitable products
39、 available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of these products. ISO 2011 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 18920:2011Recommendations for storage of photographic films and storage of processed ph
40、otographic plates are given in ISO 18911 and ISO 18918 respectively. This International Standard is applicable to medium-term and extended-term storage conditions, as defined in Clause 3.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
41、For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 18902, Imaging materials Processed imaging materials Albums, framing and storage materialsISO 18916, Imaging materials Processed imaging
42、materials Photographic activity test for enclosure materials3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1extended-term storage conditionsstorage conditions suitable for the preservation of recorded information which has permanent value3.2fire
43、-protective storagefacility designed to protect records against excessive temperatures, water and other fire-fighting agents, and against steam developed by insulation of safes or caused by the extinguishing of fires and collapsing structures3.3fire-resistant vaultsfire-resistant vaults as defined i
44、n appropriate national standards and regulationsNOTE See References 9 and 17.3.4insulated record containers (Class 150)insulated record containers (Class 150) as defined in appropriate national standards and regulationsNOTE See References 7 and 12.3.5life expectancyLElength of time that information
45、is predicted to remain in an acceptable state when placed in a system at 21 C and 50 % RHNOTE In the past, the term “archival” was used to define material that could be expected to preserve images forever, so that such images could be retrieved without significant loss when properly stored. However,
46、 as no such material exists, this is now a deprecated term and is no longer used in International Standards for imaging materials or in systems specifications.3.6medium-term storage conditionsstorage conditions suitable for the preservation of recorded information for a minimum of 10 years3.7storage
47、 containerbox or can be used to store printsISO 18920:2011(E)2 ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS ISO 18920:20113.8storage enclosureany item in close or direct contact with recording material, such as folders, envelopes, sleeves, albums and mats3.9storage housingphysical structure supporting materials a
48、nd their enclosuresNOTE This can consist of drawers, racks, shelves or cabinets.4 Enclosures and containersAll enclosures and containers used for medium-term and extended-term storage shall meet the requirements of ISO 18902 and ISO 18916. This includes enclosures and containers that are in either d
49、irect or indirect contact with the prints. Prints may be stored in envelopes or sleeves of paper or plastic, file folders, folding cartons, boxes and albums, or may be matted. Prints shall be protected from unnecessary use and light exposure. Prints that are prone to light-induced fading, especially diazo and some colour processes, shall not be exposed at all.Generally, prints smaller than 28 cm 36 cm in size may be stored vertically, but shall be placed between rigid supports to minimize slumping and curling. Pr
